PSY 102 General Psychology (Chapter 5: Learning)

Simon cringes every time he hears a dentist's drill, even when he is sitting in the waiting room of his dentist's office. In this example, cringing in the waiting room is:

A conditioned response

Ken used to drool at the smell of peanut butter cookies as they baked, and he couldn't wait to sink his teeth into that first cookie. However, Ken's new roommate makes terrible peanut butter cookies, and the smell of them baking is no longer associated with a wonderful taste experience. Consequently, Ken finds that the smell of the cookies no longer makes him drool in anticipation. This illustrates the classical conditioning process known as:

Extinction

The technique used to teach animals complex tricks, such as teaching pigeons to play ping-pong, is:

Shaping

After owning a car with a manual transmission, Don buys a car with an automatic transmission. When first driving his new car, he keeps reaching for the nonexistent clutch and gearshift. This is an example of:

Stimulus generalization

When Diana was 3 years old, she became terrified when the neighbor's budgie bird kept flying near her head. Today, she is afraid of all birds, including robins, pigeons, and blue jays. Diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of:

Stimulus generalization

Tolman's research on rats learning mazes challenged operant conditioning principles by demonstrating that rats developed _______ when they learned a maze.

cognitive maps

Pavlov found that meat powder placed on a dog's tongue will make the dog salivate. In Pavlov's terms, the meat powder is:

An unconditioned stimulus

Typically, most people would:

Enjoy being negatively reinforced and dislike being punished

A type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus is known as:

Classical conditioning

When a conditioned response shows spontaneous recovery, the rejuvenated response typically:

Is weaker than the previously conditioned response

Tessa really likes to mow the lawn during the summer months, but her parents will only let her mow the lawn if all the dishes are washed. Consequently, every Saturday, Tessa has the table cleared and all of the dishes washed as soon as everyone has finished breakfast. In this case:

Mowing the lawn is a positive reinforcer for doing the dishes

When a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an aversive stimulus it is called:

Negative reinforcement

Ratio schedules of reinforcement always relate to the:

Number of responses given

It is very likely that you learned how to turn on the TV and change channels as a young child without your parents ever specifically teaching you to do so. In this case, your learning would most likely be an example of:

Observational learning

Classical conditioning is to ____ responses as operant conditioning is to ____.

reflexive; voluntary