Psy 220 Research Methods Quiz 4 (Ch 8&9)

In APA style when you use a first or second level heading do you put the words in: Question options: a) Bold b) All capital letters c) Italics d) Flush right

A) Bold

(Table 1) Dr. Lonsbary is considering doing a follow-up study in which instead of asking participants to listen to music to induce mood, she has them write a story about a character who just won the lottery or a story about a character who just experienced the death of their spouse. This change in the mood variable is designed to enhance the study's: Question options: a) External validity b) Statistical validity c) Internal validity d) Construct validity e) None of the above

A) External validity

Which of these is correct? Question options: a) Jones and Jones (2000) think people are great b) Jones & Jones (2000) think people are great c) Psychologists think some people are great (Jones and Jones, 2000) d) Both a and c e) All of the above

A) Jones and Jones (2000) think people are great.

(Table 1) Which of the following allows Dr. Lonsbary to conclude that she met the covariance rule for causality? Question options: a) Noting that there is a difference between the number of words recalled by the happy and neutral people b) Having people listen to music or silence before they wrote down the list of words they remembered c) Making sure that all participants were asked to remember the same list of words d) Both a and b e) Both b and c

A) Noting that there is a difference between the number of words recalled by the happy and neutral people

Which one of the following is NOT a type of order effect? Question options: a) Reactive effect b) Practice effect c) Fatigue effect d) Carryover effect

A) Reactive effect

(Table 1) Dr. Lonsbary's decision to randomly assign participants to the three groups was done to avoid which of the following? Question options: a) An order effect b) A selection effect c) A practice effect d) A carryover effect e) A reaction effect

B) A selection effect

(Table 1) Which of the following allows Dr. Lonsbary to conclude that she met the temporal precedence rule for causality? Question options: a) Noting that there is a difference between the number of words recalled by the happy and neutral people b) Having people listen to music or silence before they wrote down the list of words they remembered c) Making sure that all participants were asked to remember the same list of words d) Both a and b e) Both b and c

B) Having people listen to music or silence before they wrote down the list of words they remembered

A researcher designed an experiment to test the effects of a top‑secret vitamin supplement on the strength of weight‑lifters. Lifting heavy books would not be a useful measure of strength because book lifting: Question options: a) cannot be measured b) is not a sensitive enough measure of strength. c) is subject to a floor effect. d) is a behavioral measure. e) is too subjective (i.e. books weights aren't standard)

B) Is not a sensitive enough measure of strength

A psychologist is interested to know which of two sorting techniques leads to better memory performance in 6‑year‑olds. Each participant first sorts a set of pictures any way he or she would like. Recall is then tested. After this, each participant is required to sort an equivalent set of pictures into five predetermined categories. Recall for the items in this test is then tested. What procedure does this study represent? Question options: a) Matched random assignment b) Repeated measures c) Simple random assignment d) Independent groups e) Combined assignment

B) Repeated measures

(Table 1) How many conditions/levels of the independent variable were in Dr. Lonsbary's study? Question options: a) Two b) Three c) Five d) Nine e) Twenty-five

B) Three

While Leo is performing a cognitive task, a researcher uses a physiological measure that scans various areas of his brain. The researcher is most likely using a: Question options: a) electrocardiogram b) galvanic skin response c) functional MRI d) cognitive task inventory e) electromyogram

C) Functional MRI

(Table 1) What type of design did Dr. Lonsbary use in her study? Question options: a) Matched-group design b) Within-groups design c) Independent-groups design d) Pretest/posttest design e) Concurrent measures design

C) Independent-groups design

When a confound is discovered in an experiment, Question options: a) internal validity can be assumed b) external validity can be assumed c) internal validity is challenged d) external validity is challenged

C) Internal validity is challenged

(Table 1) Which of the following is an independent variable in Dr. Lonsbary's study? Question options: a) Number of groups participants were assigned to b) Feeling happy c) Participant's mood d) Type of card drawn e) None of the above

C) Participant's mood

(Table 1) Prior to conducting the current study, Dr. Lonsbary asked her research assistant to use the same mood manipulation with a sample of 30 college students to determine if people's moods really did change after listening to the music. This preliminary study is known as a: Question options: a) Pretest/posttest study b) Repeated measures study c) Pilot study d) Pretest-only study e) All of the above

C) Pilot study

(Table 1) Which of the following provides information about the statistical differences found in Dr. Lonsbary's study? Question options: a) The sources of Dr. Lonsbary's participants b) The method of random assignment c) The reported p value d) The number of people in each group e) The mood reported by the participants

