PSY 110 chapter 8
Which of the following statements are true with respect to Piaget's theory of schemas? Multiple select question. A schema renders us unable to distinguish between our own perspective and someone else's perspective. Schemas can be utilized only once someone develops wisdom. A schema organizes information. A schema assists us in making sense of experience.
A schema organizes information, A schema assists us in making sense of experience
Which of the following are examples of teratogens? Multiple select question. folic acid German measles alcohol heroin
German measles, alcohol, heroin
Which of these are major criticisms of Kohlberg's theory? Multiple select question. He does not adequately account for the role of culture in shaping morality. He ignores the role of individual differences in shaping moral behavior. He does not adequately acknowledge how some people's moral views are shaped by concern for others, not for individual rights. He does not distinguish between moral reasoning and moral behavior.
He does not adequately account for the role of culture in shaping morality, He does not adequately acknowledge how some people's moral views are shaped by concern for others, not for individual rights, He does not distinguish between moral reasoning and moral behavior
Which statements about development in adulthood are true? Multiple select question. People who face difficulties in life are inherently more mature than those who don't. Piaget's concept of accommodation can help us understand how people make sense of changes in their lives. Development in adulthood may mean maintaining an openness to change and to being changed by experience. Development in adulthood is a much more passive process than in childhood.
Piaget's concept of accommodation can help us understand how people make sense of changes in their lives, Development in adulthood may mean maintaining an openness to change and to being changed by experience
Which of the following represent the influence of gender roles? Multiple select question. A female has a difficult upbringing, but she is able to enjoy life and accomplish many things as an adult. Prior to World War II, males in the United States were considered the breadwinners. In a particular culture, females are expected to take care of the house and children. A young child assigned male at birth goes to school wearing a pink shirt, and his classmates ask him why.
Prior to World War II, males in the United States were considered the breadwinners, In a particular culture, females are expected to take care of the house and children, A young child assigned male at birth goes to school wearing a pink shirt, and his classmates ask him why
blank is a period of rapid skeletal and sexual maturation that occurs mainly in adolescence.
Puberty
Which of the following changes are typical of puberty? Multiple select question. Rapid skeletal growth A reduction in telomere length Hormonal changes Changes in the brain
Rapid skeletal growth, Hormonal changes, Changes in the brain
blank refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding.
Temperament
A person is born with some serious physical problems but perseveres throughout development and chooses environmental reinforcers that allow them to construct a unique developmental path. Which of the following best describes this process?
This person demonstrates the active and interactive role of genetic inheritance and the environment.
Which of the following is true of wisdom?
Wisdom increases with age.
Which of the following are examples of cognition? Multiple select question. hormonal changes during puberty being able to speak and understand words solving problems imagining a future occupation
being able to speak and understand words, solving problems, imagining a future occupation
Which of the following is the best example of "nature" in the context of the influence of nature versus nurture?
biological inheritance
What type of development is characterized by improved capacity to process information and understand the world due to advancing age and experience?
cognitive development
According to critics, which of the following are not adequately addressed by Kohlberg's theory? Multiple select question. the rights of the individual interpersonal relationships moral behavior the influence of culture
interpersonal relationships, moral behavior, the influence of culture
According to critics, which of the following are not adequately addressed by Kohlberg's theory? Multiple select question. the rights of the individual interpersonal relationships the influence of culture moral behavior
interpersonal relationships, the influence of culture, moral behavior
Developmental psychologists view development as occurring only during infancy and childhood. true or false
false
A female who has stopped menstruating and experiences a dramatic drop in estrogen production is going through what process?
menopause
_____ development consists of changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide people as they interact with others.
moral
blank development consists of changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide people as they interact with others.
moral
What are the three domains of development?
physical, cognitive, and socioemotional
Development refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs
throughout life.
A person's ability to adapt to or recover from difficult circumstances is known as
resilience.
______ refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout the course of life.
Development
Who theorized that there were eight psychosocial stages of development from infancy through late adulthood?
Erik Erikson
Which of the following are examples of "nature" influences? Multiple select question. Eye color Nutrition in early childhood Peer pressure Family history of hair loss
Eye color, Family history of hair loss
Which of the following describe schemas? Multiple select question. a framework used for organizing information a mental concept that provides structure for interpreting information the changes in lateralization that may provide adaptation in later life
a framework used for organizing information, a mental concept that provides structure for interpreting information
What do psychologists mean when they talk about resilience?
a person's ability to adapt to challenges or recover from difficulty
Bonanno's theory of grieving identifies four different patterns. Which of the following is NOT one of those patterns?
acceptance
A person's role in their own development is best characterized as
active
In the context of the John/Joan case. when one twin's penis was irreversibly damaged in a medical procedure, John Money, a sex researcher persuaded the child's parents to raise the child as a:
girl, trusting socialization to establish a female identity for the infant.
In Blank designs, a number of people are assessed at one point in time.
cross-sectional
In a research study, Dr. Lopez asks people ages 20, 40, and 60 about their levels of happiness. This research is best described as which of the following?
cross-sectional
According to anthropologist Ernest Becker, our _____ may shield us from the terror of our own mortality.
culture
According to anthropologist Ernest Becker, people's blank may provide the customary beliefs, practices, religious rules, and social order for their experience of mortality. Therefore, being a part of this shields us from the terror of our own mortality.
culture
What is the cause of the hot flashes associated with menopause?
decreased estrogen
Bonanno's theory of grieving identifies four different patterns. Select all four. Multiple select question. delayed grief or trauma acceptance recovery resilience chronic dysfunction
delayed grief or trauma, recovery, resilience, chronic dysfunction
The social and psychological aspects of one's experience as male, female, both, or neither is referred to as blank
gender
the term blank schema is used to describe a mental framework for understanding what gender means in one's culture.
gender
Matteo, aged 9, and Max, aged 8, are playing with trucks. Fatima, aged 8, wants to play. "Trucks are for boys!" Matteo shouts. This best illustrates which of the following?
gender schema
A child who inherits an X chromosome from the mother and an X chromosome from the father will be
genetically female.
A child who inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father will be
genetically male
Rewarding and punishing nonconforming gender behaviors in childhood is most strictly enforced by
peers
Erica is asked if it's ever appropriate for people to protest violently against the government. She replies, "Yes, there are cases where it might be ethical, such as if the government is acting abusively toward its citizens." By focusing on the larger ethical principle, Erica shows that she is in Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.
postconventional
Dr. Salzano is showing infants pictures of their parents and of strangers. He wants to know if the babies will consistently look at their parents rather than look at the two pictures equally. Dr. Salzano is using the _____ technique.
preferential looking
The technical term for behaving in a way that is intended to benefit others is blank behavior.
prosocial
When behavior is intended to benefit others, psychologists refer to it as _____ behavior.
prosocial
Erikson wanted to emphasize how a developing person's psychological life is embedded in and shaped by social relationships and challenges, which is why he identifies the stages in his theory as
psychosocial.
John Money, a well-known sex researcher, believed that _____ was the main determinant of gender.
socialization
Select the three domains of development. (More than one option may be correct.) Multiple select question. socioemotional physical cognitive psychosocial
socioemotional, physical, cognitive
Which of the following refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding?
temperament
Alcohol, viruses, and nicotine are all categorized as blank because they can cause birth defects when a fetus is exposed to them.
teratogens
Physical, cognitive, and socioemotional process all influence the development of gender. true or false
true
Dr. Abramowitz is a psychological researcher studying infants. She shows infants cards with shapes in different colors, records the amount of time they spend looking at each card, and uses the information to determine whether infants can distinguish among objects. Dr. Abramowitz's research can best be described as
using the preferential looking technique.
What is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life called?
wisdom
blank is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life.
wisdom
