Psy 201 Exam 2

Evan is in preschool and uses over-regularization when speaking. Which of the following is he most likely to say?

"He hitted me with a stick"

When his sister becomes pregnant, Tyrone learns the effect of teratogens, which include all of the following EXCEPT

Aspirin

Mary is a kid used to seeing small dogs and cognitively thinks of them as "dogs". One day, she sees a big dog. She categorizes the big dog as the same category "dogs". What Mary did was

Assimilation

The spinal cord is part of the ___ nervous system.

Central

The idea that the activity of neurons in the brain produces consciousness is called

Materialism

Which of the following best describes subliminal perception?

processing of sensory information without conscious awareness

Malcolm knows that environmental factors can influence his child in many different ways and they first begin to have an effect on children

About two weeks after conception

During the STRANGE-SITUATION Test, Grady begins crying when his mom leaves the room. When his mom returns, Grady holds up his arms, asking to be picked up.

Ambivalent

Mario is highly afraid of spiders. Which part of the brain would be activated if he were to enter a room that had a lot of spiders

Amygdala

Which of the following is NOT a psychoactive drug that alters consciousness?

Antibiotic

Zandra's mother brings her 2-year-old daughter to a new dentist. Zandra's mother leaves the room and Zandra is momentarily alone with the dental hygienist, whom Zandra smiles at and plays with. When Zandra's mother returns, Zandra barely glances up and continues to play patty-cake with the dental hygienist. Zandra would most likely be classified as having a(n) ___ attachment.

Avoidant

Derek pretends to be a baker while playing in the sand. He forms five sand cookie balls, and then he forms a sixth with the same amount of sand but flattens it into a pancake. "Wow! This cookie is way bigger than the others!" he exclaims. This example best illustrates Derek's ___ development.

Cognitive

Kara explains to her roommate why Harry Harlow's experiments were so important to explaining an infant's socio-emotional development. Kara correctly says that his results demonstrate that ______________

Comfort touch is more important than food, particularly when an infant is stressed

If Ansel believes in a dynamic systems perspective, he most likely believes that development occurs through a series of interactions between the child's biology, his or her ___, and his or her ___.

Culture; environment

Phil has been having trouble remembering where he left his keys, glasses, and favorite book. Now he also forgets to brush his teeth, comb his hair, and put clothes on in the morning. Phil is most likely experiencing

Dementia

Kendra loves spicy curry, but her husband prefers a mild curry. Starting with a mild curry, Kendra increases the spiciness every time she cooks. One day her husband complains that the curry is too spicy. After that, Kendra always makes the curry as spicy as the last time before her husband complained. With this exercise, Kendra assessed her husband's

Difference threshold

Dr. Woolston is interested in studying teenagers' social lives and the challenges they face. Dr. Woolston should consult with his colleague ___, who would argue that the main difficulty teenagers face is forming a sense of ___.

Erikson; Identity

Nicholas is an infant researcher and wants to use the strange-situation test in his work. Nicholas is most likely interested in seeing

How infants respond to separation and reunion with their caregivers

When a person experiences changes in memory, perception, or voluntary action as a result of suggestions made by another person, he or she is most likely experiencing

Hypnosis

Before psychologists can begin a research project, they must receive approval from the

Institutional review board

REM sleep is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

K-complex

Professor Chen wants to study the motivation and morality for stealing. Which of the following colleagues should he consult?

Lawrence Kolhberg

The part of the brain that is known as the interpreter is the ___ hemisphere because it ___.

Left; tried to construct a world that makes sense

Occasionally, Jessie will fall asleep at inappropriate times, for example, in the middle of talking to a customer at work. Based on this information, Jessie might be experiencing

Narcolepsy

The basic building blocks of the nervous system are the

Neurons

The sense of smell is also called

Olfaction

Janice is learning about the alphabet and how to read, but she is struggling to make the S and Z sounds. Janice is having difficulty with

Phonemes

Jane is four months pregnant. When describing how her baby is developing, Jane is most likely talking about changes that occur during the ___ period.

