PSY 201 Final Exam
Correlation coefficient
A _______ expresses the strength and direction (positive or negative) of the relationship between two variables
X chromosome
A girl with Turner Syndrome either has a missing or partial ______.
Trichromat
A person with normal color vision is labeled a _________.
Episodic memories
Abe and Rose, who have been married for 13 years, are discussing events that led to their very first date. Rose distinctly remembers giving Abe her telephone number at a party, but Abe is certain that he got her number from her best friend, Linda. Abe and Rose have different __________ of the event.
The serial-position effect
As she was listening to her psychology professor discuss ways to improve memory, Ebony thought of different ways she could apply the suggestions to herself. Later that day she was trying to recall the difference techniques, but she could only recall the first couple. This reflects ____.
Her improvement gives them hope
Branimira has been sober for 14 years. When she shares her story in her group therapy session, what advantage of group therapy benefits the other members?
Extinction
Dasha developed an intense fear of flying ten years ago when she was in a place crash. Now she can fly again without fear which indicates that her conditioned fear responses has undergone _____.
Double-blind
Derris is a research assistant in Dr. Smith's psychological lab. When the participant asked him what the conditions of the study were, Derris replied, "I do not know." This is an example of a _______ study.
Modeling
Dzianis has a client with a phobia of dogs. He shows his client how to safely interact with dogs in a controlled setting to help reduce his fear. Which method did Dzianis use?
Autobiographical memory
Episodic memory is also referred to as ______.
Sensorineural deafness
Exposure to very loud sounds can lead to damage of the auditory nerve or hair cells, resulting in ________.
Conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
Freud theorized that the human mind is composed of three parts, namely the ________.
Bipolar disorder
George composed an entire symphony during three weeks of intense, creative energy. During that time, his speech was unusually rapid, he did not seem to need much sleep, and he thought his symphony would be one of the greatest ever written. This pattern of behavior suggests that George may suffer from _______.
Pupil
In the context of the human eye (as well as little kitties), the size of the ______ is activated by the sympathetic nervous system and is sensitive to emotions.
Sandwich generation
Jairo is 54 years-old and is at a point in his life where he is trying to help take care of his aging parents while also assisting his own children. Jairo is part of the _______.
Eustress
Julio is a great athlete, he plays better when under the stress of a strong opponent. What is the term for the good stress that Julio uses?
Convergent
Leonard and Sheldon were working on a physics problem from different points of view, but came to a common solution. This is an example of what kind of thinking?
Focus on the present
Mindful mediation (MM) provides clients with techniques they can use to ______
Inferred from behavior
Motives are _______.
Eidetic imagery
Mr. Rupp's memory has always been spectacular. He can see an image, like a painting or a page in a book, and recall exactly all of the details of either one. Mr. Rupp's ability to remember these specific details in know as _____
Dopamine
Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of ______.
Fewer dreams than those awakened during REM sleep
People woken up during NREM are more likely to report which of the following?
School psychologist
Professor Schwiesow is trained as what kind of psychologist?
Approach-approach conflict
Sam wants to be a clinical psychologist. He has been accepted at two different graduate schools. Both schools are equally prestigious and will provide him with an outstanding education. However, he is finding it difficult to choose between the two. According to Neal E. Miller, this type of conflict is known as a(n) ________.
An antidepressant
Sheryl is suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder. Her doctor prescribes her a drug. Which of the following drugs is she most likely taking?
Taste
Silas is recovering from covid which has caused him to have a stuffy nose. Besides not being able to smell, what other sense may be affected?
Associating a pleasant relaxed state with anxiety-arousing stimuli
Systematic desensitization involves:
Morally
The Heinz dilemma is used to determine what level of development you are in _________.
Optic nerve
The ________ conducts sensory input into the brain, where it is relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe.
It demonstrated the localization of various functions within the brain
The case of Phineas Gage is important in understanding how the brain works for which of the following reasons?
Pervasive worrying about numerous stressors
The core of generalized anxiety disorder appears to be __________.
The fact that young children's taste buds are more plentiful and sensitive to tastes that fade over time
The fact that a young child objects to certain tastes may be due to ______
Decibels (dB)
The loudness of a sound is expressed in _____.
Egocentrism
The personal fable and imaginary audience both stem from _______.
Raise one's IQ
The practice of mindfulness meditation has been shown to do all EXCEPT which of the following?
