PSY201 Questions

Harriet recently took the WAIS-IV intelligence test. She was 20 years old at the time, and the result indicated that she had a mental age of 16. Harriet's intelligence quotient (IQ) is a)120. b)100. c)50. d)80.

80

Gordon got run over by a bus. Afterward, he could not receive signals from his sympathetic nervous system about his bodily responses. Gordon's doctor says that he can still experience emotion because the brain processes emotions. The doctor's statement is consistent with the __________ theory of emotion. a)drive reduction b)James-Lange c)Cannon-Bard d)two-factor

Cannon-Bard theory

Lisa and Tori are at a bar when a very attractive man stops to talk. Lisa's palms start to sweat, her heart rate increases, and her stomach does flip-flops. In contrast, Tori's face flushes, her muscles tense up, and her hands feel cold. Each woman experiences a different emotion based on her different bodily responses. This is best explained by the __________ theory of emotion. a)James-Lange b)Cannon-Bard c)two-factor d)drive reduction

James-Lange theory

You are watching Dancing with the Stars. Two contestants—one tall, thin male and one short, heavy female—are holding each other close and waltzing together. Which of the following grouping principles is likely to help you perceptually group the two dancers together? a)illusory contours b)similarity c)proximity d)continuity

Proximity

To make this a demonstration of vicarious learning, which could have occurred? a)The instructor makes you figure out how to fold the napkin with no instructions. b)The instructor trains you to look at a napkin and automatically blush. c)You watch your instructor fold the napkin, and then you fold it. d)Your adviser praises your instructor for folding the napkin well, and then you fold it.

Your adviser praises your instructor for folding the napkin well, and then you fold it

Mario must remember the planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto. Mario uses the first letter of each word (MVEMJSUNP) to make a sentence: "My Very Excellent Mother Just Served Us Nine Pickles." To remember the planets, Mario uses a)maintenance rehearsal. b)the method of loci. c)a mnemonic. d)persistence.

a mnemonic

Clive is a man who can remember only about 7 seconds at a time. He feels as though he is constantly "awakening for the first time" and can't remember new information. These symptoms can be explained by his dense __________, caused by damage to his __________. a)anterograde amnesia; hippocampus b)retroactive interference; cerebral cortex c)proactive interference; hippocampus d)retrograde amnesia; cerebral cortex

anterograde amnesia; hippocampus

Tiffany says, "I believe cheerleading is a sport. It is competitive and takes a lot of athletic ability!" Hugh says, "You're crazy! Cheerleading is not a sport. All they do is shake pom-poms and spell things loudly." Tiffany and Hugh clearly disagree about the __________ of sport. a)concept b)prototype c)exemplar d)schema

concept

Georgia must memorize a speech to give in class. Georgia knows that she should practice giving the speech in the same room where she will ultimately deliver it because this will help her remember the material. Georgia is going to use __________ to help her remember the speech. a) mnemonics b) state-dependent memory c) persistence d) context-dependent memory

context-dependent memory

Brand Z of bottled water puts sodium chloride (salt) in the water, which makes people thirsty. Which theory of motivation best explains why people might drink more bottles of Brand Z water than another brand of bottled water without salt? a) satisfaction of needs b) optimal arousal c) incentives d) drive reduction

drive reduction

Portia is wondering how to remember her new password. She realizes that 6/28 is her sister's birthday and FBI is the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Portia is likely to store the password in long-term memory because she is using a) elaborative rehearsal. b) the primacy effect. c) the recency effect. d) maintenance rehearsal.

elaborative rehearsal

Now Han has had enough! He asks his son to flush the toilet many times when Han is showering with very cold water so that Han no longer feels afraid of the toilet flushing. Han is attempting to perform on himself a learning procedure called a)spontaneous recovery. b)stimulus generalization. c)extinction. d)second-order conditioning.

extinction

When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the conditioned response (CR) in Step 4 is a)the toilet flushing. b)hot water. c)feeling afraid. d)feeling pain.

feeling afraid

When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the unconditioned response (UR) in Step 1 is a)the toilet flushing. b)hot water. c)feeling afraid. d)feeling pain.

