PSY Exam 2

Which symptom best describe possible effects on parental development for fetuses exposed to alcohol?

(intellectual disability, low birth weight, small head, limb deformities)

Which of these are major criticisms of Kohlberg's theory?

-He does not adequately acknowledge how some people's moral views are shaped by concern for others, not for individual rights. -He does not distinguish between moral reasoning and moral behavior. -He does not adequately account for the role of culture in shaping morality.

Which statements about development in adulthood are true?

-Piaget's concept of accommodation can help us understand how people make sense of changes in their lives. -Development in adulthood may mean maintaining an openness to change and to being changed by experience.

Which of the following represent the influence of gender roles?

-Prior to World War II, males in the United States were considered the breadwinners. -In a particular culture, females are expected to take care of the house and children. -A young child assigned male at birth goes to school wearing a pink shirt, and his classmates ask him why.

Scientists have found the region of the brain that inhibits risky behavior isn't fully formed until

25

Which of the following statements are true with respect to Piaget's theory of schemas?

A schema organizes information. A schema assists us in making sense of experience.

According to anthropologist Ernest Becker, our _____ may shield us from the terror of our own mortality.

Culture

According to anthropologist Ernest Becker, people's may provide the customary beliefs, practices, religious rules, and social order for their experience of mortality. Therefore, being a part of this shields us from the terror of our own mortality.

Culture

Who theorized that there were eight psychosocial stages of development from infancy through late adulthood?

Erik Erikson

The trichromatic theory of color vision describes three different types of rods that work together to create our experience of color vision. True false question.

False

Which of the following are examples of "nature" influences?

Family history of hair loss Eye color

The social and psychological aspects of one's experience as male, female, both, or neither is referred to as

Gender

refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs throughout the course of life.

Human development

Which of the following is NOT true of an embryo?

It is 9 weeks old.

The ______________ (kinesthetic/vestibular) senses provide information about movement, posture, and orientation.

Kinesthetic

The technical term for behaving in a way that is intended to benefit others is behavior.

Prosocial

Which of the following changes are typical of puberty?

Rapid skeletal growth Changes in the brain Hormonal changes

________ is the process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming those energies into neural energy.

Sensation

refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding.

Temperament

A person is born with some serious physical problems but perseveres throughout development and chooses environmental reinforcers that allow them to construct a unique developmental path. Which of the following best describes this process?

This person demonstrates the active and interactive role of genetic inheritance and the environment.

Physical, cognitive, and socioemotional process all influence the development of gender.

True

The responsiveness of the sensory system can change based on the average level of surrounding stimulation.

True

is expert knowledge about the practical aspects of life.

Wisdom

Which of the following is true of wisdom?

Wisdom increases with age.

A zygote is

a fertilized egg.

What do psychologists mean when they talk about resilience?

a person's ability to adapt to challenges or recover from difficulty

Which of the following is an example of cross-sectional research?

a study that involves simultaneously collecting data from a group of 5-year-olds, 15-year-olds, and 25-year-olds

The _______ threshold is the minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect.

absolute

Bonanno's theory of grieving identifies four different patterns. Which of the following is NOT one of those patterns?

acceptance

A person's role in their own development is best characterized as

active.

Sound waves are vibrations in the air processed by the ____________ system.

auditory

Which of the following extends from the cochlea to the brain stem?

auditory nerve

Which of the following is the best example of "nature" in the context of the influence of nature versus nurture?

biological inheritance

Cells divide a maximum of 100 times. As we age, cells become less able to divide.

cellular-clock theory

What type of development is characterized by improved capacity to process information and understand the world due to advancing age and experience?

cognitive development

The function of the outer ear is to

collect and channel sounds.

In a research study, Dr. Lopez asks people ages 20, 40, and 60 about their levels of happiness. This research is best described as which of the following?

cross-sectional

often fussy and engages in irregular daily routines

difficult child

generally in a positive mood; easily establishes routines and adapts to new experiences

easy child

Developmental psychologists view development as occurring only during infancy and childhood.

false

During which of the following stages of development does the child begin to have hair grow on their head and gain facial features that become similar to those the child will display at birth?

fetal

Mary is pregnant, and her baby is about 7 pounds and about 20 inches long. She can give birth now without danger of being preterm. In which stage of pregnancy is she?

fetal (38 weeks)

The ___________________ relationship is the principle by which individuals organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out and those that are left over.

figure-ground

Unstable oxygen molecules damage DNA and other cellular structures

free-radical theory

Matteo, aged 9, and Max, aged 8, are playing with trucks. Fatima, aged 8, wants to play. "Trucks are for boys!" Matteo shouts. This best illustrates which of the following?

gender schema

The XX pair of chromosomes produces

genetic female

The XY pair of chromosomes produces

genetic male

A child who inherits an X chromosome from the mother and a Y chromosome from the father will be

genetically male.

In the context of the John/Joan case. when one twin's penis was irreversibly damaged in a medical procedure, John Money, a sex researcher persuaded the child's parents to raise the child as a:

girl, trusting socialization to establish a female identity for the infant.

