PSY 230 Ch. 1-5 EXAM 1

During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children from ages _____ pin down the basics of _____.

0 to 2; physical reality through their senses

About _____ percent of pregnancies end in miscarriage.

1 in 10

In the visual cortex, the axons are myelinated by _____ of age.

1 year

Josephine has just given birth without a spouse. According to recent statistics, her infant joins the ranks of the roughly _____ percent of U.S. babies born to unmarried women.

33

A preterm baby is one born before week _____ of the mother's pregnancy.

37

Children usually begin to initiate past-talk conversations at about age of:

4-5 yrs

As the brain develops, about _____ percent of its synapses are pruned.

40

Newborns have a visual acuity of 20/_____.

400

Every cell, with the exception of sperm and ova, contains _____ chromosomes.

46

The brain almost doubles in size from month _____ to month _____.

4;7

The transition from preattachment to attachment in the making occurs at about _____ months of age; the transition to clear-cut attachment then takes place at about _____ months of age.

4;7

Samantha and her husband recently divorced. This is not unusual, because _____ percent of marriages are likely to end in divorce.

50

How many babies die each year as a result of being very premature?

500,000

The United States ranks _____ in infant mortality rates.

55th

Children know about 10,000 words by age:

6

Early childhood generally ends at age _____, whereas middle childhood ends at age _____.

6;12

Shelly is a home-school advocate and has taught her own children for the past 7 years. Currently, her youngest is 6 years old. Right now, "school" centers around play, reading to her daughter, and field trips. Shelly believes that real school work should begin around age _____ because this is the age when children enter concrete operations.

7

At what age does separation anxiety typically emerge?

7 months

It takes the ovum _____ hours to travel to the uterus.

72

By _____ months of age, infants lose their ability to hear sound tones in languages that are not their own.

8

Infants appear able to make judgments about other people's motivations as early as _____ months of age.

8

The textbook suggests that the stereotype of the frail, dependent older adult is actually likely to apply only to the old-old; that is, people who are _____ years of age or older.

80

National surveys indicate that of all day-care workers, _____ report considerable stress.

About half

When did researchers begin to study the aging process?

After WW2

The earliest date at which a baby can possibly live outside the womb is the:

Age of viability

The period during prenatal development when the major body structures form is the _____ stage.

Embryonic

_____ believe that social cognitive capacity puts humans at an advantage to other species.

Evolutionary theorists

_____ happens at the union of a sperm and egg.

Fertilization

_____ established the first institute in the United States devoted to studying child development in the _____.

G. Stanley Hall; 1890s

The language rules for communicating in sentences are called:

Grammar

An example of a developing world nation is:

Haiti

The federal program that provides free high-quality preschool specifically to low-income children in the United States is called:

Head start

Which genetic disorder is correctly classified as dominant, recessive, or sex-linked?

Huntington's disease—dominant

Since the 1970s, the number-one economic problem in the United States has been:

Income inequality

"Whoooooo's a good doggie? Goooooood doggie! The best doggie-woggie!" Raina exclaims, addressing her puppy in sing-song fashion. Raina's exclamations BEST illustrate:

Infant-directed speech

Which is the MOST important advantage of attending a high-quality preschool?

It gives children a cognitive boost.

From an evolutionary point of view, why might toddlers suddenly start to avoid unfamiliar foods?

It is a protective mechanism to prevent poisoning.

Which statement about the Lamaze method is false?

It results in a pain-free birth.

Attachment theory was formulated by:

John Bowlby

_____ is an ideal parenting strategy involving empathically responding to and labeling a young child's feelings, and treating even infants respectfully, like "real people."

Mind-mindedness

One dose-response study (Berry et al., 2016) found a _____ correlation between the number of hours poverty-level 1-year-olds spent in day care and their cortisol levels.

Negative

Gerontology is BEST defined as the scientific study of:

Older adults and the aging process

The _____ is an almond-shaped organ where a woman's egg cells are located.

Ovary

A woman's egg cell is called a(n):

Ovum

Which statement regarding temperament is false?

People can easily change their temperament.

The prenatal test chorionic villus sampling involves sampling a piece of the _____ during the _____ trimester of pregnancy

Placenta; first

In each brain region, extensive synaptogenesis is followed by:

Pruning

According to _____ theory, excellent parenting contributes to the development of a strong ego, which leads to the development of a healthy adult personality.

Psychoanalytic

Jaden is a newborn. One can expect the volume of her brain to _____ by the time Jaden celebrates her fourth birthday.

