PSYC 1101 ACHIEVE CHAPTER 4

Olivia and Abigail are sisters. Olivia began walking when she was 10 months old. Their mother can expect Abigail to begin walking at _____ months of age.

10

formal operational

12+ years

preoperational

2 to 6 years

Leanne is 5 months old. Chastity is 8 months old. Dominique is 25 months old. Which infant should show the MOST evidence of stranger anxiety?

Chastity

In psychology, the MOST influential theory of moral development in psychology is that of:

Kohlberg.

Jason is 16 years old. One day he has blonde hair; the next day it is green. One day he looks goth, and the next he looks like a jock. He recently asked his parents if he could get a tattoo. Should Jason's parents be worried?

No, this is just Jason trying to find his identity.

sensorimotor stage

Piaget's initial stage in which infants experience the world through senses and actions (looking, touching, mouthing, and grasping)

Which statement BEST exemplifies the influence of continuity rather than stages?

Students learn new facts about history from taking a school course.

Sara just found out that her sister conceived about seven days ago. She rushes to find a book on pregnancy so that she can learn more about it. What will the book say is happening around the seventh day of pregnancy?

The cells of the zygote are beginning to differentiate.

critical period

a period of time, or "window of opportunity," during which outside factors can influence development

After Nadia learned that penguins cannot fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. In Piaget's theory, this BEST illustrates the process of:

accommodation

Sharon's father demands total obedience from his children. When he speaks, he expects his children to listen. There is no discussion and no arguing. He has zero tolerance for anyone breaking the rules he has decreed. Sharon's father has a(n) _____ parenting style.

authoritarian

Which term is NOT matched with the correct social development concept?

avoidant—parenting style

sensorimotor

birth to 2 years

attachment usually grows from

close body contact

Zygote

conception to 2 weeks

A baby duck will fail to imprint on its mother if it does not see her within a few hours of hatching. This BEST illustrates the concept of a(n) _____ period in development.

critical

An introductory psychology student expresses an interest in growth and change during childhood and adolescence. Which psychology course should the student consider taking next semester?

developmental psychology

Compared to a century ago, menarche now occurs _____ in life and adult independence begins _____ in life.

earlier; later

Randi is in the fifth week of her pregnancy, which means that her baby is in the _____ period of prenatal development.

embryo

The correct order of prenatal development is zygote, _____, and, finally, fetus.

embryo

From the late teens into the mid-twenties, individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.

emerging

The MOST immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of:

feeding.

Christina is in the eighth grade and is taking pre-algebra. She is doing very well and will be studying algebra next year. Christina is MOST likely in which of Piaget's stages of cognitive development?

formal operational

Following the death of a local teenager, Melissa came to believe that the teen had been profiled as a potential threat because he was an African American youth. She decided to join in the protests and actively engaged in public demonstrations in her community and high school. According to Piaget, Melissa has entered the _____ stage of development.

formal operational

Keith is 16 years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his son's pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Keith is in the stage of development called _____ versus role confusion.

identity

According to Erik Erikson, older adults can MOST effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of _____.

integrity

Ideally, elderly adults believe that their lives have had meaning and purpose. That is, they feel a sense of:

integrity.

The end of the female menstrual cycle is called:

menopause.

Does imprinting occur in humans?

no

Reflecting a use-it-or-lose it approach, unused synaptic connections are eliminated during infancy and childhood in a process called:

pruning

postconventional morality

reasoning based on conscience; focused on self-chosen values or universal ethical principles

preconvential morality

reasoning based on consequences for self; focused on gaining rewards and avoiding punishment

At Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning, moral decisions are based on:

self-interest

According to Jean Piaget, object permanence and stranger anxiety are the developmental phenomena that occur during the _____ stage of cognitive development.

sensorimotor

Dedalus Hyde of the Bay Area Trauma Center states that traumatic events in childhood are the memories most associated with_____, which makes it very difficult to talk about those experiences.

shame

Dr. Babineaux asks a sample of 8-year-old children to complete measures of several personality traits. When the same children are 16 years old, she asks them to complete measures of the same traits. Dr. Babineaux then computes correlations between the two sets of measures. Her results are MOST relevant to the _____ issues.

stability and change

Embryo

2 weeks through 8 weeks

Approximately _____ percent of those who have been abused later abuse their own children, a proportion _____ times the national average.

30; 4

How many stages are in Piaget's cognitive development in children

4

Children master the principle of conservation of liquid between ages ____ and ____.

