PSY 110: Chapter 11

The Type ________ behavior pattern is a cluster of behaviors involving hostility and competitiveness, which has a negative impact on health.

A

The behavior pattern that shows hostility, competitiveness, time urgency, and feeling driven is known as type

A

Which of the following aspects of smoking have a genetic component?

Ability to quit smoking, Developing smoking-related cancer, How much people smoke, and Starting smoking

Exposure to stress generates a rise in hormone secretions by the ________ glands.

Adrenal

________ coping is not a very effective strategy in which a person uses wishful thinking to reduce stress.

Avoidant

________ is the ability to withstand, overcome, and actually thrive after profound adversity.

Resilience

Which of the following theorists pioneered research on the effects of long-term stress?

Selye

The body's biological reaction to stress is adaptive in the ________-term but can be harmful in the ________-term.

Short; long

During the coronavirus pandemic, people often said, "We're all in this together." This best demonstrates the importance of ________ in the face of a stressful event.

Social support

Which statement best describes the relationship between social support and stress?

Social support is associated with experiencing less stress

Who is most likely to deny the likelihood of an earthquake occurring in his or her town?

Someone living in a building known to be unlikely to withstand a quake

Who is most likely to smoke cigarettes?

Someone whose friends smoke

When people respond to events that threaten or challenge them, they are experiencing

Stress

Cataclysmic events would be considered ________ stressors.

Strong

People's evaluations of their lives in terms of both thoughts and emotions is called ________ well-being.

Subjective

Long term activation of the ________ nervous system, produced by chronic stress, tends to be harmful.

Sympathetic

Which of the following stressors would be categorized as a cataclysmic event?

The coronavirus

Which of the following is true regarding research relating to whether a particular personality type is linked to cancer?

The research is too tentative and inconsistent to suggest a firm relationship between personality and cancer

Avoidant coping is not very successful because ________.

The source of stress remains

Subjective well-being refers to people's evaluation of

Their lives

True or false: Seeing people smoke in movies is related to becoming a smoker.

True

True or false: Smokers smoke to regulate both their emotions and nicotine levels.

True

Which of the following is a good way to cope with a threatening situation?

Turn the threatening situation into a challenge

Which of the following aspects of smoking does not have a genetic component?

Type of cigarette smoked

The ability to withstand, overcome, and actually thrive after profound adversity is known as ________.

Resilience

Efforts to control, reduce, or learn to tolerate the threats that lead to stress are known as

Coping

Efforts to control, reduce, or tolerate threats that lead to stress are called ________ strategies.

Coping

________ nonadherence is when a patient changes his or her treatment because he or she knows better than the doctor.

Creative

Denial is one of several ________ mechanisms that help people avoid dealing with their problems.

Defense

Decrease in immune functioning

Direct physiological effect

Individuals often use both ________-focused coping as well as problem-solving coping strategies simultaneously to deal with stress.

Emotion

________-focused coping strategies involve managing emotional responses to stressors rather than dealing with the stressors themselves.

Emotion

What term is used when people try to manage their stress by seeking to change the way they feel about or perceive problems?

Emotion-focused coping

If, in response to a stressor, a person stops experiencing emotions and becomes unaffected by the stressor, s/he is using which of the following coping strategies?

Emotional insulation

People who use the coping strategy known as ________ stop experiencing any emotions at all and remain unaffected and unmoved by both positive and negative experiences.

Emotional insulation

Happy people tend to be ________ and have network of close friends.

Extroverted

Which of the following are examples of noncompliance with medical advice?

Failing to take prescribed medication, Not following a diet, and Failing to show for a doctor's appointment

True or False. A person with a positive attitude is less likely to develop cancer.

False

Which of the following suggests that the physiological response to stress follows the same set pattern regardless of the cause of stress?

General adaption syndrome

Eric's two grandfathers died from lung cancer from smoking. Eric and his father still smoke even after trying to quit numerous times. This example provides evidence for a ________ component for smoking patterns.

Genetic

Which statement best describes how happy people interact with others?

Happy people tend to be extroverted and have a network of close friends

A personality characteristic that consists of commitment, challenge, and control is known as ________.

Hardiness

Decreased nutrition

Harmful behaviors

The broad field of psychology that investigates the psychological factors related to wellness and illness, including the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems is called

Health psychology

What is the field of psychology that studies how people's behavior interacts with stress and heart disease?

Health psychology

If one is happy, the odds are that they also have

High self-esteem

The body's initial reaction to stress leads to

Increased heart rate and blood pressure

Decreased likelihood of seeking medical advice

Indirect health-related behaviors

Which of the following are the three main consequences of stress identified by those who specialize in psychoimmunology?

Indirect health-related behaviors, Harmful behaviors, and Direct physiological effects

Wilma has decided that there is no point in trying to create a better environment for her son. She just does not see how she can have any impact on their surroundings, even though most of the problems are surface issues. Wilma is experiencing

Learned helplessness

________ ________ occurs when an individual concludes that unpleasant or aversive stimuli cannot be controlled, thereby causing the individual to give up trying.

Learned helplessness

Which of the following is true about activities that make men and women happy?

Men and women are generally made happy by the same sorts of activities

Problem-focused coping is more often used when the situation is viewed as

Modifiable

Happy people tend to feel like they have ________ (more/less) control over their lives than unhappy people.

More

Failing to show up for a doctor's appointment, discontinuing a medication before instructed to do so, and not following a diet are examples of ________ with medical advice.

Nonadherence

Which of the following characteristics of happy people is associated with having better health?

Optimism

Happy people tend to be more ________ than unhappy people.

Optimistic

Creative nonadherence occurs when

Patients think they know more than their physician about how to treat themselves

Causes of stress fall into which of the following categories?

Personal stressors

The category of stressor that includes death of a loved one, loss of job, and getting married is

Personal stressors

In smokers, nicotine levels are frequently associated with a ________ emotional state.

Positive

In smokers, nicotine levels are frequently associated with increases in ________ emotional states.

Positive

Happy people may hold ________ in which they have moderately inflated views of themselves, believing that they are good, competent, and desirable.

Positive illusions

On failing a psychology exam, Juanita talks with her instructor about why she did so badly so that she might improve her performance in the future. This is an example of ________-focused coping.

Problem

What is the term used to describe when individuals use strategies like changes in behavior to reduce stress?

Problem-focused coping

Medical problems influenced by an interaction of psychological, emotional, and physical difficulties are called ________ disorders.

Psychophysiological

You are spending too much time working, and your health is beginning to suffer. The health difficulties that you are experiencing are probably ________ disorders.

Psychophysiological

________ (Men/Women) find less pleasure from being with their parents because such time is more likely to resemble work, such as helping them to cook or pay the bills.

Women

Which of the following are examples of stressors?

Writing a paper, Planning a graduation party, Moving into a new apartment, and Divorce