Prenatal

Monique has noticed some hair growing on her armpits and that she is accumulating fat on her hips. These changes Monique is experiencing are most likely related to

Puberty

Because Lucy becomes aware that all of the adults are watching her as she plays, she starts to act silly and make funny noises. Her behavior is called

Reactivity

Encharta is sitting outside, looking at her beautiful garden. As the sun goes down, the colors become dull and finally the colors become shades of gray. This change happens because the

Rods are taking over for the cones

Darryl thinks that playing hide and seek is fun. He does not know where his mom goes during the game, so he assumes she no longer exists. Darryl is most likely in Piaget's ___ stage of development.

Sensorimotor

Suppose you begin feeling extremely depressed and want a prescription drug to alleviate your depression. The drug you should take should affect the neurotransmitter

Serotonin

Monique was born with mental retardation. Which of the following most likely caused this outcome?

She was exposed to mercury in the womb

Sharon is 60 and has experienced slowness of thought over the last year. She goes to her doctor to discuss why this is. Her doctor is most likely to tell her that slowed mental processes are a result of

Shrinking frontal lobes

At what sleep stage does your breathing become more regular and your awareness of external stimulation decrease?

Stage 2

The primary auditory cortex is located in which brain lobe?

Temporal

Julia is pregnant and she wants to keep healthy throughout her pregnancy. Since her house is old, and she is afraid of foreign substance, she has it checked for lead paint because she is afraid of the effect of ___ on the fetus

Teratogens

A model of interconnected ideas that explains what is observed and makes predictions about the future is provided by (a)n

Theory

Four people of different ages volunteer to take part in a sleep study that monitors their brain waves. The volunteer who will likely spend the most time in REM sleep is a

Three-month-old boy

Sheila is a life coach who has helped numerous adult clients in varying stages of life. In order to promote positive outcomes in her clients, she is likely to suggest all of the following EXCEPT to

Waiting to start exercising until your forties

According to the global workspace model, consciousness is a function of

activity in specific brain regions

Robby is 11 months old and has begun making speech sounds like "bubu" and "mememe." On the other hand, 16-month-old Rebecca can produce two-word sentences like "Daddy eat" and "Mama give." Robby's speech is ___, whereas Rebecca's speech is ___.

babbling; telegraphic

Helen keeps her new baby boy well fed and clean, However, she does not want to spoil him, so she does not hold him or touch him too much. After reading about Harry Harlow's monkey research, Helen now knows that

babies need to be touched and held to develop normally

Which of the following is NOT an example of consciousness?

being in a persistent vegetative state

When trying to explain Piaget's theory of development to his roommate, Martin correctly states that development

consists of a series of qualitatively different stages of cognitive ability

Eugene is 88 years old. With which of the following tasks is he most likely to have difficulty?

driving while talking on a cell phone

Taylor was in a car accident when she was six months pregnant. Her doctors are worried that the accident may have caused problems with prenatal development because she is in the ___ period.

fetal

Peggy's parents are amazed at how much their daughter has changed. Over the past year, she became interested in doing chemistry experiments. Peggy predicts what will happen when she combines two chemicals together and then observes the results to see whether her hypothesis was correct. That means Peggy is doing abstract and problem solving thinking. Peggy is most likely in the ___ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

To treat his epilepsy, doctors sever Liam's corpus callosum. As a result, Liam will

have a split brain

Shayne works as a researcher conducting studies in developmental psychology. Which of the research questions is Shayne LEAST likely to address in his work?

how is auditory information processed in the brain?

John and Danielle want to get a stimulating mobile for their newborn son's crib. If they want him to see the objects, what should they attach to the strings?

large black-and-white shapes

Consciousness is best defined as

one's subjective experiences of the external world and one's mental activity

Camden is explaining all the different stages of development he has learned in his introductory psychology class. Which of the following is the correct order for all of the periods of human development?

prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood

Your aunt, who has several bad habits, recently found out she is pregnant. What is the best advice you can give her?

quit drinking immediately

Which of the following is most likely an example of a controlled process?

roller-skating for the first time

Research shows that marriage has psychological benefits for the couple. Research has found support for all of the following findings EXCEPT that

same-sex married couples show fewer of the benefits of marriage

According to research, the most important factor in allowing a person to be successfully hypnotized is the

suggestibility of the individual being hypnotized

split-brain client is shown a frog in her right visual field. This information is processed by

the left side of her occipital lobe

Brooke is a developmental psychologist at USA College. Which of the following is Brooke most likely to study?

the ways in which children differ from adults in their thought processes