PSY 371 Abnormal Psych (10-16)

The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is:

14 to 20

Which is a potential sign of a family system that places an unhealthy importance on appearance?

A father repeatedly jokes about his son's ?scrawny? legs and tells him he should start lifting weights.

What differentiates a person with gender dysphoria from a transgender person?

A person with gender dysphoria experiences extreme distress and impairment over his or her gender incongruence.

Which statement BEST describes Internet use disorder?

Although not an official diagnosis, systems of this pattern are similar to those seen in substance use disorder and gambling disorder.

Which BEST supports the dopamine hypothesis for schizophrenia?

Antipsychotic drugs often produce Parkinsonian symptoms.

Statistically speaking, which eating disorder is a male most likely to develop?

Binge eating disorder

A person admits that for the past few months, once or twice per week she has ended up consuming significant amounts of food and then vomiting afterward to prevent weight gain. Which other factor would have to be present to meet the diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa?

Extreme concern with one's body shape and weight

Studies have reported that adolescent girls who spend increased time on Facebook are more likely to have a negative body image and display signs of eating disorders. Which aspect of Facebook MOST likely accounts for this association?

Facebook is an image-driven platform.

One of the characters on a popular TV show is discussing another character with severe obesity. She says, ?I don't know how someone could let themselves become that fat.? Why is this type of commentary so harmful?

It fosters a sense of shame in those who are overweight or obese.

Which statement is TRUE regarding anorexia nervosa?

Most people recover, but those who do not are most likely to die from starvation or suicide.

How does binge eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?

People with binge eating disorder tend to develop the disorder later in life, typically in their twenties.

Which statement accurately reflects current thinking about psychosis and schizophrenia?

People with different diagnoses can exhibit psychosis; it is not limited to schizophrenia.

People who do not have anorexia and are placed on a starvation diet show many of the food preoccupations of people with anorexia nervosa. Which conclusions can be drawn from this finding?

Preoccupation with food is likely the result of starvation, rather than the underlying cause of anorexia.

What is the most common long-term outcome of dieting to lose weight?

Regaining the weight

Downward drift is BEST reflected in which statement?

Schizophrenia causes people to fall into poverty and social disruption.

Which statement BEST describes the relationship between brain circuits and schizophrenia?

Schizophrenia has been linked to overactivity of some brain structures and underactivity of other brain structures.

Which of the following is the MOST accurate conclusion regarding the use of Viagra and related drugs to treat erectile disorders?

The drugs work approximately 75 percent of the time and are often given without first assessing what is causing the problem.

In 2017, the Calorie Control Council reported that the average Thanksgiving meal consists of more than 3,000 calories, yet this is not considered a binge eating episode. Why not?

The person did not experience a loss of control while eating or feel shame afterward.

In a person who has an unusually long resolution phase of the sexual response cycle, which of the following is MOST likely?

The person did not have an orgasm.

According to the principles of operant conditioning, if others consistently ignore a person's appropriate response to their social cues, what will happen?

The person will stop attending to social cues.

According to weight set point theory, which is a consequence of dieting below one's weight set point?

There is an increase of hunger.

Which of the following has been identified as a problem in designing and evaluating treatment methods for substance abuse?

There is no standard definition of treatment success

Why might some clinicians favor removing gender dysphoria from the DSM?

They believe the stigma of being transgender is what leads to distress.

Which statement is true of state mental hospitals in the United States in the mid-twentieth century?

They were overcrowded and understaffed.

If one wanted to decrease the rates of eating disorders among U.S. children and adolescents, addressing which issue would MOST likely have the biggest impact?

Western notions of beauty and societal values

If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years and gradually developed a problem with becoming aroused under any condition, the type of dysfunction would be called:

acquired and generalized.

If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years and then had a problem with becoming aroused only when with her husband as a partner, the type of dysfunction would be called:

acquired and situational.

During which period does frotteurism typically develop?

adolescence

During which period does pedophilia typically develop?

adolescence

After Julian was released from a short stay in the psychiatric ward of a hospital, he would regularly visit a therapist who made sure that he was taking his medication and monitored how well he was adjusting to living in the community. This example illustrates the features of:

aftercare

Of the following, which has the HIGHEST risk of causing organ damage and long-lasting mental change?

alcohol

If one could use only a single treatment for schizophrenia and wanted the MOST effective treatment, one should choose:

antipsychotic drugs.

Individuals who were institutionalized for schizophrenia during the first half of the twentieth century probably received all of the following EXCEPT:

antipsychotic medication.

Research shows that sexual dysfunctions among homosexual couples:

are the same as those seen in heterosexual couples.

The MOST common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is:

auditory

The viral explanation for schizophrenia suggests that brain abnormalities, and therefore schizophrenia, result from viral exposure:

before birth

People who regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing:

binge eating disorder.

Which theoretical orientation is MOST helpful in understanding the origin of gender identity disorder?

biological

Research suggests that an effective treatment plan for schizophrenia should include:

biological treatments and psychological treatments.

The disorder that is characterized by eating binges followed by engaging in a compensatory behavior such as forced vomiting is called:

bulimia nervosa

The stimulant used by MORE people in the world than any other drug is:

caffeine

Of the following, which has the LOWEST risks for drug dependency and long-term behavioral change?

cannabis

If someone receives modern sex therapy, chances are that the therapy will:

center on specific sexual problems.

