PSY 1603 Final Exam Review 3 - Quiz Questions

80 year old Mirabel regrets that there is no time left to compensate for her mistakes in life. Overwhelmed by bitterness and defeat, Mirabel expresses anger and contempt toward her family members and caregivers. According to Erikson, Mirabel is likely experiencing ______. A. Despair B. Stagnation C. Generativity D. Ego integrity

A. Despair

_____ report more frequent visits with grandchildren than do ____. A. Paternal grandfathers; paternal grandmothers B. Maternal grandmothers; paternal grandmothers C. Maternal grandfathers; maternal grandmothers D. Paternal grandmothers; maternal grandmothers

B. Maternal grandmothers; paternal grandmothers

Surveys reveal that the frequency of sexual activity among heterosexual couples in midlife ____. A. Increases sharply B. Increases modestly C. Decreases modestly D. Decreases sharply

C. Decreases modestly

Which of the following contributes to declines in odor sensitivity in older adults? A. Slowing of blood circulation B. Loss in taste sensitivity C. Neuron loss in certain brain regions D. Reduced exposure to new and stimulating scents

C. Neuron loss in certain brain regions

Which statement about the "big five" personality traits is true? A. The "big five" traits reflect how personal needs and life events induce new strategies and goals. B. The "big five" traits are not responsive to life experiences, such as a stable job or romantic relationship. C. People who score high or low in the "big five" traits at one age are likely to do the same at another age. D. Neuroticism, extraversion, and openness to experience increase in middle age.

C. People who score high or low in the "big five" traits at one age are likely to do the same at another age

Two aspects of language production show age-related losses: word-retrieval and _____. A. Social appropriateness B. Elderspeak C. Planning what to say D. Grammatical correctness

C. Planning what to say

In companies with a favorable age climate, mature employees _____. A. Experience poor work commitment B. Report lower self-efficacy C. Do not require further education or training D. Report high job satisfaction

D. Report high job satisfaction

Many studies report an increase in _____ in women and ____ in men across middle age. A. "Masculine" traits; "feminine" traits B. Self-acceptance; autonomy C. "Feminine" traits; "masculine" traits D. Autonomy; self-acceptance

A. "Masculine" traits; "feminine" traits

In the U.S., medical aid-in-dying is _____. A. A practice supported by the majority of Americans and just over half of physicians B. Legal in five states but only for patients who are suicidal C. Available to patients who, though not terminally ill, are in unbearable pain D. Legal only in the states of Oregon, Washington, and Vermont

A. A practice supported by the majority of Americans and just over half of physicians

Rather than _____, the grief process is best conceived as _____. A. A series of distinct phases; a set of tasks that lead to recovery B. A series of emotional ups and downs; a linear ascent to a fulfilling life C. A trauma; an attempt to restore well-being D. Primarily an emotional loss; a series of changes to daily life

A. A series of distinct phases; a set of tasks that lead to recovery

Which statement about elder maltreatment is true? A. Abusers are often dependent, financially or emotionally, on their victims B. Physical abuse is the most frequently reported type of elder abuse C. Elder maltreatment is more common in U.S. ethnic groups that highly value independence D. Adults who were abused as children are no more likely than others to abuse older adults

A. Abusers are often dependent, financially or emotionally, on their victims

Which statement about older adults' spirituality and religiosity is true? A. Among older adults, spirituality and faith may move away from prescribed beliefs toward a more reflective approach B. Older adults attach little value to religious beliefs and behaviors C. In late adulthood, involvement in religious activities is more common among middle-SES than low- or high-SES individuals D. Although older adults develop a more mature sense of spirituality, only a small minority attend weekly religious services

A. Among older adults, spirituality and faith may move away from prescribed beliefs toward a more reflective approach

Carolyn, a social worker who works long hours visiting emotionally abused children living in foster care, is at risk for _____. A. Burnout B. Low extrinsic job satisfaction C. An unfavorable age climate at work D. Breaking the glass ceiling

