PSYC-3004 Quiz Questions

"I'm no fool, no sirree! I'm gonna live to be 103. . . ." sang the Disney character Jiminy Cricket decades ago. If Jiminy Cricket had been a human (most crickets live only a few weeks), what's the BEST advice you could have given him to live a very long life?

"Accept life's challenges with optimism, have good health habits, and inherit 'longevity' genes."

On average, patients receiving therapy for a psychological problem improve more than do _____ of people with similar problems who do not receive treatment.

75 percent

Elimination disorders are diagnosed when which criteria have been met?

A child has reached an age at which he or she is expected to control bodily functions

Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of one part of the identity from another part?

A dissociative disorder

Which would provide the BEST evidence for the cognitive explanation for depression?

A finding that people show negative thoughts before they become depressed

What is the primary difference between a common fear and a phobia?

A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the object

The decrease in the fluency and productivity of speech that is seen in schizophrenia is specifically termed

Alogia

If this neurocognitive disorder occurs before the age of 65, it is thought to have a stronger genetic component.

Alzheimer's disease

Those people MOST likely to develop stress disorders are

Anxious, and think they cannot control negative things that happen to them

The mockingbird gets its name from the fact that it often imitates the call of other birds, without conveying any particular message. A child who imitates others' speech without any sign of understanding it MOST likely would be diagnosed with

Autism spectrum disorder

A person who believes that it is awful and catastrophic when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying a

Basic irrational assumption

"Abnormal behaviors—indeed, all behaviors—are acquired through learning." Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent?

Behavioral

Psychological theories focused on learned responses to the environment are usually described as

Behavioral

The central feature of bulimia nervosa is

Binge eating followed by a compensatory behavior

Lisa felt like she was on an emotional roller coaster. She felt angry and empty. Lisa's feelings are MOST similar to those of someone with which personality disorder?

Borderline

Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve

Bringing the four body humors back into balance

A manager who feels anxious about speaking in front of large groups frequently has a couple of glasses of wine to "relax" before beginning to speak. This "medicinal" use of alcohol can be explained MOST easily

By operant conditioning

Abnormal activity involving which element appears to contribute to the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Calcium

The Rosenthal effect

Can be avoided by using a double blind design

Recent studies show that children with autism spectrum disorder are more likely than other children to have abnormalities in which section of the brain?

Cerebellum

Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you it's your imagination, but eventually, you come to think your friends are hiding something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This thinking leads you down the "rational path to madness." This scenario is consistent with the

Cognitive view

Recent work has revealed that the MOST effective treatment for autism spectrum disorder has been the use of

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Rather than seeking to eliminate hallucinations and delusions, which form of therapy helps people learn to reinterpret their hallucinations and change their reactions to the hallucinations?

Cognitive-behavioral

A child has repeatedly engaged in shoplifting and in hitting neighborhood pets with rocks. The child frequently is aggressive and has engaged in an increasing number of fights. The MOST appropriate diagnosis for this child is

Conduct disorder

Which was NOT used by the framers of the DSM-5 to ensure the validity of the new edition?

Decreasing the number of diagnostic categories

An 80-year-old hospitalized individual is recovering from surgery but now has gotten an infection. Over the course of a few days, the person shows increasing confusion and consistently misinterprets what others are trying to communicate. The MOST probable diagnosis for this condition would be

Delirium

The symptom of schizophrenia most likely to be relieved by antipsychotic drugs is

Delusions

The effects of taking hallucinogens accompanied by feelings that objects are changing size, that other people are distorted, and that one might be mechanical is MOST similar to

Depersonalization

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is used MOST often in the treatment of

Depression

Alzheimer's is a brain _____ while stroke is a brain _____.

Disease; Injury

Research indicates that the MOST important neurotransmitter in the "pleasure pathway" of the brain is probably

Dopamine

A child is awakened during the night, uses the toilet, and receives a sticker and praise from a parent. Later in the week, accumulated stickers may be turned in for a highly desired toy. This child is undergoing

Dry-bed training for enuresis

Therapies that have received clear research support are called

Evidence-based therapies

A clinical psychologist that says, "How do I decide on the best treatment? Simple: I make sure to read the most recent research studies in therapy and follow their advice." This clinical psychologist believes in using

Evidence-based treatment

A person with post-traumatic stress disorder who is upset by what she or he had to do to survive and perhaps even feels unworthy of surviving is

Experiencing increased anger, anxiety, and guilt

An obsessive-compulsive person who was told that everyone was required to wear shoes at all times in the house and not to vacuum for a week would be experiencing what therapy procedure?

