PSY chapter 1/2/3 post test

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________.

temperature, touch, and pain

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gage's accident, which led to brain injury?

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neuron's cell body down the axon to the axon terminals.

action potential

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.

beta-endorphin

Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?

breathing

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________.

central; peripheral nervous systems

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________.

chromosomes; DNA

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________.

depression

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?

dopamine; norepinephrine

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.

evolution by natural selection

Which of the following senses is not first routed through the thalamus?

smell

Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.

somatic

Jeremy has Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to.

substantia nigra; dopamine

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain.

folds; grooves

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels.

homeostasis

Elaina has been diagnosed with a small brain tumor. She first went to see her doctor after experiencing symptoms such as feeling very cold, almost fainting, a reduced appetite, and reduced sexual desire. Which of the following structures is her tumor most likely affecting?

hypothalamus

One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function.

lateralization

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parents' hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for emotional memories.

limbic system

Hyperpolarization means that the ________.

membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract.

parasympathetic

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a "tracer" and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study?

positron emission tomography (PET)

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.

range of reaction

The myelin sheath is made from ________.

glial cells

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain?

Broca's area

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons?

He had severe seizures.