PSY 3304: Abnormal Psychology Final Exam

"Abnormal behaviors—indeed, all behaviors—are acquired through learning." Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent?

behavioral

"When I was young, I met a large dog. I wasn't afraid of the dog, but as I tried to pet it, the dog snarled and jumped at me. I have been afraid of dogs ever since." A therapist who assumes that this sentence describes a phobia acquired from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality?

behavioral

A psychologist who sees a client's problems as caused by a lack of good learning experiences probably supports which model of psychopathology?

behavioral

Dr. White says, "Psychopathology is learned through a person's interactions with his or her environment." Dr. White's statement reflects which psychological model?

behavioral

Which model emphasizes the importance of learning/conditioning in determining human actions?

behavioral

The model of abnormality that focuses on learning is the:

behavioral model

Because Joan suffers from anxiety, Dr. Adler has prescribed a medication to treat the disorder. We can assume that Dr. Adler believes in a _____ model of abnormal behavior.

biological

For the past several weeks, Ian's thinking races from one idea to the next, and he cannot stay focused on any one idea. He feels pressure to keep on talking, feels a decreased need for sleep, and has been arrested for harassing pedestrians on the street. Of the following, what diagnosis would Ian most likely be given?

bipolar disorder

Jennie is constantly looking in the mirror. She is convinced that the pores on her nose are too large, and sometimes she picks at her skin until she has large welts on her face. Sometimes she is unable to leave the house due to embarrassment over her appearance. What diagnosis does Jennie Likely have?

body dysmorphic disorder

"That personality disorder has become so common, I encounter it almost everyday in the emergency room." MOST likely, this doctor is talking about which personality disorder?

borderline

An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and self-destructive. This person's diagnosis is likely to be which personality disorder?

borderline

A friend of yours has done some heavy drinking and asks you what to do to "sober up" as quickly as possible. Your BEST answer would be:

"There is nothing you can do to sober up more quickly"

An abnormal psychology instructor asks in class, "What kinds of treatments are commonly used to treat obsessive compulsive related disorders?" Confidently (and accurately), a student replies:

"exposure therapies."

As part of their therapy, clients learn to evaluate their unusual thoughts, track the accuracy of "magical" predictions, and reconnect with the world and with their limitations. The diagnoses of these clients would MOST likely be in which broad category of personality disorder?

"odd"

Angela hears voices that tell her to commit suicide. She also tends to use many neologisms when she speaks and believes that the FBI is spying on her. Which statement regarding Angela is accurate?

Angela exhibits positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Stefan and Darnell have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Stefan walks around the room rapidly, talking endlessly, and swinging his arms. Darnell stands in one position for hours at a time, responding to nothing. Which statement is true about their behavior?

Both Stefan's and Darnell's behaviors are common motor disturbances seen in schizophrenia

Which statement reflects the MOST common obsessive thought?

If I touch that doorknob, I will be dirty and contaminated

Which of the following symptoms is unusual for a person with posttraumaic stress disorder (PTSD)?

It is unusual for people with PTSD to withdraw form others

A person took a drug an hour or two ago. Now the person sits alone, quietly and intensely listening to the sap running in a tree with leaves that appear to be brilliant purple to the drug user. MOST likely, the person has recently used:

LSD

Which statement is accurate with regard to the DSM-5?

The DSM-5 retains the categorical classification model, with dimensions for severity

You might suspect an "era of narcissism" is approaching for a country when

There is increasing emphasis on self-expression and competitiveness

Which statement about auditory hallucinations is accurate?

They are the most common form of hallucination

How do personality disorders differ from the personality characteristics of typical people?

They lead to more maladaptive, distressful, and inflexible behaviors

What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder?

They may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves

Regarding likelihood of recovery and types of symptoms exhibited, which of the following would be the WORST disorder to have?

Type II schizophrenia

Sam can't leave for work without going back into his house and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Sam is displaying:

a checking compulsion

Because the drug Kelly takes makes him feel calm, relaxed, and more sociable, we can guess that the drug is ___.

a depressant

A clinician can include three kinds of information in making a diagnosis: a diagnostic category, a severity rating for the disorder, and additional information about possibly relevant psychosocial factors. According to the DSM-5, a clinician is required to include:

a diagnostic category and a severity rating but not additional information

Which is an example of a specific social anxiety?

a fear of public speaking

Matilda believes that she can feel the sounds around her, she most likely took:

a hallucinogen

people who experience a positive event, get excited, breathe harder, and have an increase in their heart rate, then interpret the symptoms as a heart attack, are experiencing:

a panic attack

How do phobias and common fear differ?

a phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the object

Fear of venturing into public places is known as:

agoraphobia

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. For the past 6 months, she has been experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. She experiences shortness of breath, chest pains, and dizziness during these episodes. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with:

agoraphobia and panic disorder

Psychopathology, or abnormal behavior, results primarily from ____.

an interaction of many factors

A man is described as lacking in empathy, exploitative of others, arrogant, and aggressive. This description best reflects which personality disorder trait domain?

