psy 201 final review

The average amount of time it takes to complete each cycle through the stages of NREM sleep and REM sleep lasts about

90 minutes.

Patricia, a three-year-old girl, is having dinner. She looks at her father and says, "I eated food." In this scenario, Patricia is exhibiting ________.

overregularization

Two-year old Paris got excited when "gooses" crossed the sidewalk in front of her family on a walk. Her effort to regularize the irregular plural of geese is an example of ________.

overregularization

Which best characterizes Howard Gardner's view of intelligence?

"Intelligence is three-pronged—with analytical, creative, and practical components

Which of the following statements is true of approach-approach conflicts?

Both goals involved in these conflicts are attainable.

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?

Children bring neurological prewiring to language learning.

What is a schedule of reinforcement in which every correct response is reinforced

Continuous reinforcement

A person with antisocial personality disorder would exhibit which of the following behaviors?

Do something to hurt someone's feelings and not feel any regret for their actions

In the context of the brain's language functions, identify the correct statement.

People with Wernicke's aphasia usually speak freely and with proper syntax.

Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of ________.

dopamine

According to Arnett, which of the following is not a contributing factor to the relatively new concept of emerging adulthood?

global economy

A mental shortcut, or rule of thumb, for solving problems is called a(n) ________.

heuristic

What kind of visual stimuli do two-month-olds have the largest preference for?

human faces

If you tend to believe that you can influence when you receive reinforcers, where is your locus of control?

internal

Pavel loves to play the violin. He feels best when he has played to the best of his ability. What kind of incentive makes Pavel practice so he can do his best?

intrinsic

Biofeedback training, behavior modification, and programmed learning are all applications of__________.

operant conditioning

The speed with which one can compare figures and symbols is known as _______________.

perceptual speed

A parent buys their child a toy in order to stop the temper tantrum they are throwing. Next time they go to the store, the child throws another tantrum and the parent buys them another toy so they stop throwing a fit. The parent's behavior of buying the child a toy has been _______.

positively reinforced

Which of the following is a focus of Erikson's theory of personality and development?

social relationships

Which part of the nervous system activates the adrenal medulla, causing it to release a mixture of adrenaline and noradrenaline during the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

sympathetic nervous system

Tom was trying to increase his fitness so that he could join some friends on a long-distance hiking trip. He is trying to determine the best exercise plan to get him to that goal. This is an example of ________.

the means-end analysis

As she was listening to her psychology professor discuss ways to improve memory, Ebony thought of different ways she could apply the suggestions to herself. Later that day she was trying to recall the different techniques, but she could only recall the first couple. This reflects ___________.

the serial-position effect

Bobbie spilled water accidentally on her father's computer, but contrary to Bobbie's expectations, they did not get grounded. Their father acknowledged that it was a mistake and assured Bobbie that he still loved her, despite the unfortunate incident. Bobbie's father's response is an example of _____.

unconditional positive regard

Obsessions are:

unwanted thoughts that persistently preoccupy a person.

Charles Whitman was called the Texas Tower murderer. He was a student who went to the University of Texas at Austin in the late 1960s. One day, for unexplained reasons, he climbed the tower in the middle of the campus and began randomly shooting people. He had to be killed. Upon autopsy, it was found that there was evidence of abnormal activity in his _____.

amygdala

Branimira has been sober for 14 years. When she shares her story in her group therapy session, what advantage of group therapy benefits the other members?

Her improvement gives them hope.

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

money

Which of the following statements is true of the scientific method?

Psychologists are guided by principles of critical thinking as they try to draw conclusions from research evidence collected through the scientific method.

Dr. Nadine Burke Harris and her colleagues have studies how childhood stressors can lead to physical and psychological problems well into adulthood. The stressors are known as

adverse childhood experiences

Which of these is the type of emotional support that provides feedback from others about how one is doing?

appraisal

If you encoded and properly stored the list of words Professor Schwiesow had you remember in class, they should now be in your long term memory you should be able to retrieve them. Identify a word that was NOT included in this list.

baby

Pathogens, injuries, age, gender, and a family history of disease may strike us as the most obvious causes of illness are examples of which of the following?

biological factors

Bettina has schizophrenia and exhibits symptoms of hallucinations, delusions, lack of emotional expression, and social withdrawal. Bettina exhibits __________.

both positive and negative symptoms

We are generally more likely to appreciate what we must work to obtain. Which theory best explains this behavior?