A. Burnout

Of the one-fourth of MIDUS participants who reported experiencing a midlife crisis, most of them attributed it to ______. A. Challenging life events B. Media portrayals of midlife crises C. Age D. Dissatisfaction with previous life choices

A. Challenging life events

Kate is a professional woman in her early thirties. Unlike her husband, who also has a time-consuming professional career, Kate is likely to consider _____ in her decision making about parenthood. A. Consequences for career progress B. The ramifications for her social clock C. Her obligation to society D. Only the positives

A. Consequences for career progress

Implementing a national work-study apprenticeship program in the United States poses major challenges because _____. A. Employers are reluctant to assume part of the responsibility for vocational training B. Few high school students are likely to take advantage of it C. Jobs in industrial occupations and manual trades are scarce D. Too many at-risk students who could benefit drop out of school

A. Employers are reluctant to assume part of the responsibility for vocational training

Which of the following interventions helps dieting adults maintain their weight loss? A. Keeping an accurate record of how much they eat each day B. Exercising daily until they reach their desired weight C. Seeking medical intervention to reduce their BMR D. Engaging in short-term dieting rather than attempting long-term dietary change

A. Keeping an accurate record of how much they eat each day

_____ contributes to older adults' reduced ability to adapt to hot and cold temperatures. A. Loss of the skin's layer of fatty support B. More efficient autonomic nervous system functioning C. Decline in lean body mass D. Gradual weight gain

A. Loss of the skin's layer of fatty support

Which statement about stereotypes of aging is true? A. Positive aging stereotypes reduce stress and foster physical and mental competence B. Unlike gender stereotypes, aging stereotypes often operate deliberately and with conscious awareness C. Stereotype threat among older people is more common in cultures where older adults are treated with deference and respect D. Adults with less education are less susceptible to the detrimental effects of aging stereotypes

A. Positive aging stereotypes reduce stress and foster physical and mental competence

Which statement about singlehood is true? A. Single men have more physical and mental health problems than single women B. European-American young adults are more likely to be single than African-American young adults C. More young-adult women than men are single because of women's higher standards in mate selection D. Few single people feel stressed about their departure from the marital social clock

A. Single men have more physical and mental health problems than single women

Research on master runners reveals that as long as practice continues, running speed drops only slightly with age until the decade of the ____, when it falls off at an accelerating pace. A. Sixties B. Thirties C. Forties D. fifties

A. Sixties

In later life, loss of cognitive skills generally outweighs improvement and maintenance, but most older adults _____. A. Still show evidence of plasticity, and some individuals display high maintenance at very old ages B. Focus less on maintaining abilities and preventing losses C. Can accomplish more than they could earlier because of increasing fluid intelligence D. Sustain high levels of functioning by broadening their goals

A. Still show evidence of plasticity, and some individuals display high maintenance at very old ages

Which of the following processes provides the strongest support for "genetic programming" as important in biological aging? A. Telomere shortening with each cell duplication, until the cell no longer duplicates B. Release of free radicals, which damage cellular material, including DNA C. Damage to DNA through spontaneous or externally caused mutations D. Cross-linkage of fibers that make up the body's connective tissue.

A. Telomere shortening with each cell duplication, until the cell no longer duplicates

Which statement about the feminization of poverty is true? A. The gender gap in poverty is higher in the United States than it is in other Western countries B. The feminization of poverty applies only to single women who do not have any children to support C. For women, marital breakup seldom reduces standard of living. D. The gender gap in poverty has increased in Western nations over the past 20 years

A. The gender gap in poverty is higher in the United States than it is in other Western countries

For which adult are sibling relationships likely to replace friendships? A. Theresa, who is one of seven children B. Isaac, who is his parents' favorite among their three children C. Augusta, who has a competitive relationship with her two sisters D. Pete, who is only 10 months older than his only sibling

A. Theresa, who is one of seven children

Which of the following did Levinson's research reveal about sex differences in early adulthood? A. Women's career development is more likely than men's to extend into middle age B. Men construct dreams in early adulthood, whereas women construct dreams much later or not at all C. Young women tend to construct individualistic dreams, whereas young men display "split dreams" D. Young women usually settle into a stable niche, whereas men tend to remain unsettled in to middle adulthood