Quadruple

Sandra is a very busy mom with three children who are very successful in school. She tries to remember to praise them for their accomplishments, but she occasionally forgets to do so. The children are experiencing what B. F. Skinner would call:

variable reinforcement

Which factor has no effect on a child's attachment security at age 1?

whether the primary caregiver is a mom or dad

The basic premise of the 1960s natural-childbirth movement was that women should be able to have their babies:

without drugs or extensive medical interventions.

Parents who use power assertion:

yell, scream, or hit their children.

What is the main problem with picking up a baby every time he or she cries at night?

The child may not learn to self-soothe.

Who determines the baby's sex?

The father

Which statement about newborns' visual preferences is false?

They prefer to look at fathers instead of mothers.

In the United States, poverty is currently MOST prevalent among:

Young children

A fertilized ovum is called a:

Zygote

Implantation involves:

a blastocyst embedding in the uterine wall.

Neuroimaging studies suggest theory-of-mind abilities depend on:

a certain level of frontal-lobe development.

The text suggests that by the turn of the current century, the problem of women dying during childbirth had been "all but conquered." In 1997, for instance, only _____ women in all of the United States died while giving birth.

a few hundred

Who is LEAST likely to breast-feed her child?

a low-income woman who goes back to work

Couvade is the term for:

a man's feeling of morning sickness during his partner's pregnancy.

Compared to other developed nations, the United States has a(n) _____ infant mortality rate.

high

People who stay in longitudinal studies tend to be:

highly motivated and successful.

The contemporary field of lifespan development is BEST defined as the study of

human growth from birth to death.

Autism spectrum disorder is NOT associated with:

hyperactivity

Sixteen-year-old Bethany is struggling with whom she wants to be. According to Erikson, Bethany is facing the developmental task of:

identity

From age 2 to age 4, children's ability to listen to their conscience:

improves dramatically.

Exposure to harmful substances can affect the developing brain:

in the second and third trimesters.

Co-sleeping may:

increase the likelihood of SIDS.

Suppose a researcher manipulates the placement, duration, and frequency of a set of advertisements appearing on a social media platform. Because they are manipulated, the ads' placement, duration, and frequency are _____ variables in the researcher's investigations.

independent

What is the middle-childhood psychosocial task, according to Erikson?

industry

According to Erikson's stage theory, the development of initiative follows that of _____ and precedes that of _____.

industry; autonomy

The Strange Situation is a research procedure used to assess:

infant attachment.

With respect to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, testing our talents is to learning to work as _____ is to _____.

initiative; industry

Four-year-old Jose just received a game that involves placing foam numbers into a template. As Jose looks for where each number belongs, his mother notices that he is mumbling "eight," "six," and so forth. Jose is showing what Vygotsky called _____ to master this task.

inner speech

According to Vygotsky, thinking is a form of:

inner speech.

In Freud's theory of personality, id is to superego as _____ is to _____.

instinct; morality

Which is NOT a good suggestion for socializing a child?

assert your power: You are the parent

Piaget believed that mental growth occurs through:

assimilation and accommodation

The so-called terrible twos are a result of a toddler's developing:

autonomy

Genetic tendencies shape the environments to which people are exposed during life. Nature shapes nurture through both _____ and _____ forces.

evocative; active

Because he argued that the attachment response is genetically programmed to promote survival, John Bowlby was an early:

evolutionary psychologist

Exemplifying _____ play, a group of children are playing tag in their schoolyard in their lunch hour.

exercise

Marquis is 4 years old. In Erikson's view, Marquis's current "mission" is MOST likely to

exercise his body and mind.

Which of these is NOT a threat to the baby at birth?

expulsion of the placenta

Symptoms of _____ include low birth weight, a small brain, and facial abnormalities.

fetal alcohol syndrome

Describing the celebration of pregnancy milestones, the opening section of Chapter 2 notes that "in Bulgaria, the first kick was the signal for a woman to bake bread." The developing baby's first kick occurs during the _____ period of prenatal development and is called the _____.

fetal; quickening

Compared to boys, preschool girls are usually superior at _____ motor skills.

fine but not gross

Timmy has just mastered the _____ motor skill of cutting a circular shape from a rectangular piece of paper. Timmy is MOST likely _____ years old at the youngest.

fine; 4

Marisol's grandmother recalls that she and Marisol's grandfather adhered to their faith's disapproval of birth control. To avoid conception, the couple refrained from intercourse:

for approximately 2 weeks following menstruation.