Exercises that boost attention, memory, planning, and problem-solving are classified as _____, whereas exercises that train people how to understand and neutralize the voices in their head are classified as _____.

cognitive restructuring approaches; hallucination reinterpretation and acceptance approaches

?Drug dependence may develop because one finds drug use rewarding when it reduces tension.? A person with which view of substance abuse would MOST likely agree with this statement?

cognitive-behavioral

If you are being treated for schizophrenia and are learning to distract yourself from the voices you hear and to reinterpret them as just a symptom of your disorder rather than reality, you are MOST likely receiving:

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Someone who fasts or exercises strenuously following a binge is engaging in:

compensatory behaviors.

In the treatment of schizophrenia, a case manager's primary goal is to help with:

coordinating services.

The symptom of schizophrenia most likely to be relieved by antipsychotic drugs is:

delusions

The _____ states that a person with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if he or she subsequently experiences significant life stressors or other negative events.

diathesis-stress model

Compared with the general public, people with eating disorders are more likely to:

experience depression

Somatic hallucinations are:

feelings that something is happening inside the body.

Based on family pedigree studies, which relative of an individual with a diagnosis of schizophrenia would be MOST at risk for developing the disorder?

fraternal twin

The perceptual distortions some drugs produce are called:

hallucinosis

A man derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's clothing. MOST likely, that person would be diagnosed as:

having transvestic disorder.

Detoxification procedures may involve any of the following EXCEPT:

initially increasing the substance dose to make the substance aversive.

What was the dominant way of treating people with schizophrenia during the first half of the twentieth century?

institutionalization

Symptoms of vaginismus always include:

involuntary contraction of vaginal muscles.

Drinking alcohol initially affects:

judgment

A man who has never been able to achieve or maintain an erection for sexual intercourse would MOST likely be diagnosed with which type of erectile disorder?

lifelong

If a woman had never experienced normal sexual functioning with her husband and had a problem with becoming aroused with him but found she could be aroused with other men, the type of dysfunction would be called:

lifelong and situational.

Psychosis means:

loss of contact with reality

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a:

lower socioeconomic level.

The link between dopamine and schizophrenia is supported by the finding that:

lowering dopamine activity helps remove schizophrenic symptoms.

The currently accepted view of eating disorders is that the cause is:

multidimensional

All the opioid drugs are known collectively as:

narcotics

Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal are all _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.

negative

First-generation antipsychotic drugs are to _____, as second-generation antipsychotic drugs are to _____.

neuroleptic drugs; atypical antipsychotic drugs

Token economies use the principles of _____ to treat people with schizophrenia.

operant conditioning

Which is a depressant?

opioids

A person who lives at home but spends the day at a mental health facility would be using which service?

partial hospitalization

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia:

people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present.

Tactile hallucinations are:

perceptions of tingling, burning, or electric-shock sensations.

The _____ symptoms of schizophrenia include delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect.

positive

Compared with long-term institutionalization, short-term hospitalization that includes aftercare is more likely to:

produce greater improvement and fewer rehospitalizations.

People with alexithymia are NOT able to:

put descriptive labels on what they are feeling.

In behavioral terms, what is a token?

reinforcer

A client receiving treatment for substance abuse keeps track of times the substance is used and develops strategies to deal with the substance when there is an opportunity to use it. The client is MOST likely receiving:

relapse-prevention training

The Community Mental Health Act stipulated that patients with mental disorders should receive all EXCEPT _____ without leaving their communities.

research opportunities

A person who has paraphilia:

responds sexually to a socially inappropriate object or situation.

Which psychological problem is LEAST likely to be associated with anorexia nervosa?

schizophrenia

A developmental psychopathology theorist would be MOST likely to claim that:

schizophrenia is triggered by many factors that operate together in a developmental sequence.

The phrase split mind is to _____ as the phrase split personality is to _____.

schizophrenia; dissociative identity disorder

A woman is perfectly capable of masturbating to orgasm, yet she is unable to reach orgasm with a partner, either through sexual intercourse or through the partner's manual stimulation of her. MOST likely, this type of orgasmic disorder would be called:

situational

Throughout much of the twentieth century, long-term institutionalized mental patients developed additional symptoms as a result of their institutionalization. The most common pattern of decline was:

social breakdown syndrome.

A patient who receives help in finding work, in finding a place to live, and in taking medication correctly is probably receiving:

social therapy

Researchers have found that substance use disorders are more common among some religious groups than others and generally are more common among some groups than among others. Together, these findings provide the MOST support for which view of substance use disorders?

sociocultural

The HPA pathway becomes activated when people experience:

stressful events.

DSM-5 includes gambling disorder as an addictive disorder, along with substance use disorders. This change is considered important because it:

suggests that people may become addicted to behaviors, not just substances

While under the influence of LSD, Rihanna believes that she can feel the sounds around her. This effect is known as:

synesthesia

Probably the WORST thing a person who has ?partied hard? with alcohol could do right after drinking would be to:

take some barbiturates to fall asleep.

Milieu therapy includes all of the following components EXCEPT:

teaching residents to recognize when they engage in inappropriate behavior.

Intoxication is actually a form of:

temporary change

Most sex therapists are uneasy about recent reliance on drug treatments for sexual disorders because:

the integrated approach to therapy might be ignored.

Generally speaking, what are the outcomes of gender reassignment surgery?

the outcomes are positive

All of the following structures are part of a brain circuit that is linked to schizophrenia EXCEPT:

the superior colliculus.

A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same ?high? that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing:

tolerance

Mendon began by taking one amphetamine a day to control his appetite. After a month or so, the one pill did not work as well but two pills did. This is an example of:

tolerance

A person who experiences vomiting and shaking when she tries to stop drinking alcohol has developed:

withdrawal reactions.

A client receives directed masturbation training and self-exploration instruction as part of the client's sex therapy. MOST likely, the client is a:

woman being treated for orgasmic disorder.