PSY 368 Chapter 12 Smartbook

In the United States, _____ percent of all health care costs are due to the effects of obesity.

5 to 7

Which of the following are characteristics of cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders? (Select all that apply.)

Duration of 3 to 6 months Confronting irrational thoughts Introducing forbidden foods back into the diet

According to Stice and colleagues, people with a ____ subtype of disordered eating patterns are greatly concerned with body size and shape and trying to maintain a low-calorie diet, but they frequently abandon it and then engage in binge eating.

diet

Obese people show less activity in certain ____ areas of the brain when they consume food than nonobese people. This suggests the same mechanism as drug addiction.

reward

Which of the following are qualities that Bruch discovered in her work in regard to girls with eating disorders? (Select all that apply.)

Their parents are overinvolved. They are perfectionistic.

Which is true of studies regarding anorexia nervosa?

There have been inconsistent findings regarding whether abnormalities in hypothalamic and hormonal functioning continue after subjects gain weight.

Which of the following are true of people with bulimia who are trying to control their weight? (Select all that apply.)

They excessively exercise. They self-induce vomiting. They abuse laxatives and diuretics.

Currently, nearly 19 percent of American children are obese.

True

There are many more studies of treatments for bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder than for anorexia nervosa.

True

Studies of popular women's and men's magazines find _____ times more diet articles in women's magazines than in men's magazines (Andersen & DiDomenico, 1992; Grieve & Bonneau-Kaya, 2007).

10

According to research ____ percent of female and ____percent of male adolescents have experienced an episode of binge eating at least one time in the last 12 months.

26; 13

The suicide rate among those with anorexia nervosa is ____ times the rate in the general population.

31

Bariatric surgery may be recommended for people with severe health problems or for those of a BMI over _____.

40

It is currently estimated that nearly ______ percent of American adults are obese.

40

Which of the following is recommended for weight loss for people between 30 and 39 BMI?

A low-calorie diet

Which of the following are genetic influences that may contribute to obesity? (Select all that apply.)

Atypical activity in brain reward areas Tendency to overeat Number of fat cells

__ surgery for extremely obese people involves creating a small pouch at the base of the esophagus, which severely limits food intake.

Bariatric

Which of the following are eating disorders? (Select all that apply.)

Bulimia nervosa Binge-eating disorder Anorexia nervosa

Which of the following are health consequences of anorexia? (Select all that apply.)

Cardiovascular problems Impaired immune systems Stomach expansion Suicide

Which of the following is the most researched treatment for anorexia nervosa (AN)?

Cognitive behavioral therapy

____-____ therapy involves introducing forbidden foods back into a client's diet and helping the client confront irrational thoughts about these foods.

Cognitive-Behavioral

Which of the following are features of cognitive-behavioral therapy for people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa? (Select all that apply.)

Confrontation on overvaluing of thinness Rewards contingent on weight gain Relaxation techniques

Which of the following subtypes of eating disorder patterns most often involves relationship difficulties?

Depressive

Which of the following are qualities that people with eating disorder diagnoses are likely to have? (Select all that apply.)

Dichotomous thinking Sensitivity to others' opinions Obsessive planning

Eating disorders are among those psychological disorders with the lowest mortality rate.

False

Obesity is considered a mental disorder in the DSM-5.

False

Rigid, demanding, and controlling parenting styles are not associated with problematic eating patterns.

False

____ affect(s) the number of fat cells and the likelihood of fat storage, the tendency to overeat, and activity level in the brain in response to food.

Genetics

Research shows which of the following factors are relevant in families of girls with eating disorders? (Select all that apply.)

High parental control Lack of parental warmth Family history of disordered eating

Which of the following features are found in families with girls with eating disorders? (Select all that apply.)

High standards Denial of negative feelings

What are the two peak onsets for binge eating disorder? (Select all that apply.)

Immediately after puberty Late adolescents

Which of the following are consequences of obesity? (Select all that apply.)

Increased heart disease Stroke Hypertension Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following is recommended for those with a BMI between 30 and 39 who are seeking to lose weight? (Select all that apply.)

Increased physical activity Low-calorie diet

Which is true of eating disorders?

Individuals who meet the criteria for one disorder often meet the criteria for two or more of the disorders at different times.

Which of the following is the best characterization of obesity?

It is not a mental disorder.

____ ____ disorder involves a person having an overwhelming desire to eat during the overnight hours.

Night; eating

Chris does not fit neatly into diagnostic categories for eating disorders, but Chris does exhibit some troublesome behaviors in regard to food. What is the best diagnosis for Chris?

Other specified eating or feeding disorder

Which of the following are typical of night eating disorder? (Select all that apply.)

People with this disorder have insomnia. People with this disorder are distressed that they cannot control their eating behaviors.

Which of the following have been linked to the development of eating disorders? (Select all that apply.)