Exposure and response prevention

The primary motivating emotion a person with anorexia experiences is

Fear

Which is an example of a specific social anxiety?

Fear of public speaking

Psychodynamic therapies may not be very effective in the treatment of substance use disorders because

Finding the cause of a substance use disorder is less important than treating the use as an independent problem

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of _____ at certain receptor sites in the brain.

GABA

Immediately preceding the onset of an eating disorder in a woman, one would MOST likely find that she

Had been successful in losing weight and had been praised by family

The main difference between hallucinations and delusions is that

Hallucinations involve perception and elusions involve belief

Compared to projective tests, personality inventories

Have higher validity

Cheri is 25, has an IQ of 60, and never did well at schoolwork. However, she now lives on her own, has a job, and is able to perform the routine chores of life. She would not be considered to have intellectual disability because

Her daily functioning is adequate

The drug that produces effects similar to what neurotransmitters called endorphins produce is

Heroin

For those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a

Hospital

The "moral treatment" movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because

Hospitals became underfunded

One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder is based on

How long the anxiety symptoms last

"When we try to establish how abnormality develops, we need to consider how individuals deal with the meaning of life and with the value they find in living." A psychologist from which background would agree MOST strongly with this statement?

Humanistic-existential

Lucille experiences severe mood, personality, and movement changes. Her condition is progressive and inherited. She MOST likely has:

Huntington's disease

The part of the brain MOST closely associated with the control of eating and body weight is the

Hypothalamus

Studies show that eccentric individuals are more likely than those with mental disorders to say

I'm different and I like it

Henry goes into a fit of depression and self-abuse when anyone criticizes or expresses disapproval. Also, much of what he does is for the purpose of getting people to like him. Cognitive theorists would say that Henry's depression results in large part from

Illogical thinking

Which is NOT listed in the text as associated with depression in the elderly?

Increased financial problems

For people to decide about participating in psychological research, they must be given knowledge of the nature of the study and their rights. This principle is called

Informed consent

A panel of psychologists and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interviews of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high

Interrater reliability

Janet is concerned for her teen daughter. She wants her to have a positive self-image, to have high self-esteem, and to be satisfied with her body. Based on what you know about adolescence and body dissatisfaction, what advice would you give Janet?

Janet should encourage her daughter to avoid various forms of social media as research has shown that the more time teens spend on social media, the higher their body dissatisfaction.

The individual considered to be the founder of the modern study of psychopathology is

Johann Weyer

Projective tests for personality assessment are designed to

Learn about unconscious conflicts in the client

A researcher finds a strong positive correlation between ratings of life stress and symptoms of depression. Therefore, the researcher may be confident that

Life stress and depression are related

A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes

Mania

Is there any genetic explanation for substance use disorders?

Maybe; those with a substance use disorder are more likely than those without a disorder to have an abnormal D2 receptor gene.

The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief that

Mental illness should be treated humanely and with respect

An interviewer who asks a client questions such as "Where are you now?", "Why do you think you're here?", or even "Who are you?" is probably conducting a(n)

Mental status exam

To study the general effectiveness of treatment, Smith and Glass and their colleagues performed a(n)

Meta-analysis of many studies

Which medical problem associated with anorexia nervosa is MOST likely to lead to death?

Metabolic and electrolyte changes

The test that reports one's results on clinical scales such as "hypochondriasis" (HS) and "psychopathic deviate" (PD) is the

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

A particular problem found MORE often in the elderly that is related to substance abuse is

Misuse of prescription drugs

Schizotypal personality disorders differ from other "odd" personality disorders in that they are related to schizophrenia and

Mood disorders

Which statement is accurate regarding antisocial personality disorder?

Most who have it are not treated, and most who are treated are not helped much.

The assessment instrument MOST likely to be used to detect subtle brain abnormalities is the

Neuropsychological test

Studies attempting to relate personality traits to potential for developing substance abuse show that

No single trait or combination of traits predicts substance abuse

Investigators have shown that traumatic events are related to abnormal activity of the neurotransmitter

Norepinephrine

A clinician having knowledge that a person about to be interviewed has already been diagnosed as having an anxiety disorder could lead to

Observer bias

Individuals with anorexia nervosa often show which personality characteristic?

Obsessive-compulsive tendencies

The finding that syphilis causes general paresis is important because it supports the idea that

Organic factors can cause mental illness

Which of the following is not typical of major depressive disorder?

Overtalkative, overexcited, and overactive

Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of

Paranoid personality disorder

An intervention in which parents and their children who have been diagnosed with conduct disorder do behavior therapy targeting and rewarding desired behavior is called

Parent management training

Which professions put one MOST at risk for an eating disorder?