Alzheimer's disease
The progressive form of mental deterioration characterized by loss of memory, language, problem solving, and other cognitive functions is indicative of _______.
Map out the DNA sequences found in the human body
The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to
Traits
The reasonably stable elements of personality that are inferred from behavior can be called _______.
Personality
The reasonably stable patterns of emotion, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another is the definition of ______.
Selective optimization with compensation
The reshaping of one's life to concentrate on what one finds to be important and meaningful in the face of physical decline and possible cognitive impairment is known as _____.
Perceptual speed
The speed with which one can compare figures and symbols is known as _______.
Generalization
Three-year kid Esteban watches the children's television show "SpongeBob Squarepants." At first, Esteban become really excited whenever he saw a SpongeBob doll. Now Esteban gets excited whenever he sees any yellow sponge. Esteban is displaying stimulus _______.
Maintenance rehearsal
To remember the names of all the countries in Asia, Jennifer is mentally repeating all the names several times. This scenario illustrates _______
Human faces
What kind of visual stimuli do two-month-olds have the largest preface for?
100 percent
What percentage of genes are shared by monozygotic twins?
Selective attention
When a person focuses their consciousness on a particular stimulus, they are utilizing
Melatonin
Which hormone promotes sleep?
Money
Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?
The exhaustion stage
Which of the following is one of Seyle's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome?
Most people who die by suicide do give warnings about their intentions.
Which of the following statements about suicide is correct?
Psychologists are guided by principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method
Which of the following statements is true of the scientific method?
Cocaine
Which of the following substances is a stimulant?
A visual illusion
Which of the following terms denotes a trick of perceptual constancies on the eye?
Do something to hurt someone's feelings and not feel any regret for their actions
A person with antisocial personality disorder would exhibit which of the following behaviors?
Global economy
According to Arnett, which of the following is not a contributing factor to the relatively new concept of emerging adulthood?
It stands for rational ways of coping with frustration
According to Freud, which of the following is true of the ego?
Resistance
According to Selye's theory, if the alarm reaction mobilizes the body and the related stressor is not removes, which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?
Not the same for everyone
According to Weber's Law, the absolute threshold for all senses is ____
Situational or environmental influences
According to behaviorists, personality is formed by ______.
The self
According to the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers, he defines this as the center of experience:
Reduced probability of aggressive behavior
According to your text, children watching violence in the media are potentially impacted by all of the following EXCEPT:
Parasympathetic nervous system
After a long day teaching classes online, Alessio decides to relax and eat dinner on the couch. Which part of Alessio's nervous system helps restore energy?
Chunking
After a single presentation, Megan can recall her friend's long-distance telephone number and five-digit extension even though the sequence contains 15 digits. One reason for her ease of recall is that she split the digits into small groups of three each. This process is called _____.
Context-dependent memory
After living in France for many years, Laura returned for a visit to the United States. As she walked around the small town she had grown-up in, her mind was flooded with memories of her childhood. The environmental cues that helped triggered Laura's memories illustrate _______.
Retrieval cue failure
After telling the police officer everything she could recall about when she went into the bank, Lucas got to the point that he no longer could recall any more information. At that point, Lucas was most likely experiencing ______.
Agoraphobia
Ali was beginning to panic as the store began to become crowded with shoppers. Ali most likely has symptoms of ________.
Delusions
Delmar believes that he has been sent to earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to a female is doomed to be a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are absurd. Delmar's behavior best exemplifies _______.
Token economy
Derris's mom used to give him gold stars on their refrigerator whenever he would help out around the house. If Derris earned enough gold stars, then he could have some ice cream after dinner. This type of reward system is called a ______.
Habituation
Due to repeated exposure to media violence, viewer's sensitivity to violence may decrease. This is called ______.
Cortisol
During a severe panic attack, the amount of this specific stress hormone found in saliva will increase.
Active coping
Eddie is a person with addiction. After eleven years sober, he became addicted to painkillers. He tried to hide it from his friends and family, but eventually he admitted his problem and took responsibility. Which process did Eddie use in this situation?
Internal
If you tend to believe that you can influence when you receive reinforcers, where is your locus of control?
Procedural memories
Implicit memories involve methods and skills, cognitive and physical, and are also referred to as _____.
Individualistic
In America, it is common that people focus on their personal goal rather than a goal that would benefit the group. What type of perspective is exhibited here?
