PSY 202 - Quiz 3

Dr. Ellison finds a relation between the amount of sleep and problem solving. Specifically, having a higher amount of sleep the night before an exam is associated with higher scores on two measures of problem solving. This is an example of which type of association? a) negative association b) positive association c) zero association d) causal association

b) positive association

A type I error is known as which of the following a) a false positive b) a false negative c) a near miss d) a missed opportunity

a) a false positive

You read a news article titled, "New Drug Reduces OCD Symptoms in Mice" about a recent scientific study. To evaluate whether the title's claim is supported, you should do which of the following? a) Ensure that the authors attempted to maximize Type II error b) Research the frequency of OCD in mice c) Check whether the authors established covariance, temporal precedence, and internal validity. d) Ask yourself whether the implication makes intuitive sense

c) Check whether the authors established covariance, temporal precedence, and internal validity.

Which of the following allow us to make strong predictions using association claims? a) strong positive associations b) strong negative associations c) both strong positive associations and strong negative associations d) neither strong positive associations nor strong negative associations

c) both strong positive associations and strong negative associations

Dr. Hadden wants to conduct a study that will allow him to make claims that apply to all college students. Which of the following validities is he prioritizing? a) the statistical validity of the study b) the internal validity of the study c) the construct validity of the study d) the external validity of the study

d) the external validity of the study

Which of the following is an association claim? a) "Owning a dog is related to higher life satisfaction" b) "A majority of Americans like dogs" c) "Dog traveled 500 miles to find its owners" d) "Being visited by dogs in the hospital causes decreases in recovery time"

a) "Owning a dog is related to higher life satisfaction"

Which of the following could be an independent variable in a causal claim? a) one that is manipulated b) one that is measured c) one that is kept constant d) one that has one level

a) one that is manipulated

When examining the statistical validity of a frequency claim, one should look for the: a) strength of the association b) margin of error estimate c) statistical significance d) length of the measurement

b) margin of error estimate

A common finding in the study of aggression is that exposure to television is associated with increased aggressive behavior in children. You know this relationship may not be causal because you are not sure which occurred first: watching television or being aggressive. You are questioning which of the following rules of causation? a) the criterion of covariance b) the criterion of temporal precedence c) the third-variable criterion d) the criterion of external validity

b) the criterion of temporal precedence

To evaluate how well a study supports a frequency claim, you need to focus most on evaluating which of the following valdities? a) Construct validity and external validity b) Statistical validity and external validity c) Internal validity and external validity d) Internal validity and construct validity

a) Construct validity and external validity