psy2430 final exam

Current research suggests that this vitamin might be the most vulnerable to depletion through the stress response.

Vitamin B complex

According to author and esteemed TED talk presenter Brene Brown, which of the following is commonly associated with fear?

Vulnerability

The autogenic technique is:

Where one relaxes the body by making the body parts heavy and warm by sending blood to the extremities.

Which of the following is not a myth about anger?

Women do not get as angry as men

Which of the following can be accurately stated about the gender difference of anger?

Women not only express anger differently, they have different stressors.

Which of the following best describes the codependent personality according to Anne Wilson Schaef?

addictive personality

Nature affects us in the following ways

all of the above

Which of the following are other names for "ecotherapy"?

all of the above

According to the latest research in emotional intelligence, this part of the brain is associated with fear/anger.

amygdala

The Seville Statement proclaimed:

anger has no instinctual basis in human behavior.

This trait, more than any other, distinguishes the sensation-seeker personality.

calculated risk taking

Exercise over 20 minutes in duration employs which of the following energy sources?

carbohydrates and fats

Biofeedback technology is very prevalent today, so much so it can be seen in each of these nanotechnologies except:

cavity fillings.

These three characteristics are thought to be associated with what is now known as the hardy personality.

challenge, control, commitment

This relaxation technique was engineered specifically for people with chronic pain.

clinical biofeedback

Zero firing threshold is:

complete muscle relaxation

When contracting muscles as part of progressive muscle relaxation:

contract only a specific muscle or muscle group while relaxing all others

As an intervention technique, progressive muscle relaxation is performed by:

contracting whatever muscle groups are tight.

With practice, individuals who use progressive muscle relaxation can reach the point of:

controlling neuromuscular electrical conduction complete muscle relaxation zero firing threshold All of these are correct

This hormone is thought to be associated with weight gain.

cortisol

Which of the following is not increased when cancer cells grown in Petri dishes to phytonicides?

cortisol

Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of spending time in nature?

decrease in sleep quality

All of the following are recommended to help boost your immune system except:

dramatically increase your consumption of proteins

Naturalist E. O. Wilson recoined the word biophilia to mean:

emotional affiliation with living organisms in nature.

Which of the following is the opposite of nutrient density?

empty calories

The helpless-hopeless personality is most closely associated with which of the following factors?

external locus of control

Maslow called this fear "the Jonah complex."

fear of failure

Codependent behavior deals mostly with this basic fear

fear of rejection

Jung called this fear "misoneism."

fear of the unknown

Shinrin-Yoku is the Japanese word for:

forest bathing

All but which one of the following are traits in the makeup of being resilient?

genetic make up

This personality type is now considered part of the foundation for positive psychology.

hardy personality

Edmundson introduced progressive muscle relaxation:

in 1929

In the process of "forest bathing," exposure to phytoncides is thought to produce this effect.

increase the immune system

Methylated xanthine is responsible for the following physiological reaction.

increased sympathetic activity

This type of muscle contraction is associated with persistent muscle tension.

isometric

Through ________, muscles contract without any noticeable motion.

isometric contraction

The advantage of biofeedback to other techniques is that:

it magnifies (amplifies) the body's conditioned response to the stress response

With regard to circadian rhythms, oncologists have observed that the most effective time for cancer patients to receive chemotherapy treatment is

mid-morning

Polyphasia is another name for:

multi-tasking

According to Schultz and Luthe, autogenic discharge is best described as:

muscle twitching due to emotional response

This relaxation technique, perhaps above all others, is documented to increase brain cell tissue associated with memory and attention span.

physical exercise

Systematic desensitization can best be described as:

repeatedly exposing oneself to tolerable levels of stressors.

The word autogenic means:

self-regulation

Interestingly enough, the word "vacation" entered the American lexicon:

soon after the Civil war

Which is NOT a variation of progressive muscle relaxation introduced after 1929

standing instead of lying down

According to self-esteem expert Nathaniel Brandon, high self-esteem has been described as:

the immune system of our consciousness.

The Japanese word karoshi means:

those who die from job stress

Currently, these are the two foods that seem to have not only the highest amount of genetic tinkering, but also the greatest number of food recalls.

tomatoes and corn

Emotional literacy refers to the ability to read and respond to:

your own emotions

According to Dr. Redford Williams, what percentage of Americans have levels of hostile anger that can produce serious health problems?

20%

According to the association that certifies trainers for the autogenic technique (ICAT), one must practice the heaviness formula before moving on to the warmth formula for _____ days.

20-22

According to research and best estimates, the average person today has approximately how many anger episodes per day?

20-25

One bout of cardiovascular activity (e.g., walking, running) can burn ______ calories of energy.

250-400

According to Dr. Edmund Jacobson, in PMR, each relaxation phase should last ______ seconds.

45

According to research, the average person spends about this much time outside each day.

5%

According to Dr. Edmund Jacobson, in PMR, each contraction should be held for ______ seconds.

5-10

It is proven that one must regularly participate in an exercise program for a minimum of _____ weeks to see beneficial changes that help reduce stress.

