PSY 103 (LCCC) Chapter 6: Memory

Eyewitnesses may be focused on their own

-thoughts. -activities. -conversations.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

1.) Too much stress starts interfering with memory. 2.) The stronger the emotion, the more lasting the memory. 3.) CORRECT ANSWER--> Less emotion means that you will have a clearer memory of a situation. 4.) Too much stress interferes with the accuracy of memory storage.

Which of the following statements about sensory memory is FALSE?

The information that comes into sensory memory is retained for a very long time.

Which of the following statements about Sperling's experiments and iconic memory is FALSE?

The reason only four or five letters were recalled in the whole report must be that our visual sensory (iconic) memory can only hold that much information.

Retrieval cues are stimuli that help us remember. The presence of such a cue can trigger memories. Which of the following is true about the retrieval cues that Susan Gustafson experienced?

The sound of Christmas carols may have reminded her of times when her family was together for the holidays, allowing her to remember her daughter's name and prior times that she played piano.

The component of working memory that plans and controls its various subsystems is called the

central executive.

Desmond must enter a long string of numbers (1 4 9 2 1 6 2 0 1 7 7 6) into an old computer every two hours or the computer will mysteriously shut down. Desmond finds that combining the numbers into three meaningful years (1492, 1620, 1776) makes it easier to remember the string. Desmond is relying on which memory aid to help him recall the numbers?

chunking

Mitch just completed his psychology homework, where he tested himself according to a procedure duplicating the Sperling research. In the whole report condition, he got four letters correct. His results are

consistent; Sperling's subjects usually averaged around four or five correct letters when they attempted the whole report.

Casey says he'll never forget the look on his mother's face the day he told her he got accepted into graduate school. This memory is an example of

episodic memory.

Tim has a very clear memory of his tenth birthday party. This is an example of

episodic memory.

It has been said that ______ is Blank the Achilles' heel of our justice system.

eyewitness testimony

If an experience does not fit an existing schema, it is likely to be

filtered out.

An amnesia patient often has difficulties remembering information; however, they usually have accurate and vivid memories of emotionally significant events. This would be an example of

flashbulb memory.

Procedural memory involves

learning a skill

What are episodic memories?

memories for life events

A witness's memory is often

unreliable and can easily be led astray by examiners.

Paul is driving to his friend Peter's house for the first time. Paul has a map, but because he is on a busy highway, he can glance at the map only every few minutes. Between these glances, Paul keeps a picture of the map in his head by using the ______Blank component of working memory.

visuospatial sketchpad

Cora has taken one of the Sperling tests. She was asked to look at a flash of 12 letters, but until she was asked to report her results, she did not know which row she would be asked to remember. Which of the following report conditions did she take?

partial report

When Rose meets a new person, she repeats the person's name over and over in her head in an attempt to remember that name at a later time. Which part of working memory is activated by this activity?

phonological loop

Which of the following is an example of a procedural memory?

remembering how to drive a manual transmission car

Susan Gustafson was unable to remember her daughter's name. This is an example of which phase of memory?

retrieval

Your first professor in college was a female history professor. The history professor gave lots of pop quizzes and exams, but she didn't give any homework assignments in her class. Because of your ______ about black college professors, you now believe that your female chemistry professor won't be giving any homework assignments.

schema

A mental framework that develops from our experiences is known as a

schema.

Demond is on a date with Selena in a crowded restaurant. In order to pay attention to what Selena is saying, Demond must "tune out" all of the other noises in the restaurant and just focus on Selena's voice. This is an example of

selective attention.

You learned the names of the 50 states and the capital of each one when you were 10 years old. This is an example of

semantic memory.

Imagine your friend, Daniel, was recently in a motorcycle accident. He is experiencing memory problems as a result. He can remember the names of his family members and childhood friends, but he could not remember his doctor's name immediately after being introduced. Daniel is experiencing difficulty with which part of his memory storage?

short-term memory

Compared to the flooring video watchers, participants who watched the Seinfeld video scored

significantly worse on the Running Memory Span task. significantly higher on a questionnaire that reliably measures good mood. equally well on the Eriksen flanker task. -->All answer choices are correct.

Which of the following is symptomatic of Alzheimer's disease?

All answer choices are correct.

Alzheimers is a memory disorder that affects 5.8 million people, What are two other disorders which can interfere with memory?

Amnesia and Korsakoff's syndrome

In the following string of numbers, which of is NOT a flanker? 6 1 3 2 4 9 8

Answer: 2 Not Correct: 6, 8, 3

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of working memory?

As her teacher lectures, Lucy tries to connect the new information she is hearing to information she has already stored in her memory.

During a psychology lecture, you check your social media updates regularly on your mobile device. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Because you are less focused, you are more likely to encode information for memory.

What is declarative memory?

Declarative memory involves both factual knowledge and personally experienced events.

You are in an unfamiliar city. You stop by the front desk at your hotel and ask the clerk for a map with directions to the café where you are meeting a friend for lunch. The clerk tells you that they do not have any more free maps, but they do have a map behind their desk where they can show you the route. You watch them trace the route on the map and try to memorize the route and landmarks. Which of the following statements is false?

In Sperling's experiments, most of his subjects resorted to guessing when their iconic memories failed them; however, they were almost always right when they guessed, because they had seen the stimulus previously. If you can't remember the map exactly, you should just guess which way to turn on the way to lunch.

Which of the following scenarios is most likely to result in a sensory memory being sent to short-term memory?

Malia is eating Indonesian food for the first time. She loves the way it tastes and slowly savors each bite

Ryan was born into a family that held racist views. He now has a schema that includes racist ideas. Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Ryan's schema is irrelevant to his experiences with new people of other races.

What types of memories do the hippocampus and the amygdala record?

episodic and semantic

According to the article, which of the following statements is true?

You are less likely to remember your date's phone number if you had a good time on the date.

When we think about memory as like a computer, encoding is like using

a keyboard.

which of the following brain structures is responsible for remembering highly emotional events

amygdala

In the middle stages of Alzheimer's disease, people may not remember where they are but can often remember

an event from their distant past.

Alzheimer's disease is caused by

an organic brain disorder that kills brain cells.

The progression of Alzheimer's disease

begins with simple forgetfulness, and over the course of years becomes so severe that it affects basic living skills, conversation ability, and motor movement.

Sylvie asks her brother Sam if she can borrow his car. Sam says she can if she will first go to the car and retrieve his Rihanna CD from his giant CD collection. So that she won't forget which CD Sam wants, Sylvie imagines a picture of Rihanna in her head while humming the song "Umbrella" as she walks to the car. Sylvie is relying on which component(s) of working memory to help her out?

both phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad

The way information is stored and recalled in memory can be influenced ______Blank by schemas.

both positively and negatively

Semantic memories are an example of

declarative memory.

Schemas help us

determine the way information is interpreted, stored, and recalled.

Jamal likes to study while listening to music. His ability to focus on both his homework and the music at the same time is an example of

divided attention.

The process by which information gets into memory storage is called

encoding.