A. Women's career development is more likely than men's to extend into middle age

Which of the following is an example of the dependency-support script? A. An aging adult who takes care of her own basic needs is neglected by caregivers B. A caregiver rushes to get a glass of water for an aging adult who has no difficulty walking C. A caregiver engages an aging adult in conversation but neglects his immediate needs D. An aging adult receives special attention when he crosses the room without his walker

B. A caregiver rushes to get a glass of water for an aging adult who has no difficulty walking

Which statement about arthritis is true? A. Alcohol use contributes to rheumatoid arthritis B. Almost all older adults show some osteoarthritis on X-rays C. Osteoarthritis involves the entire body D. Identical twins with rheumatoid arthritis usually show similar levels of disease severity

B. Almost all older adults show some osteoarthritis on X-rays

Compared with novices, experts _____. A. Need fewer domain-specific concepts to reason effectively B. Approach problems with underlying principles in mind C. Are less likely to be creative D. Focus on the surface features of problems

B. Approach problems with underlying principles in mind

Which statement about vision in midlife is true? A. The ability to see in daylight declines at twice the rate of the ability to see in dim light B. As the lens loses elasticity, the eye rapidly becomes more farsighted between ages 40 and 60 C. Production of rods and cones in the retina increases, contributing to visual declines D. In the forties, as the lens thickens, the muscle that enables the eye to accommodate to nearby objects strengthens

B. As the lens loses elasticity, the eye rapidly becomes more farsighted between ages 40 and 60

Kent is often impatient and subject to angry outbursts. Compared to his younger brother, who has a more relaxed disposition, research suggests that Kent is more likely to _____. A. Have low blood pressure B. Be at greater risk of heart disease C. Be diagnosed with cancer D. Develop osteoporosis

B. Be at greater risk of heart disease

Which statement about Alzheimer's disease is true? A. A "Mediterranean diet" may help prevent Alzheimer's but is not linked to slowing the disease once it has begun B. Depression often appears in the early phase of the disease and may worsen C. Familial Alzheimer's is the most common form of the disease, accounting for 99 percent of cases D. Once symptoms appear, the time course of the disease is similar across individuals

B. Depression often appears in the early phase of the disease and may worsen

Which of the following adults is most likely to increase his or her physical activity? A. Maribel, who is overweight and works long hours B. Ellen, whose workplace has started a reward program for exercise C. Alan, who is low-SES and lives in a neighborhood with few parks D. Clark, who set fitness goals for himself but chose not to track his progress

B. Ellen, whose workplace has started a reward program for exercise

Follow-up research on bereavement interventions reveals that the ____ approach is best suited for ______. A. Individually tailored; fostered loss-oriented coping B. Group session; fostering loss-oriented coping C. Individually tailored; confronting and resolving grief D. Group sessions; developing skills for reorganizing daily life

B. Group session; fostering loss-oriented coping

Which statement about older adults and continuing education is true? A. Many programs reinforce older adults' negative stereotypes of aging B. Low-SES adults are more likely to use community senior centers than to attend university-based lifelong learning programs. C. Older adults derive many cognitive benefits, but few social benefits, from participating in lifelong learning programs D. Older adults are typically unwilling to acquire new knowledge and skills, as evidenced by their aversion to online technology.

B. Lower-SES adults are more likely to use community senior centers than to attend university-based lifelong learning programs

With respect to life expectancy, because _____ are at higher risk for disease and early death, they reap somewhat larger generational gains from positive lifestyle changes and new medical discoveries. A. Women B. Men C. Japanese Americans D. Middle-SES individuals

B. Men

Research confirms that highly generative people are _____. A. More likely to experience child-rearing challenges B. More open to different viewpoints C. Less likely to have close friendships D. Average in workplace leadership qualities

B. More open to different viewpoints

An individual who has a participatory perspective on death is likely to view death and dying as ______. A. Something to be feared B. Natural and life-promoting C. Robbing people of opportunities to achieve goals D. Defeat and failure