drive-reduction

Mr. Rupp's memory has always been spectacular. He can see an image, like a painting or a page in a book, and recall exactly all of the details of either one. Mr. Rupp's ability to remember these specific details is known as _________.

eidetic imagery

Sanchez, an eight-year-old boy, suffers from unpredictable panic attacks and constantly talks to his imaginary friends. His mother confesses to the family doctor, "I probably drank too much alcohol during pregnancy and caused damage to Sanchez's brain." Which model of psychological disorders is forwarded by this statement?

medical model

Dzianis has a client with a phobia of dogs. He shows his client how to safely interact with dogs in a controlled setting to help reduce his fear. Which method did Dzianis use?

modeling

The Heinz dilemma is used to determine what level of development you are in _________________.

morally

According to your text, older adults sleep less because

physical discomfort

In his clinical practice, Dr. Lee believes that the draw-a-person test (DAP) is an excellent way to discover some of his patients' mental health issues. The DAP requires you to draw a person, for instance, your mother or significant other. This type of test would be considered a(n) __________.

projective test

Marci would describe almost a perfect person whenever her friends would ask her who she thought was her ideal life partner. This "perfect" person would be a(n) ________.

prototype

Which methods are based on the thinking of Sigmund Freud?

psychodynamic therapies

The practice of mindfulness meditation has been shown to do all EXCEPT which of the following?

raise one's IQ

The fact that you were able to smell an essential oil is because of your olfactory ________ while your ability to identify it as a lavender scent is due to your brain's ability to ____________ it as lavender.

sense, perceive

Lula is an infant and constantly explores her universe by putting everything into her mouth. What stage would Piaget say she is in?

sensorimotor

In the classic story of Pinocchio, Jiminy Cricket acts as Pinocchio's conscience. He helps tell him what he should and shouldn't do, guiding him in positive moral decisions. What part of the Freudian psyche does Jiminy Cricket represent?

superego

When compared to hypnosis, Sigmund Freud found __________ to be a more gradual method of breaking through the walls of defense that block a client's insight into unconscious processes.

free association

Due to repeated exposure to media violence, viewers' sensitivity to violence may decrease. This is called ______________ .

habituation

Which of these is best defined as a sudden variation in an inheritable characteristic, as distinguished from a variation that results from generations of gradual selection?

mutation

According to Selye's theory, if the alarm reaction mobilizes the body and the related stressor is not removed, which stage of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

resistance

Motives are ________.

seen directly

According to behaviorists, personality is formed by __________.

situational or environmental influences

According to the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers, he defines this as the center of e

the self

Mary Ainsworth used this infamous experiment to assess attachment styles between infants and caregivers:

the strange situation

Derris's mom used to give him gold stars on their refrigerator whenever he would help out around the house. If Derris earned enough gold stars, then he could have some ice cream after dinner. This type of reward system is called a ________.

token economy

According to Freud, which of the following is true of the ego?

It stands for rational ways of coping with frustration.

Which of the following causes Down syndrome?

The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair.

According to the American Psychological Association's Handbooks of Ethics in Psychology, which of the following criteria must be met for psychologists to use deception in their experiments?

There is no other way to conduct the research to support the hypothesis and participants are debriefed afterward.

The personal fable and imaginary audience both stem from _______.

egocentrism

In order for Tonya to stop smoking, her therapist laced her cigarettes with incense that smelled horrifically. What is the name of the technique that Tonya's therapist is using?

aversive conditioning

George composed an entire symphony during three weeks of intense, creative energy. During that time, his speech was unusually rapid, he did not seem to need much sleep, and he thought his symphony would be one of the greatest ever written. This pattern of behavior suggests that George may suffer from ______.

bipolar disorder

Mirin would spank her daughter when she would chew food with her mouth open. After several instances of poor table manners, her daughter starts avoiding the kitchen table. In this example, the table is a(n) ________.

conditioned stimulus

During a severe panic attack, the amount of this specific stress hormone found in saliva will increase.

cortisol

Steve's physician has prescribed him valium for his anxiety attacks. This drug will ________

depress the activity of the central nervous system

Which model of psychological disorders accounts for biological differences in individuals and explains why some people develop certain types of psychological disorders under stress while others do not?

diathesis-stress model

Christopher is skilled at problem solving and possesses broad reasoning abilities. According to Charles Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of ________.

general intelligence

The flow of visual information seems smooth and continuous because of __________ memory, which can hold visual stimuli for up to a second.

iconic

As we age and reach our late 30's to mid-40's, what structure in our eyes tends to have difficulty accommodating?

lens