PSY 45

What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a general hypothesis?

Inductive reasoning

What is meant by saying that "science is objective"?

Scientific answers are obtained without influence by the researcher's biases or beliefs.

Which method of knowing is being used by a student who believes that his performance on tests is influenced by wearing a lucky hat? a) The method of empiricism b) The method of faith c) The method of tenacity d) The method of authority

c) The method of tenacity

Which of the following is the best description of the scientific method?

A circular process that leads to a tentative answer

Russell is shopping for a new car, and when he walks into the showroom, he notices huge monitors playing endorsements by famous athletes. He recognizes that reliance on the method of ____ is a common advertising ploy.

Authority

A group of students in a cooking class is trying to find a faster way to bake a cake. They know that it takes 30 minutes to bake a cake at 350 degrees; so, they figure that it should only take only 15 minutes at 700 degrees. The students are using __________ to solve the problem a. method of empiricism b. rational method c. method of authority d. scientific method

b. rational method

Which method of knowing is used when you find the address and phone number of a restaurant by googling the name of the restaurant? a) Method of empiricism b) Rational method c) Method of authority d) Scientific method

c) Method of authority

Which of the following is typical of quantitative research? a) It involves measuring variables for each individual. b) It usually involves numerical scores. c) It uses statistical analysis to summarize and interpret results. d) All of the above.

d) All the above

A restaurant chef tried replacing rice with pasta in one of her recipes to see what would happen. Which method of acquiring knowledge is she using? a) Method of empiricism b) Rational method c) Method of authority d) Scientific method

a) Method of empiricism

Which of the following is NOT a good example of scientific hypothesis? a. There is no relationship between fatigue and reaction time. b. Increased sugar consumption leads to an increased level of activity. c. smaller class size is related to better academic performance. d. a person's level of self-esteem is related to how long he or she will persist at a difficult task.

a. There is no relationship between fatigue and reaction time

Last year Tim and his friend Jack were both too short to ride the roller coaster. Jack went to the park this year and was tall enough to ride. Tim knows that he is taller than Jack, so he knows that he will be able to ride the roller coaster as well. Which method of knowing is Tim using? a) Method of empiricism b) Rational method c) Method of authority d) Scientific method

b) Rational method

Which of the following is NOT a good example of scientific hypothesis? a. Academic performance will improve if students begin classes earlier in the day. b. There wold be less racial tension today if Lincoln had not been assassinated. c. Children can learn a new language faster than adults can. d. People can respond faster to a sound stimulus than to a light stimulus.

b. There wold be less racial tension today if Lincoln had not been assassinated.

Which of the following is a distinction between science and pseudoscience? a) Pseudoscience tends to dismiss or refuse to accept negative results. b) Pseudoscience tends to rely on testimonials and selected results. c) Pseudoscience tends to treat criticism as a personal attack. d) All of the other options are differences between science and pseudoscience.

d) All of the other options are differences between science and pseudoscience.

A hypothesis is a __________ statement and a prediction is a __________ statement.

general; specific

The first step in the research process is

identifying a topic area and searching the literature to find a research question.

A researcher conducts a study in which 50 college students are assigned to different treatments and tested. In the study, the students are called

research participants