Performers and certain athletes

Systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of

Phobias

Use of projective tests has decreased in the past few decades because projective tests often have

Poor validity

Which treatment would a behavioral therapist be MOST likely to use with a patient with unipolar depression?

Praise for engaging in positive activities

In explaining why women are diagnosed with anxiety disorders and depression twice as often as men, multicultural therapists would focus on

Prejudice and discrimination faced by women

Which perspective was supported by the discovery that the symptoms of hysteria (e.g., mysterious paralysis) could be induced by hypnosis?

Psychogenic

Downward drift is BEST reflected in which statement?

Schizophrenia causes people to fall into poverty and social disruption.

Recently, this behavior has been added to the list of behaviors that may contribute to subintentional deaths:

Self-Injury

Recently, a client diagnosed with schizophrenia has begun to exhibit more symptoms, often saying, "They tell me I'm crazy, so I must be crazy." MOST likely, this is an example of

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A friend says, "I'm thinking about getting some help for my problem drinking. What's the most commonly used form of treatment?" The correct answer is

Self-help groups

Samantha is trying to lose weight. Her physician has suggested that she record when she eats, what she eats, how often she feels hungry, and anything else related to her dietary habits. This is an example of

Self-monitoring

Avoidant personality disorder seems MOST closely related to

Social anxiety

"Who wouldn't be afraid all the time? We have the bomb, overpopulation, AIDS, and violent crime everywhere. It is difficult to get a good job unless you understand all that complicated computer junk." This complaint is consistent with a _____ explanation of generalized anxiety disorder.

Sociocultural

People around those who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia begin to treat them as if they are "crazy," expecting and overreacting to odd behaviors that they might not even notice in others. This observation is MOST consistent with the _____ understanding of schizophrenia.

Sociocultural

MOST cases of mild intellectual disability seem to be related to

Sociocultural and psychological factors

Which of the following is NOT a common trigger for depression in old age?

Stability of residence or environment

Another term for developing common standards, or norms, for an assessment tool is

Standardization

Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. The experience left her hurt and frightened. The next month she was visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane (dog). It frightened her even though she had never had a bad experience with a dog. Karen's fear of this dog is an example of

Stimulus generalization

A child with an anxiety disorder would be MOST likely to report which symptom?

Stomach pains

A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior as detailed above would be

Substance use disorder

Symptoms such as sadness, loss of appetite, and low energy cluster together to form a(n)

Syndrome

Pairing the thought of feared objects and relaxation training is an aspect of

Systematic desensitization

Clinical interviews are the preferred assessment technique of many practitioners. One particular strength of the clinical interview process is

The chance to get a general sense of the client

The term used to refer to the comprehensive view of the causes and the maintenance of a person's abnormal behavior that a psychologist develops is

The clinical picture

In general, behavioral treatments for substance use disorders are more successful when

The person receiving the therapy is highly motivated to continue

Which of the following is NOT true regarding nutraceuticals?

They are bound by the same legal requirements as conventional medications.

What do acute and post-traumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociative disorders?

They are triggered by traumatic events

What is a common reason for the hospitalization of people with borderline personality disorder?

They may attempt suicide or otherwise hurt themselves

According to cognitive theorists, the underlying distortion in eating disorders is related to

Too much concern with eating, shape, and weight

Behavioral and cognitive theorists propose that people who develop narcissistic personality disorder may have been treated

Too positively in early life

The main contribution of Philippe Pinel to the care of those with severe mental illnesses was to

Treat patients with sympathy and kindness

A person you know has just started experiencing delirium tremens. "The DTs" will probably last

Two or three days, with a significant risk of problems like seizure or stroke

The BEST way to select a random sample of 10 students from a class would be to

Write each student's name on a piece of paper, put the papers in a pile, close one's eyes, and pick 10 papers

Hilde Bruch's ego deficiency view of children with eating disorders involves

children lacking control over their lives and misperceiving internal cues.

Regarding treatment of depression in the elderly, studies show that

drug treatments may need to be altered because drugs are broken down differently in the older body.

A strength of intelligence tests includes their

large standardization sample.

A client is initially very resistant to therapy, cannot acknowledge weaknesses, and ignores feedback. MOST likely, the client is experiencing

narcissistic personality disorder and will not make much progress in therapy.

A woman has just been diagnosed with postpartum depression. MOST likely, she will

neither progress to postpartum psychosis nor physically harm her child.

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia

people with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present.

Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting

schizoid personality disorder.

The strong relationship between antisocial personality disorder and substance abuse means that

there are high rates of substance abuse among those with antisocial personality disorder.