B. Natural and life-promoting

Bridge employment would likely have the most favorable impact on the psychological well-being of which older adult? A. Minh, a manager who retired when his steel company closed during an economic recession and took a part-time job as a cashier at a grocery store B. Onyeka, a CPA who retired from an accounting firm and took a seasonal job as a tax preparer for a national chain C. Giorgos, a restaurant chef who retired when he could no longer physically do the job and began working as an Uber driver D. Hannah, who retired from her position as a line supervisor at an assembly plant and took a part-time job as a greeter at a department store

B. Onyeka, a CPA who retired from an accounting firm and took a seasonal job as a tax preparer for a national chain

Premarital cohabitation before age 25 is associated with ______. A. Lower risk of divorce when compared to noncohabiters B. Reduced readiness to forge a committed romantic bond C. Attainment of a college degree D. High likelihood of becoming engaged to marry

B. Reduced readiness to forge a committed romantic bond

According to continuity theory, most aging adults ______. A. Prefer completely new activities that do not prompt them to ruminate or reflect on the past B. Try to extend the previous direction of their lives by engaging in new activities but within familiar domains C. Prefer solitary activities because they find social interaction increasingly stressful D. Avoid life changes as much as possible to minimize stress and disruptiveness

B. Try to extend the previous direction of their lives by engaging in new activities but within familiar domains

Which of the following factors contributes to middle-aged women's accelerated loss of bone density compared to that of men? A. Women are more likely to engage in smoking and heavy alcohol consumption, increasing their risk B. Women's reserve of bone minerals is lower than men's to begin with C. Women are less likely to have an enriched diet with bone-healthy nutrients D. Men's testosterone production remains stable while women's estrogen production drops

B. Women's reserve of bone minerals is lower than men's to begin with

Stories emphasizing ____ teach Native American stoic self-control in the face of death. A. Belief in a transcendent state beyond a sense of self B. The idea that all physical and mental states are transient C. A circular, rather than linear, relationship between life and death D. The idea that death leads to rebirth as part of a journey toward enlightenment

C. A circular, rather than linear, relationship between life and death

Compared to their white counterparts, African-American aging adults who _____ more often give and receive diverse forms of social support. A. Believe in God B. Live with extended family members C. Attend church regularly D. Receive formal home-helper services

C. Attend church regularly

Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is true? A. Swimming is a better exercise than walking in treating osteoporosis B. Osteoporosis usually develops earlier in men than it does in women, making women less likely to be diagnosed C. Because the bones gradually become more porous over the years, osteoporosis may not be evident until fractures occur D. High caffeine and sodium intake in early and middle adulthood can help prevent osteoporosis.

C. Because the bones gradually become more porous over the years, osteoporosis may not be evident until fractures occur

Which of the following older adults is more likely to retire than continue working? A. Evan, who is in good health B. Richard, who is self-employed C. Clare, whose husband is retired D. Emilia, whose husband is still working

C. Clare, whose husband is retired

Successful African-American women _____. A. Have rarely experienced support from their African-American communities B. Are unlikely to take on mentoring obligations C. Credit their achievements to intense persistence and supportive relationships with other women D. Frequently display an unusually low sense of self-efficacy

C. Credit their achievements to intense persistence and supportive relationships with other women

Which of the following educational experiences is most likely to promote advances in epistemic cognition? A. Solving challenging logical problems on one's own B. Listening to a professor's lecture about the ten all-time best novels C. Critically evaluating ideas for a research proposal with a group of classmates D. Reviewing both one's own and a classmate's lecture notes to study for a midterm

C. Critically evaluating ideas for a research proposal with a group of classmates

Findings of Schaie's Seattle Longitudinal Study revealed a(n) ____ drop in five mental abilities after the mid-thirties, but modest ____ gains for those same abilities in midlife. A. Individual; generational B. Longitudinal; cross-sectional C. Cross-sectional; longitudinal D. Longitudinal; sequential

C. Cross-sectional; longitudinal

Music thanatology _____. A. Cannot enhance the effects of pain control medication B. Eases caregivers' stress but has little psychological benefit for dying patients C. Eases physical and emotional distress in dying patients D. Is used to increase dying patients' periods of alert wakefulness