Quality of family relationships Poor communication Family conflict and dysfunction

Which of the following are present in people with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa? (Select all that apply.)

Serotonin and dopamine dysfunctions Lowered functioning of the hypothalamus Hormone abnormalities

Anorexia nervosa ---> Bulimia nervosa ---> Binge-eating disorder --->

Starvation Bingeing and purging Bingeing but no purging

Which of the following are statistically more likely to develop an eating disorder?

Stella, aged 19, whose parents are controlling

Which of the following symptoms are indicative of anorexia nervosa? (Select all that apply.)

Struggling with chronic fatigue but still exercising excessively Having an unrealistic fear of getting fat Having disturbed self-perceptions of body shape

Which of the following behaviors have been found in mothers of girls diagnosed with eating disorders? (Select all that apply.)

The mothers criticize their daughters' weight. The mothers are often eating disordered themselves.

What is one explanation for the fact that there are many more studies related to bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder compared to anorexia nervosa?

The prevalence of bulimia and binge eating disorder is much greater than anorexia.

Which is true of people with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa? (Select all that apply.)

They may have amenorrhea. They typically have below normal body weight.

What is the general result for biological therapies such as SSRIs in treating bulimia?

They reduce bingeing and purging but fail to restore the person to normal eating habits.

Which of the following are true of the use of SSRIs in the treatment of bulimia? (Select all that apply.)

They reduce bingeing. They reduce purging.

Which of the following is true in regard to brain activity in obese people when they consume food?

They show less activity in certain reward areas than lean people.

Studies of media show that which is true of cultural ideals in the Western world?

Thinness is more valued and encouraged in females.

Which of the following are image-centered digital media and increase the concern of appearance among users? (Select all that apply.)

TikTok Instagram YouTube Snapchate

Which of the following behaviors may be seen in a person who has been diagnosed with bulimia nervosa? (Select all that apply.)

To avoid gaining weight, they engage in purging. They use methods such as fasting and exercise to compensate for added calories. They eat excessive amounts of food during a short period of time.

Hilde Bruch (1973, 1982), a pioneer in the study of eating disorders, argued that anorexia nervosa often occurs in girls who have been unusually "good girls"—high achievers, dutiful and compliant daughters who are always trying to please their parents and others by being perfect.

True

Research has confirmed that the families of girls with eating disorders have high levels of conflict, discourage the expression of negative emotions, and emphasize control and perfectionism.

True

Research suggests that individuals who are vulnerable to overly restrictive eating and exercise can be adversely influenced by social media posts related to fitness.

True

Studies suggest estimates obtained from popular search engines that thinspiration images can be counted in the millions.

True

Studies of weight-loss diets have shown that _____.

all of the diets (LEARN, Ornish, Weight Watchers, Atkins) had similar results

People diagnosed with _____ starve themselves, yet they are certain that they need to lose more weight.

anorexia nervosa

Research has historically shown that exposure to traditional media is associated with eating disorders such as ____.

body dissatisfication

People with ____ control their weight by purging, abusing laxatives and diuretics, fasting, and excessive exercise.

bulimia

The core characteristic of _____ is uncontrolled eating, or bingeing, followed by behaviors intended to prevent weight gain from the binges.

bulimia nervosa

People with anorexia nervosa feel good only when they have

control over their eating.

The increased use of online social media networks is associated with ____ self-esteem, happiness, life satisfaction, and ____ depression among young adult users.

decreased; increased

The ____ subtype of eating disorder patterns involves concern about weight and body size, combined with excessive eating to quell depression and self-esteem issues.

depressive

Stice and colleagues have identified subtypes in eating patterns involving binge eating. Those in the _____ subtype are greatly concerned with body shape and size, and try to maintain low-calorie diets but often engage in binge eating.

dieting

Between 1980 and 2002, the prevalence of obesity in the United States _____.

doubled in adults and tripled in children and adolescents

Family has been identified as a social agent that helps drive the attitude and behaviors of both ____ and ____ eating practices.

healthy; unhealthy

Experiments on weight loss have been conducted with the Atkins, Ornish, LEARN, and Weight Watchers diets. The results have shown that they result in _____ weight loss.

modest

Research has shown that there are a number of behaviors on the part of _____ that are correlated with eating disorders in girls.

mothers

Epidemiological studies show that between 1980 and 2002, the prevalence of ____ in the United States doubled in adults and tripled in children and adolescents.

obesity

One of the potentially serious complications of anorexia is acute expansion of _____ the to the point of rupturing.

stomach

According to studies anorexia nervous is ranked as the _____ learning cause of chronic illness in adolescents.

third

Andy has been diagnosed with an eating disorder. If he goes off his diet and eats one cookie, he figures he may as well eat the whole box. This is an example of _____.

dichotomous thinking