Projective test
In his clinical practice, Dr. Lee believes that the draw-a-person test (DAP) is an excellent way to discover some of his patient's mental health issues. The DAP requires you to draw a person, for instance, your mother or significant other. This type of test would be considered a(n) ________.
Aversive conditioning
In order for Tonya to stop smoking, her therapist laced her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of the technique that Tonya's therapist is using?
Hippocampus
In order to form new memories, you must have a fully functioning _______
Conservation
In the classic scenario, a child is presented with two glasses of the same size and each filled with the same amount of water. The child says both glasses have the same amount of water. One of the glass's contents is then poured into a thinner, taller glass. The child the states that this new glass has more water in it than the other glass. The child lacks the concept of ______.
The superego
In the classic story of Pinocchio, Jiminy Cricket acts as Pinocchio's conscience. He helps tell him what he should and shouldn't do, guiding him in positive moral decisions. What part of the Freudian psyche does Jiminy Cricket represent?
People with Wernicke's aphasia usually speak freely and with proper syntax
In the context of the brain's language functions, identify the correct statement.
It relies on observational learning
In the context of the different behavior-therapy methods, which of the following is true of modeling?
Nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli
In the context of the five-factor model, which of the following traits are characteristic of neuroticism?
Client-centered therapy
Jason meets a psychotherapist for the first time. During their session, the therapist tells him that she believes that humans have a natural tendency toward health and growth and that they are free to make choices and control their destinies. She also tells him that therapy is intended to help people get in touch with their genuine feelings. In this case, Jason's therapist is using ______.
Posttraumatic stress order
Kate and her family were involved in a road accident. Kate was the only survivor. Her son and husband were declared dead. When Kate returned home, she starting having dreams about people dying in tragic accidents. These nightmares left Kate with rapid heart rate and feelings of anxiety and helplessness. Kate is most likely suffering from ________.
Crystallized intelligence
Kyra, a history major, likes to talk with her grandfather often. She calls him her human dictionary because he knows the meaning of almost every word she asks him about. She is also surprised at how well versed he is in domestic and international current affairs and how easily he can talk about historical events. In this scenario, Kyra's grandfather is best displaying
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Laredo is possessed by the thought that he might develop a severe disease due to germs. He tries to put these disturbing thoughts out of his mind by washing his hands several times a day. Loredo demonstrates ________.
Sensorimotor
Lula is an infant and constantly explores her universe by putting everything into her mouth. What stage would Piaget say shes in?
Prototype
Marci would describe almost a perfect person whenever her friends would ask her who she thought was her ideal life partner. This "perfect" person would be a(n) ________.
Personal fable
Marianna, a 14-year-old girl, is dating a 19-year-old boy. Her parents disapprove of this and forbid her from meeting the boy. Marianna fights with her parents because she believes that she loves him. She also believes that she is unique and is destined to get married to the love of her life at an early age. This scenario best represents the concept of the _________.
Cognitive scaffolding
Marsha, a 13-year-old girl, is poor at math. Ms. Kobes, Marsha's math teacher, shares with Marsha a list of math tips and tricks that she can use to become more proficient in the subject. In the context of Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, Ms. Kobes is using what concept to help the child?
The strange situation
Mary Ainsworth used this infamous experiment to assess attachment styles between infants and caregivers:
May become severely depressed when things are going well or when they encounter mildly upsetting events.
People with mood disorders:
Frontal lobotomy
Phineas Gage was injured when a metal pole he was using to tamp down explosives on a railroad construction project was driven through his eye and out the top of his skull when the explosive detonated. Gage survived a primitive form or which procedure?
Assimilation
Piaget described human thought, or intelligence, in terms of the concepts of accommodation and ________.
Implicit memory
Professor Schwiesow ends up driving to Creighton without consciously remembering how she got there and on a day she doesn't teach. This may be due to which type of memory?
Process the information at a "deep" level so that it is more likely to be encoded into long-term memory
Professor Schwiesow has her class engage in discussion, both in class and online, which encourages them to apply information and generate examples based on individual experiences. Using levels of processing terminology, Professor Schwiesow is encouraging her studies to:
Hoarding disorder
Riley is obsessed with collecting chocolate wrappers. He picks up wrappers from the road and stack them at his house. Over the years, these wrappers have piled up to such an extent that Riley is left with only a narrow pathway that leads from the entrance of his house to his bedroom. Although Riley has been advised by many to get rid of the clutter, he refuses to do so. Riley is most likely suffering from _______.