C. Eases physical and emotional distress in dying patients

Which of the following middle-aged adults is likely to benefit most in self-esteem and psychological well-being from sustaining a youthful subjective age? A. Briand, who is Spanish B. Pat, who is Belgian C. Ellis, who is American D. Bari, who is French

C. Ellis, who is American

Which of the following adult learners is most likely to succeed academically? A. Ben, who has no academic advisor B. Natalia, who studies at home while her young children play nearby C. Emilee, who has cultivated personal relationships with several professors D. Parker, who must pay his tuition and fees out of his own pocket

C. Emilee, who has cultivated personal relationships with several professors

A major concern for lesbian and gay parents is that their children will _____. A. Be confused about gender-role behavior B. Not benefit from contact with discontented family members C. Face discrimination because of their parents' sexual orientation D. Also be lesbian or gay

C. Face discrimination because of their parents' sexual orientation

Over the past two decades, startup businesses in the United States owned and operated by women _____, and one-third of those firms have ______. A. Grew by 50 percent; equal-opportunity employment policies B. Declined by 50 percent; since been bought out by male-controlled companies C. Grew at 1 ½ times the national average; ethnic-minority owners D. Have floundered; gone out of business since the recession of 2007 to 2009

C. Grew at 1 1/2 times the national average; ethnic-minority owners

Death education _____. A. Is appropriate in the counseling and ministry fields, but not in the training of medical professionals B. Degree programs are no longer offered at colleges and universities C. Has been integrated into the training of students in fields such as education and medicine D. Should focus on conveying practical information but should not venture into social and emotional concerns.

C. Has been integrated into the training of students in fields such as education and medicine

Hospice care _____. A. Focuses on providing medical care that will help prolong life B. Is not covered by most U.S. government health-care benefits C. Is associated with improved patient quality of life and longer survival D. Is a special place to which terminally ill people go to die.

C. Is associated with improved patient quality of life and longer survival

In the Netherlands, where voluntary euthanasia is legal, _____. A. Reports of involuntary euthanasia have increased sharply B. Doctors can administer lethal drugs without patient approval C. Most doctors find the practice emotionally burdensome D. Public approval is substantially lower than in the United States

C. Most doctors find the practice emotionally burdensome

Which statement about research evaluating Kubler-Ross's theory is true? A. Her five stages are best conceptualized as a fixed sequence B. Her theory is universally applicable C. Not all people display each of her five responses D. The five reactions she describes should not be viewed as coping strategies

C. Not all people display each of her five responses

In dying patients inclined toward denial, a "game" can be set in motion in which participants are aware that the patient is dying but act as though it were not so, which ______. A. Eases the patient's transition to acceptance of death B. Results in premature cessation of medical interventions C. Often leads to futile medical interventions that cause great suffering D. Temporarily worsens psychological pain but ultimately makes dying easier

C. Often leads to futile medical interventions that cause great suffering

Which statement about mate selection is true? A. Research on mate selection in Western cultures supports the idea that "opposites attract." B. In diverse cultures, men and women place equal emphasis on physical attractiveness in a mate. C. Partners who are similar in personality and other attributes tend to be more satisfied with their relationship D. Men and women generally place earning power at the top of their wish list in a mate

C. Partners who are similar in personality and other attributes tend to be more satisfied with their relationship

Older lesbians and gay men in long-term partnerships ______. A. Frequently lack the skills to effectively cope with and manage late-life physical and cognitive changes B. Have seldom experienced much discrimination, despite the lengthy historical period of hostility toward them C. Rate their mental health more favorably than do their single lesbian and gay agemates D. Usually point to people other than their partner as their most important source of social support

C. Rate their mental health more favorably than do their single lesbian and gay agemates

Overall, never-married, childless older people _____. A. Find that nonfamily ties are as dependable as family ties for informal personal care in very old age B. Are rarely conscious of being different from the norm C. Report a level of social connectedness and psychological well-being equivalent to that of married aging adults D. Are more likely than others to engage in healthy behaviors because they do not have to accommodate a spouse's lifestyle preferences

