PSY 311 Exam 3

Group polarization occurs when group discussion weakens group members' initial inclinations.

false

In the Milgram study, only 10% of participants delivered the highest shock.

false

Men tend to smile more than women.

false

The United States has personal space and punctuality norms that are very similar to Latin American countries.

false

The similarity of the communicator to the audience is always more important than the credibility of the communicator.

false

Asch's studies of conformity differ in important ways from those of Sherif because

Asch's participants could clearly see the correct judgment and were therefore, conforming to normative social influence

Which of the following statements about natural selection are accurate? Select ALL that apply

It can help us understand modern behavior by thinking about previous evolutionary challenges, It suggests that behaviors that increase survival or reproductive chances are selected for

Which of the following best describes our current understanding of gender?

Males and females are more similar than they are different

You are in charge of organizing a summer planning meeting for your student organization's year-long goals and objectives. Which of the following characteristics would help reduce groupthink?

Scheduling plenty of time between this meeting and the decision deadline for more discussion

Education is more _____, whereas propaganda is more _____.

factual; coercive

According to drive theory, both easy and difficult tasks become easier in the presence of others.

false

An audience is more likely to perceive a speaker as sincere and smart when they speak slowly

false

Which route to persuasion is most likely to create long-lasting attitudes and behavioral changes?

central

People who are motivated and able to think through an issue are best persuaded by

central route processing

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next are called

cultures

When people experience both a loss of self-awareness and there is no evaluation apprehension, they are in a state of

deindividuation

Zajonc resolved the debate between social facilitation and social inhibition by introducing his _______. He thought that increased arousal would _______.

drive theory; facilitate dominant responses

The idea that a concern about being judged by others causes an increase in arousal that contributes to social facilitation is the

evaluation apprehension hypothesis

Individuals who believe that marijuana should be legalized meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion, the individuals will be

even more convinced that marijuana should be legalized

Students who join extracurricular groups on campus tend to find their attitudes regarding the groups' purpose increase if they stay in the group. This is an example of

group polarization

Which of the following is a condition that makes us less likely to conform?

having role models who dissent

The impact of a message from a non-credible source may _______, a phenomenon known as the _________________

increase; sleeper effect

Which is more influential—reason or emotion? Persuasion research has revealed that

it depends on the audience

The following are key elements of a group. Select ALL that apply

its members influence one another, members perceive one another as an "us"

When individual efforts are pooled and not evaluated, evaluation apprehension is ______ and the probability of social loafing is _________.

low; high

Taylor hates to wear ties anywhere. Nevertheless, they wears one to their sister's wedding to avoid the disapproval of his family. This is an example of

normative social influence

Asch's line segment study primarily examined ________ whereas Sherif's point of light studies primarily examined ______.

normative social influence; informational social influence

Rules for expected and acceptable behavior that vary by culture are called

norms

According to evolutionary mating theory, males tend to prefer in females, whereas females prefer in males.

physical attractiveness & youth; ambition & earning potential

One reason that distractions may increase the persuasiveness of messages is because distractions

prevent systematic processing of message content

If two candidates are giving a speech, back-to-back, on why they should be elected, because of the , the candidate who presents should be most persuasive.

primacy effect; first

Milly generally likes to go home to visit her family during vacation. However, after her father tells her she must be home during spring vacation, Milly decides to remain at college. We can probably best understand Milly's behavior in terms of

reactance

Which study used the autokinetic phenomenon?

sherif's study

The results of Milgram's obedience study suggest that

situational pressures can overwhelm personality

Jason has been listening to a talk show concerning animal rights. This is an issue that he cares deeply about, and he is very knowledgeable about the topic. Jason is most likely persuaded by

strong; convincing arguments

According to evolutionary psychology, the two goals of human behavior are:

survival and reproduction

Girls tend to _______ compared to boys.

talk more intimately

Perceived trustworthiness includes all of the following behaviors EXCEPT:

the audience believes the communicator is trying to persuade them

While listening half-heartedly to a commercial, Ken hears a physician suggest that aspirin taken daily promotes good health. Ken accepts this idea solely because this physician has been correct before. In this example, Ken is using

the peripheral route

Examining behavior through the lens of evolutionary psychology provides insights into which of the following? Select ALL that apply!

the shared goals among humans, how features that helped our ancestors pass on their genes affect our behavior today

One of the most important similarities in humans is our capacity

to learn and adapt

A group's social power is deflated when just one other person also differs from the majority.

true

Acceptance involves sincere inward conformity - we truly believe in what we are doing.

true

According to results from the Milgram study, obedience will be higher if the victim is farther away, rather than closer, in proximity.

true

Central route processing swiftly changes explicit attitudes

true

If an individual has a prior commitment to an opposing behavior or belief, conformity is likely to be lower.

true

Research on group size and conformity has shown that there is conformity with 3-5 people

true

The peripheral route typically uses rule of thumb heuristics to persuade.

true

According to the text, personality predicts behavior when social influences are

weak

You want to ensure that every member of your group contributes and no one slacks off. According to research on social loafing, you should do the following: Select ALL that apply

work on an interesting project; identify everyone's individual performance