Throughout history, cultures made special efforts to keep pregnant women calm and happy. Which choice correctly pairs a culture with the good luck charm used to keep evil spirits away during pregnancy?

garlic-filled sack—Guatemala

Due to advances in _____, people can now find out whether they carry the genes for certain illnesses.

genetic testing

Which is the BEST child-rearing strategy to adopt with a temperamentally fearful toddler?

gently push the child into a few stressful situations

The shortest stage of prenatal development is called the _____ stage, whereas the longest is called the _____ stage.

germinal;fetal

Inhibited toddlers can be expected to do all of these EXCEPT:

get excited when presented with something new.

The primary risk with smoking during pregnancy involves:

giving birth to a smaller-than-normal baby.

The frantic, continual newborn crying called "colic" typically:

goes away after the first 3 months.

Preferential-looking studies show that babies' understanding of physical reality actually emerges:

gradually beginning at a young age.

Zack is 4 years old and can do cartwheels, back flips, back-hand springs, and one-handed cart wheels. He has had no formal training to develop these _____ motor skills.

gross

Undernutrition impairs the development of:

gross and fine motor skills.

The talents involved in running, jumping, and climbing are _____ skills.

gross motor

At first baby Madeline is interested in the mobile her mother hangs from her crib. Then she becomes bored; she fidgets and looks around. Madeline is experiencing _____, the predictable loss of interest that develops once a stimulus becomes familiar.

habituation

Undernourished children tend to:

have impaired physical and social skills.

When their caregiver re-enters a room after being separated, babies with an anxious-ambivalent attachment style:

have trouble being soothed.

As compared to boys' play, the play of girls is MORE likely to:

involve the use of toys usually associated with the other gender.

Which of these is NOT an example of a self-conscious emotion?

joy

What gives humans the ability to engage in social cognition?

language

Chomsky believed that language is biologically part of being human. His term for the hypothetical brain structure that allows the human species to learn language is the _____ device.

language acquisition

Research with infant rats suggests that _____ as a baby may insulate a person from stress as an adult.

lavish loving and stroking

In selecting a good day-care center, parents should do everything EXCEPT:

look for frequent staff turnover to ensure that a child's primary attachment is to mom and dad.

Mrs. King's labor is not progressing, so her doctor recommends a cesarean section. The doctor will be:

making an incision in the abdominal wall and the uterus and removing the fetus manually.

Professor Cook does qualitative research, which means that she is not interested in _____ but in conducting _____.

making numerical comparisons between groups; in-depth interviews

When William Corsaro went undercover as a member of a preschool class, he found that preschool play plots:

often centered on mastering upsetting events.

Of U.S. children under the age of 6, nearly _____ are poor or near-poor.

one-half

Autism spectrum disorder is MOST often treated using:

operant conditioning.

With respect to hormones, love is to stress as _____ is to _____.

oxytocin; cortisol

Who cares for MOST U.S. infants and toddlers during the day?

parents and other relatives

For a baby with a difficult temperament:

particularly sensitive caregiving can promote a secure attachment.

Overregularization shows an incorrect knowledge of _____, while overextensions show that the child doesn't understand _____.

plurals and past tenses; verbal labels

By randomly assigning people to different conditions in an experiment, a researcher ensures that:

pre-existing differences between the participants "wash out."

During development, normative changes are _____ life transitions, whereas non-normative changes are _____ transitions.

predictable; unpredictable

Children's transition from pretending to playing more structured, rule-governed games and sports coincides with the transition from _____ to _____ thought in Piaget's theory of cognitive development.

preoperational; concrete operational

Humans begin to develop an autobiographical memory, which is the sense that they have a personal past history as well as ongoing selves, during:

preschool

According to Erik Erikson, each life stage has a particular:

pyschosocial task

Research strategies that involve comparing groups of people and statistical analyses are called _____; research strategies that involve in-depth interviews are called _____.

quantitative; qualitative

In the United States, the occurrence of stunting and undernutrition is:

rare

Income inequality refers to the gap between the:

rich and poor within a nation.

During childhood, boys and girls are:

roughly the same size.

According to gender _____ theory, children selectively attend to the activities of their own sex when they understand that they belong to a particular gender category.

schema

In Piaget's theory, _____ circular reactions appear at about 4 months of age, when an infant becomes aware of the wider world of objects beyond its own body.

secondary

Shelly is 6 months old and has started grabbing for toys. She is demonstrating:

secondary circular reactions.