C. Report a level of social connectedness and psychological well-being equivalent to that of married aging adults

Many parents report ____ during their children's teenage years. A. An increase in marital satisfaction B. Reduced need for family therapy C. An increase in life satisfaction D. A dip in marital and life satisfaction

D. A dip in marital and life satisfaction

Which example of a child's assistance to a parent age 75 or older is most common in Western nations? A. Giuliana checks on her mother twice a day and runs most of her errands for her. B. Omid pays all the expenses for the apartment in which his father lives C. Karol visits his mother twice a month, doing her yard work and paying her bills during visits D. Adaeze calls her father daily to make sure he is okay and to exchange news with him

D. Adaeze calls her father daily to make sure he is okay and to exchange news with him

In a study of the development of wisdom with adults ranging in age from 20 to 89, results revealed that _____. A. Wisdom is most common among ethnic minority groups B. Age is the strongest predictor of wisdom C. Wisdom is most common among individuals high in religiosity D. Age is no guarantee of wisdom

D. Age is no guarantee of wisdom

Acceptance of lesbian and gay people is greatest among heterosexuals who ____. A. Live in large cities and are high in religiosity B. Live in small communities and are low in religiosity C. How far sexual minority friends and are low in religiosity D. Are highly educated and low in religiosity

D. Are highly educated and low in religiosity

Which of the following are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death throughout adulthood? A. Weak hand-grip muscle strength, low bone density B. Increased telomerase activity, elevated free radical activity C. Moderate alcohol consumption, low GH level D. Cigarette smoking, overweight and obesity

D. Cigarette smoking, overweight and obesity

Among mature-age women returning to higher education, which is the most common reason for not completing their degrees? A. Discovery that academic learning will not improve their lives B. Finding academic learning boring C. Being out of practice at academic learning D. Conflicting role demands outside of school

D. Conflicting role demands outside of school

First births to women in their thirties have increased greatly over the past three decades because many _____. A. Delay childbearing until the reproductive system is fully mature B. Wait until the risk of miscarriage and chromosomal disorders is low C. Want to reduce their likelihood of having twins and triplets D. Delay childbearing until their vocational lives are well-established

D. Delay childbearing until their vocational lives are well-established

Which older adult is most likely to live in poverty? A. Annalise, a 70 year old woman who is married B. Sean, a 78 year old widower C. Omid, an 80 year old man who has never married D. Iminathi, an 87 year old widow

D. Iminathi, an 87 year old widow

Research reveals that social media sites are associated with a(n) _____. A. Sharp increase in number of core friendships for its casual users B. Overall decline in friendship quality among young adults C. Sharp decrease in number of core friendships for its serious users D. Increase in passive tracking of casual relationships

D. Increase in passive tracking of casual relationships

A living will _____. A. Is more flexible than the durable power of attorney for health care B. Does not allow doctors to give pain-relieving medication because it may shorten life C. Guarantees that individuals will have personal control lover their end-of-life care D. Is usually recognized only for patients who are terminally ill or expected to die shortly

D. Is usually recognized only for patients who are terminally ill or expected to die shortly

Which of the following is considered to be an ingredient of wisdom? A. A search for certainties in life, and an awareness that most problems have perfect solutions B. A view of people and their circumstances without considering the multiple demands of their life contexts C. A concern for ultimate individual success and ability, with limited tolerance for differences in values D. Knowledge about fundamental concerns of life, including human nature, social relations, and emotions

D. Knowledge about fundamental concerns of life, including human nature, social relations, and emotions

One reason young women are expressing greater interest in nontraditional occupations is that ______. A. Women are making rapid progress in entering and excelling at male-dominated professions. B. Women now write more books and make more discoveries than men. C. Girls reach secondary school more confident in their abilities than boys. D. More and more employed mothers serve as career-oriented models