Which of the following are examples of teratogens?

heroin German measles alcohol

Aging in the body's hormonal system can lower resistance to stress and increase the likelihood of disease.

hormonal stress theory

Information about movement, posture, and orientation is provided via the _____ senses.

kinesthetic

___________________ is a form of electromagnetic energy that can be described in terms of wavelengths.

light

Having two ears helps us to _______________ a sound because each ear receives somewhat different stimuli from the sound source.

localize

Our eyes capture light ________, much like a camera.

mechanically

The absolute threshold is defined by psychologists as the

minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect.

_____ development consists of changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide people as they interact with others.

moral

_________ development consists of changes with age in thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding the principles and values that guide people as they interact with others.

moral

According to critics, which of the following are not adequately addressed by Kohlberg's theory?

moral behavior interpersonal relationships the influence of culture

The taste buds in the mouth are contained in rounded bumps called

papillae.

Rewarding and punishing nonconforming gender behaviors in childhood is most strictly enforced by

peers

What are the three domains of development?

physical, cognitive, and socioemotional

The outer, visible, funnel-shaped part of the ear is called the

pinna.

_____________ theory states that each frequency of sound produces vibrations at a particular place on the basilar membrane.

place

What theory of hearing contends that areas of the basilar membrane are highly specialized, with each area responding to a different frequency?

place theory of hearing

Erica is asked if it's ever appropriate for people to protest violently against the government. She replies, "Yes, there are cases where it might be ethical, such as if the government is acting abusively toward its citizens." By focusing on the larger ethical principle, Erica shows that she is in Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.

postconventional

Four-year-old Sam is asked if it's acceptable to take another child's toy. Sam replies, "No, because Mom will get mad." By focusing only on the threat of punishment and not on the other child's rights or general rules about playing with others, Sam shows that he is in Kohlberg's _____ stage of moral development.

preconventional

Dr. Salzano is showing infants pictures of their parents and of strangers. He wants to know if the babies will consistently look at their parents rather than look at the two pictures equally. Dr. Salzano is using the _____ technique.

preferential looking

Erickson's psychological development

psychosocial

Legislatures around the country are thinking of doing all of the following to assist teen drivers EXCEPT

requiring teens to drive SUVs for extra protection in accidents.

A person's ability to adapt to or recover from difficult circumstances is known as

resilience

Bonanno's theory of grieving identifies four different patterns. Select all four.

resilience chronic dysfunction delayed grief or trauma recovery

A 16-year-old is inherently going to have more difficulty

resisting the distractions that might interfere with good driving.

Focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring others is _____ attention.

selective

Bette is able to focus on one voice in a crowded restaurant, demonstrating

selective attention.

The process of receiving stimulus energies from the external environment and transforming those energies into neural energy is called Multiple choice question.

sensation.

Sensory receptors adjust their response rates on the basis of the average amount of stimuli received, resulting in

sensory adaptation.

__________________ are the openings through which the brain and nervous system experience the world.

sensory receptors

Specialized cells that detect and transmit information to the sensory nerves and the brain are called

sensory receptors.

low activity level and tends to withdrawal from new experiences

slow-to-warm-up child

John Money, a well-known sex researcher, believed that _____ was the main determinant of gender.

socialization

When something causes a vibration and air molecules begin to move, _________ waves are created and can be detected by the ear.

sound

According to the research, young people consistently

take greater risks when their friends are watching, but they take the same number of risks as adults when they are by themselves.

The correct term for receptor cells located on the tongue that can sense taste is

taste buds.

Which of the following refers to an individual's behavioral style and characteristic ways of responding?

temperament

Which lobes of the brain are the cortical destination of the majority of auditory nerve fibers?

temporal

Alcohol, viruses, and nicotine are all categorized as ________________ because they can cause birth defects when a fetus is exposed to them.

teratogens

The principle by which individuals organize the perceptual field into stimuli that stand out and those that are left over is called

the figure-ground relationship.

Information regarding temperature is processed by __________ cells in the skin.

thermoreceptor

Sensory nerve endings under the skin that respond to temperature changes at or near the skin and provide input to keep the body's temperature at 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit are known as

thermoreceptors.

Development refers to the pattern of continuity and change in human capabilities that occurs

throughout life.

The _________ theory of color vision outlines three types of cones that work together to form color vision.

trichromatic

The ___________ theory of color vision outlines three types of cones that work together

trichromatic

Dr. Abramowitz is a psychological researcher studying infants. She shows infants cards with shapes in different colors, records the amount of time they spend looking at each card, and uses the information to determine whether infants can distinguish among objects. Dr. Abramowitz's research can best be described as

using the preferential looking technique.

The _____ cortex, located in the occipital lobe of the brain, is the part of the cerebral cortex that primarily deals with vision. Multiple choice question.

visual

The _______ cortex processes sensory information from the eyes in the occipital lobe of the brain.

visual

The ___________ cortex processes sensory information from the eyes in the occipital lobe of the brain.

visual

Light is measured by

wavelengths.