feeling pain

Libby is drawing. She places her red pencil behind her ear to use another colored pencil. After a minute Libby doesn't feel the pencil behind her ear anymore and she forgets it is there. Libby is most likely experiencing a)learning by watching. b)sensitization. c)habituation. d)associative learning.

habituation

What part of your body is responsible for transducing pressure waves into signals that can eventually be perceived as a high-pitched tone? a)auditory nerve b)cochlea c)auditory cortex d)hair cells

hair cells

Han takes a shower in his family's new apartment. He gets the water perfect—not too hot, because that hurts! Then Han hears his son flush the toilet. The water gets very hot, which makes Han feel a lot of pain. After this happens a few times, Han feels afraid when he hears a toilet flush while he is in the shower. When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (US) in Step 1 is a)hot water. b)the toilet flushing. c)feeling pain. d)feeling afraid.

hot water

After chewing on a power cord, Biscotti the cat gets a nasty shock. Now Biscotti is always hungry, eating huge quantities of food many times a day. The shock has probably damaged the part of Biscotti's brain that influences eating, which is the a)hypothalamus. b)limbic system. c)gustatory cortex. d)frontal lobe.

hypothalamus

Eight-year-old Simon loves stickers. When he successfully completes his homework, he gets to choose two stickers from a jar. If Simon gets his homework done in order to get the stickers, then he was motivated by a) satisfaction of needs. b) drive reduction. c) incentives. d) optimal arousal.

incentives

In 1910, Giuseppe was 8 years old. He was given Binet's original test of mental abilities. When the test was scored, it was found that Giuseppe functioned mentally at the level of a 6-year-old child. This result reflects Giuseppe's a)intelligence quotient. b)mental age. c)crystallized intelligence. d)chronological age.

intelligence quotient

Lisa is a kindergarten teacher who wants her students to cooperate with each other. So when the students help each other, Lisa praises them. The students soon help each other more, as a result of a)positive reinforcement. b)negative reinforcement. c)positive punishment. d)negative punishment.

positive reinforcement

When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) in Step 4 is a)feeling pain. b)the toilet flushing. c)feeling afraid. d)hot water.

the toilet flushing

A doctor says that Ronald is overweight because of a problem with the biological mechanism that regulates fat over the long term. The doctor is saying that Ronald's __________ is not functioning correctly. a) stomach b) glucose c) leptin d) ghrelin

leptin

Lana and Seth have a vocabulary test tomorrow. Lana reads her list of words over and over. Seth uses the words in the list to tell a story about his own life. According to the __________ model of memory, the student who is more likely to place more words in long-term storage is __________. a)spreading activation;Lana b)spreading activation; Seth c)levels of processing; Lana d)levels of processing; Seth

levels of processing; Seth

Portia just got a new password to access her bank account: 628fbi. She repeats the code over and over, using __________ to remember it. a) spreading activation b) maintenance rehearsal c) elaborative rehearsal d) the primacy effect

maintenance rehearsal

NFL player Adrian Peterson used an object—in his case a tree branch—to discipline his 4-year-old son. According to court records, Peterson's son suffered cuts, marks, and bruising to his thighs, back, and one of his testicles. Peterson has said he never intended to harm his son and was only disciplining him in the same way he had been disciplined as a child growing up in East Texas. When Peterson disciplined his son, he was most likely showing ______. a)vicarious conditioning b)insight c)modeling d)observational learning

modeling

Fred racked up a $200 cell phone bill from his texting last month, and his parents are furious. They take away his phone for two weeks to teach him that he must reduce his texting. Fred's parents are using a)positive reinforcement. b)negative reinforcement. c)positive punishment. d)negative punishment.

negative punishment

In this scenario, the taking away of candy was __________. a)positive reinforcement b)negative reinforcement c)positive punishment d)negative punishment

negative punishment

Giovanni's dog Luna won't heel. To teach him to heel, Giovanni puts a choke chain and a leash on the dog somewhat tightly and goes for a walk. When Giovanni says "Heel" and Luna walks next to him, Giovanni loosens the choke chain. Now Luna heels much more often than before, due to a)positive reinforcement. b)negative reinforcement. c)positive punishment. d)negative punishment.