C) The reported p value

(Table 1) Which of the following is a control in Dr. Lonsbary's study? Question options: a) The number of words on the word list b) The amount of time allowed for remembering/writing the words c) The amount of time allowed for memorizing the words d) All of the above e) None of the above

D) All of the above

(Table 1) In Dr. Lonsbary's study, which of the following types of groups exists? Question options: a) Control group b) Treatment group c) Placebo group d) Both a and b e) All of the above

D) Both a and b

(Table 1) Dr. Lonsbary's study asked participants to report on their mood before completing the memory test. Dr. Lonsbary's decision to include this step was done to address the study's: Question options: a) External validity b) Statistical validity c) Internal validity d) Construct validity e) None of the above

D) Construct validity

(Table 1) Prior to conducting the current study, Dr. Lonsbary asked her research assistant to use the same mood manipulation with a sample of 30 college students to determine if people's moods really did change after listening to the music. Running this preliminary study helps establish which of the following? Question options: a) External validity b) Statistical validity c) Internal validity d) Construct validity e) None of the above

D) Construct validity

Rachel is interested in math skills of boys versus girls in the sixth grade. She administers a series of math problems to both groups and asks them to solve as many problems as they can within a 15-minute period. She finds that both groups were only able to answer 2% of the problems. Rachel's results may be due to a _____ effect. Question options: a) performance b) maximum c) ceiling d) floor e) reactive

D) Floor

(Table 1) Dr. Lonsbary's study contains which of the following techniques designed to address a threat to construct validity? Question options: a) Counterbalancing b) A placebo group c) A demand characteristic d) Random sampling e) A manipulation check

E) A manipulation check

(Table 1) Which of the following should Dr. Lonsbary conclude from her study? Question options: a) Being in a mood other than neutral causes people to have a better memory. b) Listening to music can cause changes in mood. c) Being in a happy mood does not cause more of a change in memory than being in a sad mood. d) Both a and c can be concluded. e) All of the above can be concluded.

E) All of the above can be concluded

Which one of the following is a behavioral measure? An investigator measures: Question options: a) the number of times a person "sniffs" with his nose when placed in a pleasant smelling environment during a 15-minute period b) the time it takes a receptionist to answer the telephone c) how long a conversation lasts between a participant and a confederate d) how quickly a person can recite the alphabet after consuming various amounts of alcohol e) All of these

E) All of these

(Table 1) Which of the following is a dependent variable in Dr. Lonsbary's study? a) Number of words on the list b) Number of groups participants were assigned to c) Time given to remember the words d) Time given to memorize the words e) Number of words remembered

E) Number of words remembered

(Table 1) Dr. Lonsbary is a cognitive psychologist who is curious about how mood affects memory. She recruited 60 high school students and divided them into three groups. One group (A) listened to a 5-minute piece of music intended to make them feel happy (a song entitled "Don't Worry, Be Happy"). One group (B) listened to a 5-minute piece of music intended to make them feel sad (a song entitled "Alone Again"). One group (C) listened to no music and instead was asked to sit quietly for 5 minutes (thought to make them feel neutral). When a participant would come to her laboratory, she would greet the participant and then ask him or her to draw a card. If the participant drew a 1, 2, or 3, he or she was assigned to Group A. If the participant drew a 4, 5, or 6, he or she was assigned to Group B. If a participant drew a 7, 8, or 9, he or she was assigned to Group C. The participants were then given a CD to listen to based on their group assignment. The CD contained the song selection or 5 minutes of silence. There were no identifying marks on the CD indicating what was contained on the disc. They were then escorted into a different room, where they were greeted by a research assistant who conducted the experiment. The research assistant sat the participants in front of a computer screen and told them that a list of 25 words would be displayed on the screen. They were instructed to put the CD in the computer, put on the headphones, and listen to the CD while trying to memorize the list of words. When 5 minutes had passed, the screen displayed a question asking them whether they felt happy, sad, or neutral. After the participant responded, a new screen was displayed asking them to type in all the words they could remember from the list of 25 words. All participants were given 3 minutes to type the words they remembered. In addition, all participants were given the same list of 25 words to remember. Afterward, the participant was thanked and dismissed. In response to the mood question, a majority of Group A participants said they were happy, a majority of Group B participants said they were sad, and a majority of Group C participants said they were neutral in their mood. Dr. Lonsbary found the following results in response to the number of words remembered. Group A (Happy) Group B (Sad) Group C (Neutral) Number of Words Remembered 16 14 9 Groups A and B vs. Group C Statistically significant difference p = .05 Group A vs. Group C Statistically significant difference p = .03 Group B vs. Group C Statistically significant difference p = .04 Group A vs. Group B No statistically significant difference p = .24

Table 1