D. More and more employed mothers serve as career-oriented models

Which statement about sexuality in late adulthood is true? A. Frequency of sexual activity declines with age, especially among men, who are less likely than women to be in an intimate relationship B. When a partner ceases to interact sexually, it is more often the woman. C. Few married older adults report continued sexual enjoyment D. Older adults who are married or in a committed relationship are more sexually active

D. Older adults who are married or in a committed relationship are more sexually active

Which feature of therapy for rape survivors is crucial for preventing reassault? A. Validation of the experience B. Screening for victimization C. Group therapy D. Safety planning

D. Safety planning

Egalitarian relationships, with equal sharing of authority and household tasks, are common in _____. A. Eastern European than Nordic nations B. Single-earner than dual-earner marriages C. Other-sex than same-sex relationships D. Same-sex than other-sex relationships

D. Same-sex than other-sex relationships

Which of the following parent-child resemblances helps explain why young people's vocational aspirations correlate strongly with those of their parents? A. Similarity in hours spent watching TV B. Similarity in gender-role attitudes C. Attending the same high school and having some of the same teachers D. Similarity in intellectual abilities and educational attainment

D. Similarity in intellectual abilities and educational attainment

Longitudinal follow-ups of individuals varying widely in age confirm that _____ shows greater decrements than _____ in late life. A. Perceptual speed; numeric ability B. Inductive reasoning; perceptual speed C. Verbal ability; verbal memory D. Spatial orientation; verbal ability

D. Spatial orientation; verbal ability

While findings differ greatly on abilities affected and estimated length, it is clear that _____ is a sign of loss of vitality and impending death. A. Primary aging B. Secondary aging C. Compression of morbidity D. Terminal decline

D. Terminal decline

Which statement about dying at home is true? A. Most homes are adequately equipped to handle the medical and comfort-care needs of the dying. B. Home deaths have increased over the past two decades because more people are unable to afford hospital care C. Most Americans prefer to die in a hospital rather than at home because they want to make sure they receive the best medical care D. The home can offer an atmosphere of loving care in which the dying person is unlikely to feel abandoned.

D. The home can offer an atmosphere of loving care in which the dying person is unlikely to feel abandoned

Which statement about expertise in midlife is true? A. Expertise is limited to highly educated individuals, especially those who rise to the top of administrative ladders B. Aging contributes to declines in expertise, which in turn causes declines in practical problem solving. C. The development of expertise begins in childhood, peaks at around age 30, and remains stable in midlife D. When applied to everyday problems, expertise makes middle-aged adults more rational decision makers.

D. When applied to everyday problems, expertise makes middle-aged adults more rational decision makers

In which segment of the U.S. population has cigarette smoking recently increased? A. Men who are college graduates B. Women who are college graduates C. Men who did not finish high school D. Women who did not finish high school

D. Women who did not finish high school

Most emerging adults consider _____ to be essential in attaining adult status. A. Finishing their education B. Constructing a worldview C. Entering into marriage D. Settling into a career

b. Constructing a worldview

First-year students who have trouble adapting to college ______. A. Develop negative attitudes toward the college environment B. Often attend small private liberal arts colleges C. Fare better if they live at home with their parents D. Often seek out their advisers or professors for advice

A. Develop negative attitudes toward the college environment

Opportunities for blue-collar workers to shift to less physically demanding work are usually _____. A. Limited B. Abundant C. More common for those with minimal education D. Unrelated to education

A. Limited

Consequences experienced by overweight and obese adults include reduced success at ______. A. Receiving financial aid for college B. Preventing an age-related increase in BMR C. Avoiding involvement with the criminal justice system D. Overcoming an inhibited, fearful style

A. Receiving financial aid for college

When older adults are directed to use the memory strategy of ____ with word pairs, the young-old difference in associative memory is greatly reduced. A. Organization B. Elaboration C. Visualization D. Rehearsal

B. Elaboration

Of the one-quarter of deaths in industrialized nations that are sudden, 65 to 85% are due to _____. A. Complications from diabetes B. Unintentional injuries C. Heart attacks D. Congestive heart failure