Ghadia joyfully runs to her primary caregiver after being separated. Ghadia is showing a(n) _____ attachment.

secure

During Erikson's autonomy stage in the second and third years of life, children become:

self-aware

The Strange Situation involves repeatedly:

separating and reuniting the child with the primary caregiver.

Based on textbook's discussion of the results of a Dutch survey, which of these toddler behaviors should truly worry a parent?

showing no interest in a new object

As compared to levels of anxiety and depression among people in general, levels of anxiety and depression among pregnant women are:

similar, but they appear to be rising in recent decades.

Baby Lydia is having her 1-year checkup. As the pediatrician puts the stethoscope on Lydia's chest, she looks to her mother to see if the situation is safe. Baby Lydia is showing:

social referencing.

When Stacey tells her 2-year-old daughter to say "please" and "thank you," Stacey is trying to:

socialize her daughter.

As a new elementary school teacher, Chloe is trying to figure out how to be a more effective scaffolder. Which recommendation would NOT help her?

stick to the recommended curriculum for every child

When baby Rodrigo's mother touches his lips, he suckles his mother's finger. Rodrigo is showing the _____ reflex.

sucking

Early Head Start:

supports low-income pregnant women, infants, and toddlers.

Which of these is NOT characteristic of toddlers?

suprising patience

The formation of connections between neurons is called _____, whereas the formation of a fatty layer encasing the neurons of axons is called _____.

synaptogenesis; myelination

One problem with Piaget's ideas is that his theory does NOT include _____ playing a role in cognitive development.

teaching

Vygotsky emphasized the vital importance of _____ in propelling children's mental growth.

teaching

Baby Abigail is 20 months old and uses two-word combinations. She is using:

telegraphic speech

One-year-old Sally throws food from her high chair just to see where it lands. According to Piaget's framework, this is an example of a _____ reaction.

tertiary circle

The male structure called the _____ is comparable to the ovaries in females.

testes

Harry Harlow's research with isolation-reared monkeys showed that:

the behaviorist idea that one gets attached through being fed was wrong.

The social-interactionist perspective on language learning emphasizes that:

the desire to communicate with each other promotes developing language.

An experiment conducted with children who had been living in Romanian orphanages revealed that _____ could develop a secure attachment.

the majority of children who had spent 20 months or less in the orphanage

Ingrid fills out a questionnaire to examine her attitudes toward child discipline. Ingrid's example BEST illustrates a measurement technique called:

the self-report strategy.

The 1960s "Decade of Protest" was defined by:

the sexual revolution and the civil rights movement.

One research strategy used to demonstrate depth perception is:

the visual cliff

Health-care professionals date the pregnancy from:

the woman's last menstrual cycle.

The difference between what children can do and what they can potentially do is:

the zone of proximal development.

Which force is MOST important in predicting children's cognitive and emotional development during the first 5 years of life?

their relationship with primary caregivers

Autobiographical memory begins to develop at about the same time as:

theory of mind.

Diana realizes that her mother does not know the thoughts inside her head. As a result, she has recently started lying. Diana has developed _____ and is roughly _____ years old.

theory-of-mind abilities; 4

When Piaget said that children progress through qualitatively different stages of intellectual development, he meant that:

there are fundamental differences in how children of different ages reason.

According to one study cited in the textbook, one in _____ parents label their toddlers as having problematic behavior that was "off the charts."

three

The "enrichment expenditures" between the richest 20 percent and the poorest 20 percent of families in the amount they spend on intellectually stimulating activities for their children have _____ since the early 1970s.

tripled

In 2020, a baby is born in the United States. At the same moment, a baby is born in Sweden. All else being equal, as compared to the likelihood that the baby born in the United States will live to celebrate its first birthday, the corresponding probability for the baby born in Sweden will be:

twice as high

One in _____ mothers return to work during their babies' first year of life.

two

Collaborative pretend play involves _____ and develops around age _____.

two children fantasizing together; 4

Piaget's concept of egocentrism means that young children are:

unable to consider another's point of view.

About _____ percent of babies are classified as very low birth weight.

1.4

Language development begins to rapidly increase around the age of:

1.5-2 years

In the United States in 2019, about 1 in _____ adults aged 25 to 34 lived below the poverty line.

10

White and Hispanic women have the highest life expectancy among U.S. demographic groups. At birth, they may be expected to outlive Black males by approximately _____ years.