6-8

According to estimates by those who have studied the codependent personality, what is the percentage of the American population classified as codependent due to direct or indirect exposure to alcoholism?

96%

Concentric contraction is:

A muscle contraction during which the length of the muscle shortens.

Which is NOT one of the building blocks involved in muscle contraction?

A neurotransmitter

Exercise under 5 minutes in duration employs which of the following energy sources?

ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis

Which of the following is important to initiate progressive muscle relaxation?

All are important

The shoulder muscles:

All of the above

Muscular tension:

All of the above.

The textbook says anger:

All of the above.

Free radicals cause stress to the body in which of the following ways?

All of these are correct

Of the following components, which is the most crucial to reap benefits from aerobic exercise?

All of these are correct

The recommended position for performing the progressive muscle relaxation technique is:

All of these are correct

Which of the following is not a mineral that is depleted when a person experiences long-term stress?

Aluminum

This chemical agent is thought to be associated with "runner's high."

Beta-endorphin

This country was the first to measure population eustress as an index of "Gross Domestic Happiness."

Bhutan

This is thought to be the distinguishing characteristic of the survivor personality.

Biphasic traits

The American College of Sports Medicine suggests that these components of fitness be included in the design of every fitness training program.

Cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility

The rage reflex is attributed to:

Charles Darwin

. Self-esteem is thought to be comprised of which of the following components?

Connectedness, uniqueness, power, and role models

This type of biofeedback is most commonly used with the FBI for the purpose of lie detection.

Electrodermal

True or False? A helpless-hopeless personality is a function of an extreme internal locus of control.

False

True or False? According to research, Type A people are as likely to be found in a rural setting or an urban one.

False

True or False? At this time, there appears to be no correlation between cortisol levels and the accumulation of fat tissue.

False

True or False? At this time, there appears to be no positive effect on the quality of sleep as a result of regular exercise.

False

True or False? Autogenic training is the most commonly recommended relaxation technique for people suffering from chronic pain.

False

True or False? Binary biofeedback is specific in its means to demonstrate the amount of change in the level of feedback a person can generate.

False

True or False? Biofeedback has not been able to help people who suffer from insomnia.

False

True or False? Clinical biofeedback is held to be superior to all other relaxation techniques due to its ability to promote a deep sense of relaxation.

False

True or False? In Japan and China, forest bathing is not the same thing as forest therapy.

False

True or False? In the warm-up phase of a workout, stretching is done first and then the person slowly moves into the mode of the exercise chosen.

False

True or False? Jacobson believed that for PMR to be effective, one had to practice it twice a day for 20-minute intervals each.

False

True or False? Nature-Deficit Disorder was first observed in adults at the corporate worksite.

False

True or False? Of these attributes—challenge, control, and commitment—Suzanne Kobasa felt that challenge was the most important to determine a hardy personality.

False

True or False? Parasympathetic rebound occurs as a result of decreased levels of epinephrine secreted from the adrenal medulla.

False

True or False? Pilates is not recommended for people with chronic back pain.

False

True or False? Polyphasia is a stress-related, debilitating disease.

False

True or False? Progressive muscular relaxation is not recommended for people suffering with the chronic pain of TMJ.

False

True or False? Research reveals that randomly vented anger is a healthy means of emotional catharsis.

False

True or False? Self-image and self-esteem are basically the same thing.

False

True or False? The Harvard Happiness study found that trust was the most important aspect for happiness.

False

True or False? The basic process of progressive muscle relaxation consists of a progressive series of systematic phases combining concentric muscle contractions with periods of complete relaxation.

False

True or False? The isometric muscle tension used in progressive muscle relaxation decreases both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

False

True or False? With regard to circadian rhythms, oncologists have discovered that cancer cells respond better to chemotherapy in the afternoon hours than any other time of day.

False

In the indirect method of autogenic training, the suggested order of relaxation is which of the following?

Heaviness, warmth, heart, breathing, solar plexus, forehead

This Type A characteristic is thought to be most closely related to coronary heart disease.

Hostile aggressive behavior

Progressive muscle relaxation is used to effectively intervene in physical disorders such as:

Hypertension

Research has shown that biofeedback has a positive effect on which of the following conditions?

Hypertension, headaches, and Bruxism (TMJD)

Which statement is not true regarding creative anger management strategies?

Learn to disassociate from your anger.

Which of the following are thought to be the greatest social influence on Type A behavior?

Material wealth, secularization, and immediate gratification

In 2008, which of the following milestones was observed?

More people lived in urban centers than rural areas

By and large, the primary symptom of stress is:

Muscle tension

In terms of Type A behavior, polyphasia is best described as:

Performing several tasks at one time

Resiliency, as taught in courses at the Mayo Clinic to the U.S. military, includes developing or strengthening which of the following aspects?

Personality, humor, compassion, and gratitude

No relaxation technique is the "Fountain of Youth," but which of the following techniques seems to be the closest thing to it?

Physical exercise

This form of exercise is suggested for people with chronic lower back pain.

Pilates

Who coined the term Nature Deficit Disorder?