5;7

concrete operational

6 to 12 years

Fetus

9 weeks to birth

A landmark study conducted by researchers at Kaiser Permanente and the CDC in the late 1990s looked at the histories of 17,000 patients with ACEs, which stands for __________.

Adverse Childhood Experiences

secure attachment

Ainsworth's term for infants who derive comfort and confidence from close contact with their caregiver, and show distress when the caregiver leaves

insecure attachment

Ainsworth's term for infants who don't seem to be comforted by contact with their caregiver; they cling nervously while the caregiver is present, but show little distress when the caregiver leaves

Having 4 or more ACEs is associated with _______.

All the other answer choices are correct.

_____ psychology examines growth and change in physical, cognitive, and social areas across the life span.

Developmental

Liz's sister and her husband want their 4-year-old daughter to learn a new language and would like to start immediately. What advice would Liz give?

Early childhood is the best time to learn a new language.

The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by _____ theory.

Erik Erikson's psychosocial development

Thirteen-year-old Ariana is getting more involved in risky behaviors, which has her mother very worried. Ariana is also more impulsive and emotionally volatile than she used to be. What is the MOST likely explanation for Ariana's behavior?

a pubertal hormonal surge

strange situation

a special research procedure used by Ainsworth to study the attachment relationship between an infant and the primary caregiver

Dr. Joachim warns a pregnant patient that her recreational use of a particular drug may cause harm to her fetus. The drug is classified as:

a teratogen.

formal operational stage

according to Piaget, the teenager can use abstract reasoning to consider the logical form of the problem rather than its concrete aspects

Marcus is the son of a teenage mother. She could not handle taking care of him and put him up for adoption when he was 4 weeks old. Marcus was adopted by a family that loves and cares for him. It is MOST likely that Marcus will:

become a normal adult with average intelligence.

Because of cataracts, a neighbor was deprived of visual experiences during early childhood. Last year, her vision was restored by surgery but she is having difficulty in dealing with the visual world. This is probably because:

brain cells normally devoted to vision died or were diverted to other uses.

developmental psychology

branch of psychology that studies how people typically change physically, cognitively, and socially as they move through the chronological periods of the life span

In grade school, Jessica thought boys had cooties and refused to be within inches of them. Now in high school, she flirts with boys and is anticipating dancing close with some of them at an upcoming dance. Her attitude toward boys represents the _____ side of the _____ developmental issue.

change; stability and change

Maneesha is studying cognitive development during adulthood. She administers several memory and problem-solving tasks to a group of 20-year-olds, a group of 40-year-olds, and a group of 70-year-olds. Maneesha is using a _____ research design. Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.

cross-sectional

A person "in between" adolescence and adulthood, who is no longer a teen but has yet to assume the full range of "grown-up" responsibilities, is in the phase of life known as:

emerging adulthood.

Several survivors of a 2018 school shooting in Parkland, Florida, have become nationally recognized advocates for gun control. These students' ability to think abstractly about a complex topic reflects Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

formal operational

Regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which list contains items that all belong together?

formal operational, age 14, abstract logic

Peter is 54. He has just celebrated his twenty-fifth anniversary at his company. He feels that his gold watch is just a meaningless trinket and is glad that he balanced his work with family life. According to Erik Erikson, Peter is in the stage of development called _____ versus _____.

generativity; stagnation

imprinting

in some animals, an instinct-based attachment formed very early in life during a critical period for this process

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter. She frequently ignores her daughter's cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is MOST likely to display signs of:

insecure attachment.

Mike is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Mike is in the stage of development called _____ versus _____.

integrity; despair

conventional morality

reasoning based on social rules and expectations; focused on lawful behavior that maintains the social order

Dr. Nadine Burke Harris states that during the pandemic, we have seen a reduction in ________.

reports of child maltreatment

Three-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room while his mother is in the room. However, if she briefly leaves and then returns, he will return periodically to her side for brief moments. Adam MOST clearly displays signs of:

secure attachment.

concrete operational stage

stage in which, according to Piaget, the older child can think logically about concrete events and solve math problems using logical operations

preoperational stage

stage in which, according to Piaget, the young child becomes capable of representing things with words and images, but can't yet use logical reasoning

Sixteen-year-old Sharin writes original song lyrics in a journal. They are convinced that their insights are unique and profound. Sharin's example BEST illustrates:

the personal fable.