antisocial

Holly describes herself this way: "I am always tense and worried. Sometimes I get so frightened, I feel like I'll die. I am terribly embarrassed by my behavior, but I can't control it.. It is often so bad that it interferes with my work." Holly is probably suffering from what type of disorder?

anxiety disorder

Cruelty to animals and people, destruction of property, and truancy before the age of 15:

are characteristics of those later diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder

Nick has schizophrenia and is experiencing the most common form of hallucinations, which are ____.

auditory hallucinations

A person with schizophrenia who hears all the animals around her making plans to get her ready for the ball, and comes to think of herself as Cinderella, is experiencing a(n) ___ hallucination and a delusion of ___.

auditory; grandeur

I sit staring at a blank page, unable to make myself write a new multiple-choice test item; I just don't seem to care. My behavior is like that of people with schizophrenia displaying the symptom called:

avolition

A patient with schizophrenia who is mute, statue-like, and fails to participate in the hospital routine is MOST likely experiencing ___schizophrenia.

catatonic

Milton frightened his family with his wild talking and frantic activity. Confined in a mental hospital for several days, he became completely immobile. He would take awkward postures for hours on end and allow himself to be "arranged" by others. With what symptoms of schizophrenia is Milton presenting?

catatonic symptoms

In the face of fear a person is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted view of the world. This person is showing which of the following fear responses?

cognitive

Shelly is pessimistic about her future. Her disinterest in everything around her, together with her loss of energy and motivation, made it difficult for her to cope with even the most minor of daily events. These symptoms demonstrate which domain of depression?

cognitive

the form of therapy that helps clients recognize errors in logic, and try out new interpretations of events is:

cognitive

A person who is suicidal and can see no reason for living BEST fits which definition of abnormality?

danger

Mel took out a gun and threatened a fellow student, stating that he intended to kill him. Mel's statements illustrate ____.

dangerousness

"My father poisons my food, and my mother has hired a hit man to shoot me. My boss is plotting to humiliate me, and my neighbor spies on me." These comments illustrate the schizophrenic symptom known as ___.

delusions of persecution

Rosa is sure that her family is planning to kidnap her and take her inheritance. She has found her husband talking on the phone in whispers and seen her children looking at her strangely. Rosa is MOST likely suffering from:

delusions of persecution

In the Middle Ages, what did people believe caused mental illness?

demonic possession

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience, fear of separation, and ongoing need to be taken care of is:

dependent personality disorder

Codeine, heroin, and morphine all ___ and are derived from the ___.

depress the central nervous system; opium plant

The "four Ds" of abnormality are:

deviance, distress, dysfunction, and danger

Behavior that violates legal norms is:

deviant and criminal

Deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called:

diagnosis

George hears voices that others do not but is not distressed by them. This illustrates that:

distress does not have to be present for a person's behavior to be considered abnormal

Jack has been diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. He has persistent thoughts that are upsetting and engages in ritualistic actions to reduce anxiety. He feels that he has control over his thoughts and actions but chooses not to stop them. Jack's case is unusual is that OCD patients usually ____.

do not feel they have control over their thoughts and actions

Dr. Karlin specializes in working with clients whose emotional problems interfere with their ability to work effectively or to engage in meaningful relationships. She focuses on which criterion of abnormality?

dysfunction

Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?

dysfunction

Dread and horror are part of the ______ responses to stress.

emotional

The experience of a constant sense of sadness would be considered a(n) ___ symptom of depression.

emotional

Marlon is physically dependent on heroin, if he stops using the drug, he may ___.

experience withdrawal symptoms which are often severe, and include restlessness, muscle pain, insomnia, and cold flashes

Sharlisa suffers from OCD. What is the first step her therapist will take with her when using exposure therapy with response prevention?

exposure to anxiety-provoking situations

Which is the BEST example of "reduced responsiveness" as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder?

feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities

Faith says that she agrees with the biopsychosocial view of psychopathology that ____.

genetics and environmental factors interact to cause disorders

The main difference between hallucinations and delusions is that:

hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve belief

Which is NOT a characteristic of eccentrics noted by researchers in the field?

having a diagnosable mental illness

Models are often utilized by scientists to ____.

help conceptualize the cause of a phenomenon

Which is NOT a description of the three clusters of the DSM-5 personality disorders?

high degree of learned helplessness

When the seat belt light in DiDi's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she bursts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of:

histrionic personality disorder

Which term is correctly paired with its definition?

hypomania is a less severe form of mania

Which is NOT an area the DSM-5 lists as required to be affected by a personality disorder?

intelligence

Anxiety/fear symptoms turn into an anxiety disorder when they ___.

interfere with everyday functioning

Melanie has been out with friends and has been using drugs. In spite of being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence, she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of:

intoxication

Which statement about the biological model is accurate?

it has helped find effective drugs for treating disorders

Quincy is diagnosed as having schizophrenia because he shows negative symptoms. Which symptom is likely to be seen in Quincy?