Medical model
Sanchez, an eight-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to his imaginary friends. His mother confesses to the family doctors, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused damage to Sanchez's brain." Which model of psychological disorders is forwarded by this statement?
Live in the community
Since the 1960s, most people suffering from extreme psychological disorders _____.
Emotion-focused
Slaine and Angus make a point of taking a nature walk every day when they get home from their stressful jobs. Which type of coping are they using?
Retrograde amnesia
Stephen was recently involved in a car accident in which he was critically injured. He is unable to recall the events that led to the accident. Stephen is suffering from _____.
Depress the activity of the central nervous system
Steve's physician has prescribed him Valium for his anxiety attacks. This drug will ______.
Elaborative rehearsal
Using the phrase "Elvis's Guitar Broke Down on Friday" to remember the lines (EGBDF) in a musical treble clef is an example of ______.
Cones
Visual acuity is highest when images are focused on the fovea because of the high concentration of ______ in the region.
Cognitive dissonance
We are generally more likely to appreciate what we must work to obtain. Which theory best explains this behavior?
Physical and sexual abuse during childhood
What is often suggested as the root cause for the development of dissociative disorders?
Self-efficacy expectations
What is the term used to describe beliefs that we can accomplish certain things?
Free association
When compared to hypnosis, Sigmund Freud found ______ to be a more gradual method of breaking through the wall of defense that block a client's insight into unconscious processes.
They heighten their confidence so they can face challenges without drinking.
When effective, Alcoholics Anonymous is characterized by which of the following?
Stage 1 sleep
When our brain waves slow down from the alpha rhythm and enter a pattern of theta waves, which stage of sleep have we entered?
Blind spot
When you moved an index card close to your eyes, one of the marks on the card appeared to disappear. This is due to what portion of your retina?
"There are multiple intelligences which are influenced by different areas in the brain."
Which best characterized Howard Gardner's view of intelligence?
Roanne, who sees change as an opportunity to grow
Who among the following exhibits a characteristic of psychological hardiness?
Phiippe Pinel
Who led humanitarian reforms in France to unchain patients in mental hospitals?
Developmental psychologists
____ study how humans grow and change from conception to death
Infantile amnesia
_____ is the inability to recall events that occur prior to the age of three or so.
Amygdala
Charles Whitman was called the Texas Tower murderer. He was a student who went to the University of Texas at Austin in the late 1960s. One day, for unexplained reasons, he climbed the tower in the middle of campus and began randomly shooting people. He had to be killed. Upon autopsy, it was found that there was evidence of abnormal activity in his _______.
Bypassing damaged hair cells and directly stimulating the auditory nerve
Cochlear implants help individuals "hear" by what process?
Likely to focus on changing the beliefs and attitudes that create and compound people's problems
Cognitive therapy is _______.
Subliminal stimulation
Visual stimuli can be flashed too briefly, below our absolute threshold for conscious perception, to enable us to process them. This is an example of _________.
Reinforcers
What are defined as stimuli that increase the frequency of behavior?
Continuous reinforcement
What is a schedule of reinforcement in which every correct response is reinforced?
Placebos
When a patient insists on having a medical cure but a physician does not believe that medicine is necessary, the physician may prescribe sugar pills. Such fake pills are called ______
- There must be no alternative to deception, and the benefits justify the harm - Children must give their assent to participate, while their parents must give consent - Children must be allowed to withdraw from participation if they request to do so
When conducting research with children what procedural safeguards must be considered?
Behaviorist
When you are training a pet, you are most likely relying on which of the following psychological perspectives?
It is pretty set by the time of birth
Which of the following is NOT true about an individual's sense of taste?
The results cannot be generalized to a large population of people.
Which of the following is a drawback of case studies?
Insist on evidence
Which of the following is a principle of critical thinking?
Meditation
Which of the following is an altered stat of consciousness?
People who are easily hypnotized are said to have hypnotic suggestibility
Which of the following is true of hypnosis?
Genotype
Which of the following represents your full genetic potential?
Vision
Which of the following senses is dominant in human beings?
It always involves reflexes and demonstrates that reflexes can be learned by association
Which of the following statements is true in the context of classical conditioning?
Moderating variables such as social connectedness figure into the effects of media violence
Which of the following statements is true in the context of the effects of violent video games?
Brain stem
Which part of the brain is responsible for involuntary functions of the body such as heart beat and breathing and if severely injured will likely result in death?
Iris
Which structure in the front of the eye dilates and constricts to determine how much light will be allowed to get into the eye?
