PSYC: 101 - Quiz 6
Allport proposed ______ types of traits in the personality, and they are called _____.
3; cardinal, central, and secondary traits
Regarding Freud's view on personality development, which of the following statements is FALSE?
Freud believed that boys develop womb envy and girls develop penis envy.
Dr. Provost lectures to her Psychology of Personality class on the "Big Five." What is the topic of Provost's lecture?
The five-factor model of personality
Abraham Maslow believed all but which of the following?
The majority of humans become fully self-actualized by the time they reach old age.
The second of Freud's stages of psychosexual development is called the ____.
anal stage
A(n) ______ culture is one that emphasizes social roles and obligations.
collectivistic
Using an iceberg analogy, the tip of the iceberg is most like which level of consciousness in Freud's theory?
conscious
In psychoanalytic theory, the personality structure that organizes ways to handle delays of gratification and represents "reason and good sense" is the
ego.
From Freud's perspective, a boy resolves his Oedipus complex by ____.
forsaking incestuous desires for his mother and identifying with his father
From Freud's perspective, a boy resolves his Oedipus complex by
forsaking incestuous desires for his mother and identifying with his father.
The most widely held view in contemporary psychology is that _____.
genetic factors are somewhat more important than environmental factors in determining our personalities
The construct of ____ represents the belief that behavior involves an interrelationship between personality traits and situational factors.
interactionism
When taken to extremes, collectivistic values might lead to undesirable consequences, such as _____.
needlessly limiting creativity, innovation, and personal initiative
Shawn is more likely to smoke marijuana in situations where he believes it will make him relaxed than in situations where he feels he will make a fool of himself. Shawn's ideas about smoking marijuana reflect his
outcome expectations.
The combination of psychological characteristics and behavior patterns that characterize the uniqueness of an individual and the ways in which the individual relates to the world and adapts to environmental demands is called
personality.
In the humanistic perspective, realization of one's own potential is known as
self-actualization.
According to humanists, personality is
the expression of conscious experience of directing ourselves towards achieving our own unique potentials.
Alfred Adler's individual psychology emphasized the importance of the creative self, which is _____.
the part of the personality that is aware of itself and organizes goal-seeking behavior
Regression is
the return of behavior that is typical of earlier stages of development.
According to Freud, most of the human mind resides in the ______, and primitive sexual and aggressive instincts lie in the ______.
unconscious; unconscious
Darius scores high on psychoticism. In which way is Darius likely to be perceived by others?
Antisocial, hostile, and insensitive
Amy is from a collectivistic culture. Compared to her cousin Andre, who is from an individualistic culture, Amy is MORE likely to value which of the following?
Respect for elders
William's self-esteem is relatively low. According to social-cognitive theorists, William might improve his self-esteem by _____.
improving a particular skill, such as playing a piano
According to Adler, because of their small size and limited abilities, all children harbor feelings of
inferiority.
Reciprocal determinism
is the idea that cognitions, behaviors, and environmental factors influence each other.
Cybill takes a personality test based on Eysenck's theory and finds that her "type" is extraverted-stable. Which description most likely fits Cybill?
lively, carefree, and sociable
An individual's general belief about his or her ability to obtain reinforcements is referred to as
locus of control.
Gordon Allport thought that cardinal traits are _____.
pervasive characteristics that influence a person's behavior in most situations
According to the reality principle, the purpose of the ego is to ____.
search for socially acceptable outlets for the id's desire
William has set a series of goals for himself that are practically unachievable, and his self-esteem drops each time he fails to meet one of his goals. William needs to know that _____.
setting realistic, achievable goals will enhance his self-esteem