negative reinforcement

Dan loves playing exciting new racing video games that get his heart racing. His motivation to play these games is best explained by a) optimal arousal. b) drive reduction. c) satisfaction of needs. d) incentives.

optimal arousal

When Shane was born, his parents realized that he could not hear. They took Shane to the doctor and were told that there was no conduction of sound waves by the bones of Shane's middle ears. In other words, Shane's __________ were not functioning. a)eardrums b)auditory nerves c)ossicles d)hair cells

ossicles

When Mrs. Rodriguez has trouble hearing a student's question, she uses her hand to bend her ear to better funnel sound waves into her auditory canal. Mrs. Rodriguez is able to hear better by doing this because she is bending her a)hair cells b)outer ear c)ossicles d)middle ear

outer ear

Jill gets mad when her roommate, Brenda, uses Jill's stuff. Lately, when Jill catches Brenda using her stuff, Jill will play very loudly a song that Brenda hates. Now, Brenda is using Jill's stuff much less, due to the effect of a)positive reinforcement. b)negative reinforcement. c)positive punishment. d)negative punishment.

positive punishment

In this scenario, the giving of candy was __________. a)positive reinforcement b)negative reinforcement c)positive punishment d)negative punishment

positive reinforcement

Federico's son is 2 years old and is trying to learn how to tie his shoelaces. Federico knows how to tie the laces, but is having a hard time explaining the steps to his son. Federico is struggling with describing his __________ memory of how to tie shoes. a) episodic b) procedural c) semantic d) prospective

procedural

Natalie is a single mom who is poor and lives in a dangerous neighborhood. When a financially stable man wants to marry her, she says "yes" even though she does not love him. She does this because he will support Natalie and her daughter and give them a good home in a safe part of the suburbs. According to Maslow, Natalie's behavior suggests that her answer is motivated by the desire to satisfy her __________ needs. a)self-actualization b)safety c)physiological d)esteem

safety

Candy is an example of a __________ reinforcer. a)primary b)learned c)secondary d)biological

secondary

Ms. Gutierrez asked her preschool class to name a bird. Tillie called out, "Robin!" Suddenly several children said, "Blue jay!" "Eagle!" and "Sparrow!" According to spreading activation models of memory, the children retrieved many bird names from long-term store because the bird names were a)encountered very recently and still in short-term store. b)semantic memories, which are stored in a network of association. c)processed through sensory, short-term, and long-term stores. d)encoded very richly using elaborative rehearsal.

semantic memories, which are stored in a network of association

The tag on the back of Michael's shirt is very itchy. He keeps scratching his back and pulling at the tag, but it continues to bother him. Michael is most likely experiencing a)associative learning. b)sensitization. c)learning by watching. d)habituation.

sensitization

After suffering a large bruise during a somewhat wild game of Twister, Rachel feels a throbbing pain in her leg. This dull pain was most likely carried by a)fast fibers. b)warm receptors. c)slow fibers. d)cold receptors.

slow fibers

Doug was born with a malfunctioning thalamus. Sadly, most of his sensory experiences will be impaired except his sense of a)hearing. b)smell. c)vision. d)taste.

smell

Recall the story about Han being classically conditioned. Soon, Han notices that when he is in the shower and hears water running through the pipes, he feels afraid. Han is now most likely experiencing learning through a)spontaneous recovery. b)stimulus generalization. c)extinction. d)stimulus discrimination.

stimulus generalization

After seeing the movie Shark Attack 3D, Joaquin refused a friend's invitation to go swimming at the beach. If Joaquin refuses because he is remembering the bloody shark attacks in the movie, then his decision is best explained by a)an effect of framing. b)the availability heuristic. c)an algorithm. d)the representativeness heuristic.

the availability heuristic

Read the following paragraph: Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. The fact that you could read this paragraph is most likely due to a)top-down processes b)continuity c)bottom-up processes d)occlusion

top-down processing

Vicarious learning requires rewards and/or punishments. a)True b)False

true

"My stomach feels as if I swallowed a large, jagged rock," thought Jeff. "This interview must be making me feel very nervous." Jeff's emotions are best explained by the __________ theory of emotion. a)James-Lange b)two-factor c)drive reduction d)Cannon-Bard

two-factor