PSY 581 - Exam 2

which of the following methods is dependent upon injecting a radioactive chemical into the blood to measure blood flow ?

PET

cortical area ______ appears to be where conscious visual perception occurs

V1

ablation is

a brain area that has been removed

light energy converts 11- cis retinal to:

all-trans-retinal

various types of _______ cells refine the input to the ganglion cells, enabling them to respond specifically to shapes, movements, and other visual features.

amacrine cells

a lesion is

an area that has been damaged

foveal vision has

better acuity

in the most common form of color vision deficiency people have difficulty distinguishing:

between red and green

in the human retina, messages go from receptors at the back of the eye to _____

bipolar cells

the name of the point at which the optic nerve leaves the retina is called the:

blind spot

the visual path in the parietal cortex is referred to as the:

dorsal stream

which of the following is NOT a factor in color deficiency ?

elongated shape of the eye

the law specific nerve energies state that

every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light

______ cells axons makeup the optic nerve

ganglion

the optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell ?

ganglion cells

the retinas of predatory birds such as hawks:

have a greater density of receptors than do humans on the top half of the retina

in the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition ?

horizontal cells

why are men more likely to experience color vision deficiency than women?

its a sex linked genetic disorder

what is responsible for sharpening contrast at visual borders?

lateral inhibition

cutting the left optic nerve in front of the optic chiasm would result in blindness in the :

left eye

why does the periphery of the retina detect faint lights better that the fovea?

more receptors converge their input onto each bipolar cell

after you stare at a bright green object for a minute and look away, you see red. which theory attempts to explain this finding?

opponent-process theory

______ modify the _______ sensitivity to different wavelengths of light

opsins; photopigments

the optic nerves from the right and left eye initially meet at the

optic chiasm

which ganglion cells, if any, are located mostly in or near the fovea?

parvocellular

small receptive fields are to _____ cells as large receptive fields are to _____ cells

parvocellular; magnocellular

the study of relating skull anatomy (bumps and depressions) to behavior is known as :

phrenology

a stereotaxic instrument would most likely be used for :

placing an electrode in the brain

in what order does the visual information pass through the retina?

receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

color constancy is the ability to

recognize the color of an object despite changes in lighting

which theory can best explain why people that are wearing yellow-colored glasses can still identify the color of a green apple?

retinex theory

night-active species are more likely than day-active species to have a greater:

rod to cone ratio

peripheral vision mainly depends upon:

rods

in comparison to the rods, cones are more ____ to ____:

sensitive to detail

an electroencephalograph measures:

the average activity of the cells in a given region of the brain

where does the optic nerve send most of its information?

the lateral geniculate

light from the left half of the world strikes what part of the retina ?

the right half

the visual paths in the temporal cortex collectively are referred to as the:

ventral stream

what is perceived when all types of cones are simultaneously and equally active

white

which theory emphasizes the idea that color vision depends on the relative responses of 3 kinds of cones?

young-helmholtz theory