10 to 15

According to Piaget, babies begin acting like "little scientists" at about _____ months of age, when _____ circular reactions appear.

12; tertiary

Little Aarish's language development is reflecting the typical sequence of milestones that children attain between birth and age 2. Currently, at _____ months of age, Aarish has just started _____.

12; using holophrases

Clara is beginning to feel ashamed of herself for the first time. Clara is probably:

2-3 yrs old

Data portrayed graphically in the textbook indicates that by the year _____, the United States will be a "nation of color," with White Americans making up less than 50 percent of the population.

2060

Pregnancy lasts between _____ and _____ days.

266; 277

Baby LeBron was just born. The _____ scale is used to evaluate his condition.

Apgar

_____ memories refer to the ability to understand one has a life history or recall past experiences or events.

Autobiographical

This technique is designed for women interested in having a completely natural, nonmedicated birth that stresses good diet and exercise, partner coaching, and deep relaxation.

Bradley method

_____ is/are NOT measured by the Apgar scale.

Brain waves

Societies across the world have celebrated pregnancy milestones throughout history. In _____, for example, the first kick was the signal for a woman to bake bread and take it to the church.

Bulgaria

During the embryonic stage, the arm buds form before the leg swellings erupt. With respect to the principles of prenatal development, this fact BEST reflects the _____ sequence.

Cephalocaudal

_____ exemplifies a non-normative transition in development.

Divorce

Language abilities are normally represented in the:

Left hemisphere

Dr. Jackson remarks that she teaches a college course exploring how people grow and change "from womb to tomb." Dr. Jackson's course is MOST likely titled:

Lifespan Development

The type of developmental research that tests an age group repeatedly over many years is called a(n) _____ study.

Longitudinal

Which is NOT a stimulus that newborns prefer?

Male voices

The time period during which an organ is coming "online" during prenatal development is referred to as the:

Sensitive period

Chomsky was inspired by:

Skinner

The gap over which impulses flow between the dendrites of one neuron and the axon of another is called a:

Synapse

A baby's brain is especially plastic (changeable) due to an excess of:

Synaptogenesis

When a caregiver and infant respond emotionally to each other in a sensitive and attuned way, it is called:

Synchrony

When Karen gives her newborn a bath, she cleans the baby's belly button, which is where the _____ used to be.

Umbilical cord

In the process of teaching a class, the teacher learns new things. This illustrates _____ thesis, the idea that teaching is _____.

Vygotsky's; bidirectional

Which eminent thinker dreamed of a community where babies were fed and bathed each week by a different nurse?

Watson, the behaviorist

Developed world nations are characterized by their:

Wealth

The rise of social media exemplifies a general advance in technology called _____, which has allowed us to interact with one another 24/7.

Web 2.0

Which statement is true regarding potential differences between men and women?

Women outlive men by at least 2 years worldwide.

Crying reaches its lifetime peak:

about a month after birth.

Two specific areas in the study of human development include _____ and _____.

adolescent development; gerontology

High-quality, teaching-oriented day care programs beginning at age 3 make a positive difference in the lives of _____ children.

all

A recessive single-gene disorder occurs only if a child inherits:

an abnormal gene from each parent.

When infants are in the crawling phase, they show:

an incredible variety of responses.

Which person is the MOST compliant and, therefore, easy to socialize?

any inhibited child

MOST babies who attend day care:

are securely attached to their parents.

In the sequence of language milestones from birth to age 2, _____ precedes _____.

babbling; holophrases

Which is the person-environment fit that MOST humans experience first?

baby-proofing

Five-month-old Stefano is engaging in secondary circular reactions when he:

bats at his mobile instead of watching it.

Lupe carries her baby son in a sling. The skin-to-skin contact this kangaroo care provides decreases levels of the stress hormone cortisol in:

both Lupe and her son.

Correlational research:

cannot determine what causes what.

What is Piaget's term for a young child's tendency to fixate on the MOST striking feature of whatever they see?

centering

Three-year-old children typically have relatively large heads, while 6-year-old children have relatively longer, thin bodies. This difference in physical appearance with age reveals the _____ principle.

cephalocaudal

The core disciplines in the study of lifespan development are

child development and gerontology.

Primary circular reactions are centered on the _____, whereas secondary circular reactions are centered on the _____.

child's body; external world

Lifespan development began as the study of:

childhood and adolescence.