C. Heart attacks

Negative stereotypes of aging are more likely to be applied to ____ than _____. A. European Americans; ethnic minorities B. African Americans; European Americans C. Women; men D. Middle- and high-SES individuals; low-SES individuals

C. Women; men

Possible selves _____. A. Become greater in number of age B. Show considerable stability with age C. Rely heavily on social comparisons D. Become more modest and concrete with age

D. Become more modest and concrete with age

Among other factors, American ____ contributes to the unusually high U.S. divorce rate. A. Conservatism B. Liberalism C. Religiosity D. Individualism

D. Individualism

By midlife, family ties _____, while friendships serve as current sources of pleasure and satisfaction. A. Become less important to most adults B. Do not require as much time or effort C. Provide more compatibility and ease D. Protect against serious threats and losses

D. Protect against serious threats and losses

Which of the following is an experience of middle adulthood that leads to increased self-acceptance, autonomy, and environmental mastery? A. Gains in expertise and practical problem solving B. A decline in status at work C. A dramatic drop in the number of social roles D. A decline in status in the community

A. Gains in expertise and practical problem solving

Which type of reminiscence is linked to adjustment problems? A. Self-focused B. Life review C. Knowledge-based D. Other-focused

A. Self-focused

Which of the following happens after menopause, as a result of decreasing estrogen? A. Plaque is less likely to accumulate on the walls of the arteries as "good cholesterol" increases B. The genitals become more easily stimulated C. Reproductive organs decrease in size D. Skin aging slows dramatically

C. Reproductive organs decrease in size

Which statement about late-life friendships is true? A. With age, online social networks expand to include many people with whom aging adults have no offline connection B. As agemates die, the very old report fewer friends, as they shy away from making intergenerational and other-sex friendships C. Older people tend to choose friends who are diverse in age, sex, and ethnicity, and whose values vary from their own D. Although friendship formation continues throughout life, aging adults prefer familiar, established friendships over new ones.

D. Although friendship formation continues throughout life, aging adults prefer familiar, established friendships over new ones.

Which of the following factors is least likely to reduce death anxiety? A. A participatory perspective B. Attainment of ego integrity C. Aging D. An overcoming perspective

D. An overcoming perspective

Sixty percent of individuals affected with cancer ______. A. Do not recognize the symptoms until it is too late B. Developed it solely due to environmental and lifestyle factors C. Discontinue treatment if they do not notice results within three months D. Are cured- free of the disease for five years or longer.

D. Are cured- free of the disease for five years or longer

____ can cause intergenerational tensions if parents expect their young-adult children to attain adult milestones on an outdated schedule. A. The social clock B. Levinson's theory of seasons of life C. Vaillant's theory of adaptation to life D. The life structure

A. The social clock

At 83 years old, Shobha has maintained ties to many of her old and dear friends who live far away. She also has friends who live close to her, and she interacts with people almost daily on Facebook. The friends she interacts with most and feels closest to are _____. A. Those who live in her community B. Her many facebook friends C. Secondary friends D. Those she has known the longest

A. Those who live in her community

At least half of U.S. adults over age 50 ____. A. Plan on living off Social Security alone after retirement B. Have not engaged in any concrete retirement planning C. Plan on retiring early, at age 60 or sooner D. Contribute a significant amount each month to retirement savings

B. Have not engaged in any concrete retirement planning

Processing speed is a weak predictor of older adults' ____. A. Decrements in working memory B. Use of memory strategies C. Performance on complex, familiar tasks D. Ability to learn new tasks

C. Performance on complex, familiar tasks

Which of the following stepparents is likely to experience the most family conflict? A. Margarita, whose husband does not have custody of his son and daughter B. Vincenzo, who has two children of his own and a stepson C. Yvette, who has no children of her own and lives in the same residence as her two stepdaughters D. Adam, who permits his wife to assume most parenting responsibilities for his nonresident stepchildren

C. Yvette, who has no children of her own and lives in the same residence as her two stepdaughters

Heredity plays a role in sporadic Alzheimer's through ______. A. Recessive alleles B. Germline mutation C. Gene suppression D. Somatic mutation

D. Somatic mutation