Operant conditioning
Which type of conditioning is defined as a simple form of learning in which an organism learns to engage in certain behavior because of the effects of that behavior?
Critical thinking
______ is defined as a way of evaluating the claims and comments of other people that involves skepticism and examination of evidence
Statement about behavior or mental processes that is testable through research
A hypothesis is a:
Heuristic
A mental shortcut, or rule of thumb, for solving problems is called a(n) _____.
Startle in response to the sight of a balloon
A newborn infant displays the following reflexes EXCEPT which of the following?
The concept of imaginary audience
Anaya is a teenager who has just started wearing braces. She hates going to school now because she thinks that everyone is looking at her and laughing. She believes that she must look her best at all times. Which of the following concepts of Piaget's adolescent egocentrism is depicted in this scenario?
Lens
As we age and reach our late 30's to mid-40's, what structure in our eyes tend to have difficulty accommodating?
Infinite creativity
Ava, a four-year-old girl, combines words to form her own sentences. In this scenario, Ava is demonstrating _____.
Pathogen
Barry contracted covid-19 from a party where no one wore face masks. The virus attacked Barry would be classified as which of these?
Prospective memory
Because of her poor health, your Aunt B has to take a lot of medication. She usually does a good job remembering to take it but sometimes forgets to do so. This forgetting is a failure of what type of memory?
Principles of conditioning and observational learning
Behavior therapists rely heavily on _______.
Having dyslexia
Being left-handed appears to provide a somewhat greater-than-average probability of _______.
Both positive and negative symptoms
Bettina has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Bettina exhibits _______.
Operant conditioning
Biofeedback training, behavior modification, and programmed learning are all applications of ________.
Unconditional positive regard
Bobbie spilled water accidentally on her father's computer, but contrary to Bobbie's expectations, she did not get grounded. Their father acknowledged that it was a mistake and assure Bobbie that he still loved her, despite the unfortunate incident. Bobbie's father's response is an example of _______.
General intelligence
Christopher is skilled at problem solving and possesses broad reasoning abilities. According to Charles Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of ____.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)
Dr. Nadine Burke Harris and her colleagues have studied how childhood stressors can lead to physical and psychological problems will into adulthood. The stressors are known as ______.
Emotions
Feeling states with physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components are defined as _______.
Major depressive disorder
Fill has a poor appetite and has lost a severe amount of weight in the past few months. She is unable to concentrate or make decisions. She no longer wants to live and wishes to die. Psychologists are most likely to diagnose Fila with _______.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Hoarding is most closely related to which disorder?
One
How many pairings of the unconditioned stimuli and conditioned stimuli are needed for taste aversion to occur?
Stimulating the output of endorphins, enhancing the functioning of the immune system, and positive cognitive shifts that result in positive emotions
Humor helps people cope with stress by _______.
Extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness
Identify the factors that make up the Big Five factor model.
Whether the words used in the question suggested greater speeds (e.g. contacted vs. smashed)
In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, subjects watch a film of an automobile accident, then answered a series of questions, including one asking them to estimate the speed of the cars. What factor affected the subjects' estimate of how fast the cars in the film were traveling?
Self-actualization
In humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential is called ______.
Antipsychotic
Jalal is a person with schizophrenia. If his doctor chooses a biological approach, which class of drugs will Jalal most likely be prescribed?
Forensic psychologist
Jane is a practicing psychologist who assesses the mental status of people charged with crimes and shares her findings with the courts. Jane is most likely a(n) _______.
Anosmia, aguesia
Jeremiah is recovering from covid and has temporarily lost his sense of smell and taste. These two conditions are known as ______ and ______ .
Conditioned stimulus
Mirin would spank her daughter when she would chew her food with her mouth open. After several instances of poor table manners, her daughter starts avoiding the kitchen table. In this example, the table is a(n) _______.
Biological factors
Pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes illness are examples of which of the following?
Overregularization
Patricia, a three-year-old girl, is having dinner. She looks at her father and says, "I eated food." In this scenario, Patricia is exhibiting _______.
Learn more slowly
People derived of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Incubation
Rachel came across a question she did not know while taking her psychology exam. She skipped it and moved on, returning to it when she recalled the answer. Which strategy did Rachel use?
Object permanence
Rashon's caretaker is playing peek-a-boo with him. Every time the caretaker hides their face, Rashon loses interest but is surprised when their face reappears. Peek-a-boo is so entertaining because Rashon lacks ________.