lack of motivation and restricted affect

What behavior is most characteristic of someone diagnosed with depression?

lacking motivation

Posttraumatic stress disorders:

last longer than a month

Jill has had one episode of major depression with no history of hypomania. What could she be diagnosed with?

major depression disorder

A state of euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:

mania

Which symptom is a primary characteristic of schizophrenia?

marked disturbances in thinking

Animals and humans learn without reinforcement. They learn just by watching. This form of learning is called:

modeling

Which statement is NOT usually true of those with body dysmorphic disorder?

most disorder-specific behaviors would be considered "normal" for a teenager

DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is:

most widely used in the United States

Mary suffers from schizophrenia and usually shows a total lack of emotion. What is Mary exhibiting?

negative symptoms

A high school student asks a guidance counselor, parents, and friends for suggestions before deciding on a college to attend and on an academic major. This student's behavior is:

normal for those in high school

The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society establishes are referred to as:

norms

The only time that Timmy gets attention is when he misbehaves in a bizarre way. This is an example of:

operant conditioning

When a young child yells and throws toys ("temper tantrum"), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on, the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavioral psychologist would say that the temper tantrums result from:

operant conditioning

A person is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If it is not a heart attack, but an indicator of anxiety disorder, it is probably a:

panic attack

Raphael was outside the parking garage when, out of nowhere, he suddenly felt overwhelming fear. Raphael noticed that his fear increased, he started to feel out of control, and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes. This is an example of a:

panic attack

Rosa's heart was racing (from the 4 cups of coffee she had just finished), but she thought she might be having a heart attack. Her fear seemed to be increasing without end. This might be the beginning of a:

panic attack

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attack combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:

panic disorder

"My neighbor is suspicious of everyone, always hold grudges, and hypersensitive to any criticism. He trusts no one, and he never changes his mind. His wife says he has always been this way." What DSM-5 personality type or personality trait description does this best illustrate?

paranoid

If you wanted to write a book about a fictional character who is a "typical" example of antisocial personality disorder, you might have the character exhibit all of the following EXCEPT:

periods of very high anxiety

An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that impairs the sense of self, emotional experiences goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy is termed:

personality disorder

An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called:

phobic disorder

"Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." Such disorganized speech illustrates which type of symptoms of schizophrenia?

positive

Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all the walls. She also hears gentle music, which is not actually there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.

positive

Mason hears voices and believes he is Napoleon. Jason shows no emotions, even in situations where strong reactions would be expected. Mason is exhibiting ____ symptoms of schizophrenia, and Jason is exhibiting ____ symptoms.

positive; negative

Dale seemed to be okay when he was returned from military duty Afghanistan in June, 2010, despite witnessing his two best friends being killed when invading a compound. Six months after his return, he begins having nightmares and flashbacks about his experiences and lives on constant alert. He jumps at even the slightest noise. Finally, his wife insists that Dale see a therapist. The most likely diagnosis is ___.

posttraumatic stress disorder

Dorian was only 10 miles away from Mount St. Helens when it erupted with one of the largest blasts in history. There was ash and lava everywhere, and he was terrified and sure he was going to die. When rescue teams found him a week later, he was cold, hungry, and scared. More than a year later, he still had nightmares and woke up in a cold sweat. This description BEST fits a(n):

posttraumatic stress disorder

What is the primary reason that people with schizoid personality disorder avoid social contact?

preference to be alone

Schizophrenia has four categories of symptoms. They include positive symptoms, negative symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and ___.

psychomotor abnormalities

Agoraphobia is the fear of:

public places

A person with posttraumatc stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is:

reexperiencing the traumatic event

The disorder that appears to be MOST closely related to the schizotypal personality disorder is:

schizophrenia

Which is NOT related to a fuller recovery from schizophrenia?

schizophrenia developing in early life

Which is NOT the name used for a cluster of personality disorders?

schizophrenic

Odd thinking, behavioral eccentricities, vague conversation sprinkled with loose associations are key symptoms in ___.

schizotypal personality disorder

Cocaine and amphetamines produce:

similar behavioral effects and similar emotional effects

Which person would NOT be considered abnormal, despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional?

someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social injustice

Bess has been using Valium for two years even though it impairs her work performance and jeopardizes her safety because she often drives while intoxicated by the medication. She shows neither tolerance nor withdrawal. According to the DSM-V, Bess's drug use illustrates ____.

substance use disorder

The long-term pattern of maladaptive behavior caused by the regular use of some chemical or drug is called:

substance use disorder

An entomologist's fear of spiders is debilitating. To treat this phobia, a therapist puts the entomologist in a room with spiders, even asking her to handle them. This technique might be used in:

systemic desensitization

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is:

systemic desensitization

In which of the paradigms of abnormal psychology is the role of the therapist thought to be that of a teacher?

the behavioral model

An important difference between mood disorders and normal mood fluctuations is:

the severity and duration of the problem

Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be experiencing a mental illness because:

they freely choose and enjoy their behavior

A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing:

tolerance

To be classified as a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least:

two weeks