Richard Louv

The 7.8 Hz vibration that is produced by waterfalls, whale songs, and scores of other natural wonders is called:

Schumann resonance

Cutting" is an example of this mismanaged anger style.

Self-punishers

This mismanaged style of anger is represented by substituting anger (in the form of guilt) for another behavior.

Self-punishers

This mismanaged style of anger is represented by suppressing one's feelings.

Somatizers

Which of the following is NOT a "domino" in the food, stress, and health domino metaphor?

Stress suppresses appetite.

Actor Michael J. Fox might be considered an example of this personality type.

Survivor personality

Aron Ralston, the renowned rock climber, would be an example of this personality type.

Survivor personality

Nien Cheng, a political prisoner in Shanghai, China, would be a prime example of which personality type?

Survivor personality

According to Carl Jung, the unconscious mind is well versed in this method of articulating itself.

Symbolic thinking

Which of the following is not one of the steps in Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation?

The same muscle groups on both sides of the body should be sequentially.

Which of the following statements is not true based on research in the field of positive psychology and happiness?

There is no association between happiness and creativity.

Why are people who are stressed vulnerable to nutrient deficiency?

They don't replenish essential nutrients

Being in the presence of a force greater than yourself puts things in perspective by reducing the scale of personal problems

True

True or False? According to Anne Wilson Schaef, codependency has a direct relationship to the absence of spiritual health.

True

True or False? According to anger expert Jane Middleton-Moz, the reason why people are reaching their boiling point is due to a social disconnect brought on by technology.

True

True or False? According to research studies, a walk in the forest is associated with improved sleep quality.

True

True or False? According to some experts, the body's response to stress differs between anger and fear, only with regard to blood distribution.

True

True or False? Attention restoration therapy is a term first coined regarding apartment dwellers who had a view of nature.

True

True or False? By and large, anger has been ignored in the field of psychology and stress management due to the influences of Darwin and Freud.

True

True or False? Continuous running, swimming, walking, and cross-country skiing can all have the ability to serve as a form of meditation.

True

True or False? Despite the fact that biofeedback proves effective to reduce the symptoms of stress, experts still cannot explain exactly how it works

True

True or False? During progressive muscle relaxation, when you compare the difference between tension levels and states of relaxation, a greater awareness of relaxation will follow.

True

True or False? Ecotherapy means restoring optimal health through a routine exposure to and experience of nature.

True

True or False? Humans entrain on forest vibrations (through sympathetic resonance) by direct contact?

True

True or False? In England and the US, children typically spend less time outside than prison inmates.

True

True or False? In a review of hundreds of research articles, it was concluded that physical exercise is undeniably a proven means to reduce depression by as much as 41 percent.

True

True or False? Once proficient in progressive muscle relaxation technique, you can do it anywhere: while sitting in traffic, standing in line, or lying in bed trying to fall asleep.

True

True or False? PMR intercepts the stress response by direct conscious inhibition of the excitatory neural drive to muscle fibers

True

True or False? PMR is not recommended for people with high blood pressure

True

True or False? Physicians in the United States (and Scotland) are now prescribing nature therapy for their patients as a means to reduce stress.

True

True or False? Positive addiction is a term used to describe the beneficial psychological effects of aerobic exercise synonymous with that felt of the runner's high.

True

True or False? Regular exercise, specifically cardiovascular exercise, is shown to improve memory and attention span.

True

True or False? Research shows that codependent traits manifest in adulthood when married to or working with/for an alcoholic.

True

True or False? Residual tension is the level of tension after one tries to relax the muscle group completely.

True

True or False? Resiliency is the alchemy of control, commitment, and challenge.

True

True or False? Studies show that women are more likely to feel anger as guilt or shame, whereas men are more likely to express anger aggressively.

True

True or False? Systematic desensitization is a coping technique used to diffuse the feelings of fear.

True

True or False? The idea that personality traits associated with anxiety and depression (Type D personality) affect the course of heart disease is now supported by data.

True

True or False? The underlying premise of the progressive muscle relaxation technique is that once the body achieves a state of neuromuscular homeostasis, the mind will follow.

True

True or False? There are many reasons for depression, but unresolved anger and, to a lesser extent, fear are noted as significant precursors for this emotional state.

True

True or False? Those who have studied the stress emotions often suggest that depression is best described as "anger turned inward."

True

True or False? Today, more people worldwide live in urban areas than in rural areas.

True

True or False? What we have learned about anger is that ultimately, forgiveness is essential because unresolved feelings of anger only control the person who harbors them.

True

True or False? When a person first begins to exercise, they are working anaerobically because there is an insufficient amount of oxygenated blood at the site of the working muscles.

True

True or False? When people were shown photos of nature, it was noted there was an increase in alpha waves and serotonin levels.

True

According to research (Weiner) this, more than anything else, marked the essence of happiness.

Trust

Type D personality is most closely associated with:

Type A

The landmark Western Collaborative Groups Study found which of the following?

Type A is a greater risk factor than all other risk factors combined.

The use of sarcasm would be a mismanaged anger trait exhibited by:

Underhanders