Take him to see a psychiatrists since this is highly unusual behavior for a 5-year-old
Ray, a 5-year-old, wakes up at night saying that he saw monsters chasing him in his dreams. His parents should do all EXCEPT the following
The song is a conditioned stimulus that she still associated with the good times that she now misses
Samantha cries every time she hears a song on the radio that she and her ex-boyfriend used to enjoy. Hearing the song brings back memories of the good times they had before he broke off the relationship. How come Samantha cries when she hears the song?
Transference
Sean's client, Jacob, had quickly become unusually close to him, almost as if they were brothers. The term for this according to psychoanalytic therapy is what?
Biological
Sergio is having disturbing thoughts. His therapist suggests doing blood work to measure levels of hormones. Which perspective is Sergei's therapist using?
Detecting brain waves by means of measuring the current between electrodes place on the scalp
The electroencephalograph is a method of ______.
When the olfactory receptor is constantly stimulated, it will begin to fatigue and accommodated to the odor
The fact that you stopped smelling an essential oil at a given time is due to which of the following?
Sense, perceive
The fact that you were able to smell an essential oil is because of your olfactory _______ while your ability to identify is as a lavender scent is due to your brain's ability to ________ it as lavender.
Iconic
The flow of visual information seems smooth and continuous because of _______ memory, which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second.
Human behavior, thinking and emotion is based on what happens in the body
The phrase, "Everything psychological is biological" implies that
The means-end analysis
Tom was trying to increase his fitness so that he could join some friends on a long distance hiking trip. He is trying to determine the best exercise plan to get him to that goal. This is an example of _______.
Polygenic
Traits such as sociability and aggressiveness are thought to be ____.
Overregularization
Two-year-old Paris got excited when "gooses" crossed the sidewalk in front of her family on a walk. Her effort to regularize the irregular plural of geese is an example of _______.
Computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan
Which brain imaging technology takes several X-rays to reveal deformities in shape and structure that are connected with blood clots, tumors, and other health problems?
Psychodynamic therapies
Which methods are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud?
Diathesis-stress model
Which model of psychological disorders accounts for biological differences in individuals and explains why some people develop certain types of psychological disorders under stress while others do not?
Dopamine
Which neurotransmitter has been implicated in depression and schizophrenia?
Serotonin
Which neurotransmitter is most clearly implicated in depression?
The age of possibilities
Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is characterized by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies open before them?
The age of possibilities
Which of Jeffrey Arnett's five features of emerging adulthood is defined by people having an optimistic belief that the world lies before them?
Practical intelligence
Which of Sternberg's types of intelligence could be referred to as "street smarts"?
Life changes
Which of the following can be positive or negative, occur at irregular intervals, and create stress?
The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair
Which of the following causes Down syndrome?
It is designed to find solutions to "real life" personal or social problems
Which of the following statements is true of applied research?
Language makes it possible for one person to communicate knowledge to each other
Which of the following statements is true of language?
It is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found
Which of the following statements is true of the absolute threshold?
Children bring neurological prewiring to language learning
Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?
Intelligence
Which of these is a general mental capability that involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, thinking abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience?
Incentive
Which of these is an object, a person, or a situation that can satisfy a need or is desirable for its own sake?
Mutation
Which of these is best defined as a sudden variation in an inheritable characteristic, as distinguished from a variation that results from generations of gradual selection?
Appraisal
Which of these is the type of emotional support that provides feedback from others about how one is doing?
All colors except either red or green
Your friend Adelina tells you that she is red-green color blind. This means that she sees things in _____.
Echoic memory
________ is the sensory register that briefly holds mental representations of auditory stimuli
Activation-synthesis model
Which theory related to dreams states that acetylcholine and the pons stimulate responses that lead to dreaming?
Intrinsic
Pavel loves to play to violin. He feels best when he has played to the best of his ability. What kind of incentive make Pavel practice so he can do his best?
Conscientiousness
Misu attains high grades in her college courses and is always very organized with her materials and time. Using the Big Five Model of personality, on which trait would Misu likely score high?
Benzodiazepines
Most anti-anxiety drugs belong to the chemical class known as ______.
Unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person
Obsessions are:
Naturalistic observation
On his first day as a school psychologist, Daniel took a trip to the school ground and quietly sat in the corner watching the children play. He noticed several patterns in the way children behaved with each other, especially when they were playing games. Daniel is most likely using the method of _____
Sleep terror
One night when Denzel was four years old he was sleeping soundly in his bed when he started screaming and thrashing about. His parents rushed to his side but could never fully wake him up. The next day he had no recollection of the event. Denzel most likely experienced a(n) _______.
Mirror neurons
One of the possible explanations for why we yawn when we see others yawn is related to which of the following?
Intrinsic goal
Ophelia is in high school. She enjoys studying and does well in school. Her parents encourage her to think and act independently. Whenever she does well in an exam, she feels a sense of self-satisfaction. In this scenario, Ophelia's achievement motivation stems from a(n) _______.
Noise
Which of the following hassles is an example of environmental hassles?
Social relationships
Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and development?
Overeating
Which of the following is a risk factor for coronary heart disease?
Mina witnessed the death of her sister when she was young but cannot remember it now.
Which of the following is an illustration of the defense mechanism of repression?
Conflict
Which of the following is the feeling of being pulled in two or more directions by opposing motives?
People whose immune system is damaged may be more likely to develop cancer.
Which of the following is true of cancer?
It remembers how to battle antigens, often for years.
Which of the following is true of the immune system?
Both goals involved in these conflicts are attainable.
Which of the following statements in true of approach-approach conflicts?
It is the interference of new learning with the ability to retrieve material learned previously
Which of the following statements is true about retroactive interference?
Sympathetic nervous system
Which part of the nervous system activates the adrenal medulla, causing it to release a mixture of adrenaline and noradrenaline during the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome/
Monozygotic twins raised together
Which set of twins ill have the greatest correlation in their IQ scores?
Validity
Which term refers to the degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure?
Positively reinforced
A parent buys their child a toy in order to stop the temper tantrum they are throwing. Next time they go to the store, the child throws another tantrum and the parent buys them another toy so they stop throwing a fit. The parent's behavior of buying the child a toy has been ______.
Sleep apnea
A sleep disorder in which the person repeatedly stops breathing during sleep is called ______.
There is no other way to conduct the research to support the hypothesis and participants are debriefed afterward
According to the American Psychological Association's Handbooks of Ethics in Psychology, which of the following criteria must be met for psychologists to use deception in their experiments?
Of physical discomfort
According to your text, older adults sleep less because
Sensory (positive) adaptation
After moving to Nebraska, Bobbi did not notice any distracting sounds. As time passed she became more and more aware of the loud chirping of cicadas in her back yard. What is this an example of?
Hippocampus
Alicia was recently in a car accident. Since then, she cannot retain memories of events that occurred after the accident. However, she can recall events that took place before the accident. She recognizes her family and friends and important dates, such as her birthday and her marriage anniversary, but has to be constantly reintroduced to the new people in her life. Alicia has most likely sustained damage to her ____.
True
Cochlear implants contain microphones that sense sounds and electronic equipment that transmits sounds past damaged hair cells to stimulate the auditory nerve. True or False?
Cerebellum
During a sobriety test, individuals are asked to walk in a straight line. This test evaluates if alcohol has impaired the part of the brain associated with balance. This is the _____
Receptor site
Each kind of neurotransmitter has a unique chemical structure, and each can fit into a specifically tailored harbor, also known as a ____.
Substance use disorder
In the context of altering consciousness through drugs, which disorder is characterized by loss of control over consumption, social impairment, risky use, and tolerance and withdrawal symptoms?
Reinforcement
In the context of operant conditioning, when you keep posting comments in social media to receive more "likes," this is an example of _______.
The survey method
Julie's research work requires her to interview a sample of 200 people within two months. She needs to gather data about the sample group's attitude toward certain situations through a questionnaire, but she has limited time to gather the information. Which of the following methods should Julie use to gather the required information?
Split brain
Labib has been having severe epileptic seizures since a very young age. His seizures have become less frequent since he underwent an operation. However, he has problems expressing what he feels. When he feels happy, his facial expressions often show anger. Labib has most likely undergone a(n) __________ operation.
Participants may inaccurately represent their true beliefs or behaviors
One of the problems associated with the accuracy of surveys is
The food is the unconditioned stimulus; Komi salivating is the unconditioned response
Prior to conditioning, Komi salivates in response to lasagna being placed in his mouth. Using classical conditioning terms, which is the correct labeling of stimuli and responses in this situation?
90 minutes
The average amount of time it takes to complete each cycle through the stages of NREM and REM sleep lasts _____