psyc 101 exam 3, ch6 (online test)

a 5-yr-old observers a stranger in a store pretending to discipline a stuffed dog. when the stranger moves on to the next aisle, the girl picks up another stuffed animal and does the same thing. her behavior is similar to the finding of;

Albert bandura

To determine if watching television violence and playing violent video games cause children to act more aggressively, which research study would you conduct?

Randomly assign some children to play violent video games and some children to play educational games and then measure aggressive behaviors.

Three hours after eating at an airport fast-food restaurant, Karen got extremely nauseous while in flight. The next time she was in the airport and walked by that restaurant, she felt a wave of nausea. Which statement does NOT explain this phenomenon?

The restaurant became an unconditioned stimulus (US) for nausea.

Tina's goal is to raise children who enjoy playing musical instruments. Given what you know about observational learning, which strategy would you recommend to her?

Tina should play her own musical instrument in front of her children.

Road construction prevents you from getting to campus using the route that you usually travel. You think about the situation for a moment and then come up with a different route to take. To figure out this alternative route, you are using _____ to devise a different route.

a cognitive map

In classical conditioning, extinction of the learned response involves _____, while in operant conditioning, extinction of a learned response involves _____.

a decrease in the conditioned response (CR) when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is repeatedly presented alone; a decrease in responding when reinforcement stops

In classical conditioning, this term refers to the initial stage when we link a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the unconditioned response, making it the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, it is the strengthening of a reinforced response.

acquisition

Learning that certain events occur together is called

associative learning

Learning that certain events occur together is called:

associative learning

learning certain events occur together is called

associative learning

the acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, observing others, or though lanuage, is called

cognitive learning

Children who are promised a payoff for playing with an interesting toy have later been observed to play with the toy less than those who are not promised the reward. These findings provide support for the role of _____ in operant behavior.

cognitive processes

Children who are promised a payoff for playing with an interesting toy have later been observed to play with the toy less than those who are not promised the reward. This provides evidence for the role of ________ in operant behavior.

cognitive processes

If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a _____ reinforcer.

conditioned

A word of praise is to a delicious meal as a _____ is to _____.

conditioned reinforcer; primary reinforcer

in classical conditioning, the learned stimulus/response to a previously netural stimulus is called

conditioned response

Continuously checking to see if a batch of cookies is done baking is an example of the _____ schedule of reinforcement.

fixed-interval

Periodically checking to see if the cookies are ready is an example of the _____ schedule of reinforcement.

fixed-interval

Marcus is taking advanced placement chemistry in high school because he loves science and is fascinated by chemistry experimentation. Wade is taking advanced placement chemistry because his guidance counselor told him he had to if he intended to apply to a pre-med program at a competitive university. Marcus is motivated by _____, while Wade is motivated by _____.

intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation

An empathic husband who observes his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. This BEST illustrates the functioning of:

mirror neurons.

_______ reinforcement involves any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response.

negative

Nannette's daughter refused to brush her teeth and threw her toys across the room. Nannette gave her daughter a 20-minute time-out. This is an example of:

negative punishment.

John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of

observable behavior

Tina is a 7-year-old girl who frequently witnesses her father's anger and physical abuse toward her mother. In Tina's room, she is playing with her toys and begins to yell at them and hit them for "being so stupid and not having dinner ready." Her behavior is a clear example of:

observational learning.

this type of behavior ( or associated with) consequences

operant

At work, there is a vending machine that gives extra candy bars when a worker selects either the "A" or "B" choices. This worker continues to frequent this machine regularly and selects the "A" or "B" choices to make sure they get extra candy bars. This BEST illustrates:

operant conditioning.

Jennifer trained her dog to howl when he heard Jennifer play the piano by giving him a treat for doing so. One day in her car, Jennifer played a CD of a piano concerto and her dog began to howl. The dog learned to howl through _____ and also demonstrated _____ of a learned response. .

operant conditioning; generalization

To reduce the disruptive behavior of some children, a teacher might slap the desk with a ruler to startle them. The sound of the slap is a _____.

positive punishment

To reduce the self-destructive behavior of some children, a therapist might squirt water in the children's faces whenever they bite themselves. The squirt of water is a:

postive punishment

This is the opposite of antisocial behavior

prosocial

Findings from John Garcia's research on taste aversion in rats indicate that:

rats are more likely to develop aversions to taste than they are to sights or sounds.

in operant conditioning, any event that strengthes a behavior is a;

reinforcer

This type of behavior occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus.

respondent

this type of behavior occurs as an automatic response to a stimulus

respondent

A guest will be spending time in Mrs. Bartos' classroom. To make sure her students imitate this guest's prosocial behaviors, Mrs. Bartos should pick someone who the children think is:

similar to them

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin's new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

spontaneous recovery

One of Ivan Pavlov's major contributions to the field of psychology was to show how

the discipline of psychology could be based on objective laboratory methods.

Most learning involves the process of association. In classical conditioning, an organism comes to associate:

two stimuli

Most learning involves the process of association. In classical conditioning, an organism learns to associate

two stimuli

Most learning involves the process of associations. In classical conditioning, an organism learns to associate:

two stimuli

in classical conditioning, this is the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus (ucs), such as salivation when the food is in the mouth

unconditioned response (UCR)

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed into one's eye is a(n):

unconditioned response (UR)

In classical conditioning, this is the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth.

unconditioned response (UR)

Because she has oversight responsibility for the servicing and repair of her company's fleet of cars, Rhonda frequently calls the garage mechanic to inquire whether service on various cars has been completed. Because service completion times are unpredictable, she is likely to be reinforced with positive responses to her inquiries on a ________ schedule.

variable-interval

Pop quizzes and random checks of quality help to produce slow, steady responding, and are examples of the _____ schedule of reinforcement.

variable-interval

Jack finds it extremely difficult to pull himself away from the blackjack table. He keeps thinking he will break even as the next hand will be his winning one. This is a ________ schedule.

variable-ratio