Payton understands that Uranus is not only one of the eight planets in the solar system, but also one of the four within the solar system called "gas giants." Payton seems to grasp the concept of:

class inclusion

Daneisha and her friends are playing "school," Daneisha—predictably—assigns herself the role of "teacher;" her friends are relegated to roles of students. Rather enthusiastically, Daneisha is acting out a scene in which the teacher punishes misbehaving students during an arithmetic lesson. "Playing school" is an example of _____ play.

collaborative pretend

A culture that values social harmony over personal achievement is called _____, whereas a culture that emphasizes independence, competition, and personal success is called _____.

collectivist; individualistic

Once they achieve _____, children can reason about substances and physical reality in a more adult way.

concrete operations

Ella and her twin sister Laurel were high school juniors when the COVID-19 pandemic arrived in the United States. The pandemic affected the nature and quality of their education; curtailed their social lives; and hindered their search for after-school and summer employment. As a broad, general influence on the twins' lives, the pandemic is an example of a _____ of development.

context

Myelination:

continues through the twenties.

Dr. Thomas and his colleagues want to study the influence of spanking on child temperament. As Dr. Thomas cannot randomly assign children to either be spanked or not, he must conduct a(n) _____ study.

correlational

Select the choice that matches a hormone with the correct description.

cortisol—biomarker of stress

When researchers compare different age groups on some quality, they are conducting a _____ study.

cross-sectional

Suppose a researcher surveys three different groups regarding attitudes toward marriage equality for LGBTQ+ individuals. The researcher selects a sample of a middle-aged Generation X participants, a sample of Millennials aged 25 to 40, and a sample of 18- to 25-year-old Generation Z participants. The researcher's study is BEST seen as an example of:

cross-sectional research.

A baby's ability to discriminate between the faces of the members of other ethnic groups _____ during the first 9 months of life.

declines

Among _____ world nations, Japan is an example of one whose culture may be described as _____.

developed; collectivist

When the cervix opens wide enough to allow the baby to emerge, the first stage of labor begins. This stage is called:

dilation and effacement.

The _____ attachment style is MOST predictive of acting-out problems such as aggression, disobedience, and trouble with teachers and peers during the elementary and high school years.

disorganized

A(n) _____ provides emotional and physical support during a woman's labor without performing actual health-care tasks such as delivery or exams.

doula

Jeremy is celebrating his third birthday. Which life stage is he entering?

early childhood

Preschool is BEST described as a(n):

educational setting serving children ages 3 to 5.

Maternal cocaine administration alters the DNA of neurons in the pups' brains. This fact would be of MOST interest to a(n):

epigeneticist.

As one grows from toddlerhood through early childhood, one progresses from spearing one's food, to using a spoon, and finally to using forks and knives in the way adults do. With respect to the principles of motor development mentioned in the text, this progression BEST exemplifies the _____ sequence.

mass-to-specific

Child art can be wonderful. At age 3, young children often struggle with drawing circles, but by the time they are in third grade they can draw people with both bodies and faces. This is an example of the _____ principle.

mass-to-specific

Middle schooler Dana loves to play music. She has progressed during her childhood from banging on bongos and tambourines to playing the piano, guitar, and violin skillfully. The development of Dana's musical skill BEST reflects the _____ sequence.

mass-to-specific

The MOST important principle driving the development of motor abilities during childhood is the _____ sequence.

mass-to-specific

Long hours spent in day care:

may have slightly negative effects on later development.

When Westerners are asked to recall autobiographical memories, which part of their brain is activated?

medial frontal cortex

The naturally occurring loss of a pregnancy and death of the fetus is called a(n):

miscarriage

According to the textbook, intense shyness is _____ genetic.

moderately

Jenny says, "Me want more milk." This sentence has four:

morphemes.

The fact that lifespan development draws information from a variety of disciplines such as nursing, psychology, and neuroscience indicates that lifespan development is:

multidisciplinary.

The _____ acts as a lubricant that permits neural impulses to flow speedily.

myelin sheath

Professor Carter and her research assistants are conducting a study that involves watching children in a first-grade classroom. This study involves:

naturalistic observation.

Suppose a researcher devises a measure of the development of theory of mind among preschoolers. Higher scores on the measure indicate more advanced theory of mind. The researcher should find a _____ correlation between scores on the measure and scores on a measure of prejudice among preschoolers on which higher scores indicate greater prejudice.

negative

The concept of _____, which is the knowledge that objects continue to exist when they can no longer be seen, develops _____ during the sensorimotor stage.

object permanence; gradually

Cognitive behaviorist theorists believe people learn through:

observation or modeling