PSYC 305 quiz guide

Family studies of schizophrenia reveal that a. Schizophrenia is more evident among first-degree relatives of patients than it is among more distant relatives b. virtually all relatives of patients have had or will have schizophrenia at one time or another c. schizophrenia is sex-linked d. schizophrenia is seen only in siblings of patients, but never in their parents

a. Schizophrenia is more evident among first-degree relatives of patients than it is among more distant relatives

Hans Selye labeled the initial response to stress the a. alarm reaction b. exhaustion phase c. resistance phase d. general adaptation syndrome

a. alarm reaction

A dinural animal will likely feed during the a. daytime b. period just before dusk c. nighttime d. daytime and nighttime

a. daytime

Which statement is most true about cross-cultural observations of facial expressions? a. facial expressions are subject to culture-specific display rules b. all facial expressions are interpreted similarly across cultures c. only the static features of facial expression are culture-invariant d. explicit cultural training is needed to interpret facial expressions

a. facial expressions are subject to culture-specific display rules

Patients with damage to the amygdala do poorly in interpreting facial expressions as indicators of a. fear b. contempt c. sadness d. happiness

a. fear

Which response is a positive symptom of schizophrenia? a. hallucinations b. impoverished speech c. blunted effect d. social withdrawal

a. hallucinations

According to the dopamine hypothesis, schizophrenia is caused by a(n) _______ of dopamine release or a(n) _________ of dopamine receptors a. increase; increase b. increase; decrease c. decrease; decrease d. decrease; increase

a. increase; increase

Which statement correctly describes osmotic pressure? a. the tendency of a solvent to move across a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of a solute on both sides of the membrane b. the spontaneous spread of solute molecules through a solvent c. the force of a solute against a membrane d. the tendency of a solvent to sink due to higher density

a. the tendency of a solvent to move across a membrane in order to equalize the concentration of a solute on both sides of the membrane

The external cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a a. zeitgeber b. temporizer c. period adjuster d. phase shift

a. zeitgeber

The discovery of the relationship between syphilis and paralytic dementia revealed that a. people with paralytic dementia tend to be promiscuous b. a mental disorder turned out to have a physiological cause c. schizophrenia often co-occurred in patients with sexually transmitted infections like syphilis d. both sexually transmitted infections and mental disorders can have a common viral cause

b. a mental disorder turned out to have a physiological cause

According to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions, emotional experience and autonomic response a. are key components of a stress reaction b. are simultaneously triggered by emotional stimuli c. are not parallel processes d. depend entirely on social context

b. are simultaneously triggered by emotional stimuli

Sleep that immediately follows a period of learning has the apparent effect of a. undoing the learning b. improving long-term retention c. impairing retrieval of the learned material d. blocking long-term retention

b. improving long-term retention

Which of the following most accurately states the rle of heredity in depression? a. depression is a sex-linked inherited disorder b. increased susceptibility for depression can be inherited, though no single gene responsible for the disorder c. researchers have isolated a gene that is directly associated with depression d. there is no evidence to suggest hereditary component in depression

b. increased susceptibility for depression can be inherited, though no single gene responsible for the disorder

Much of the research on emotion indicates that each of the three responses to emotional stimuli---the perception, the experience, and the expression---of the emotion a. occurs in sequence b. influences the other two c. influences only one of the other two d. are independent of the other two

b. influences the other two

________ aggression is observed in most vertebrates, often involving competition over mating opportunities, while ______ aggression often occurs among individuals caring for young a. maternal; testosterone b. intermale; maternal c. psychopathic; intermale d. testosterone; androgen

b. intermale; maternal

The James-Lange theory of emotions argued that emotions are the a. integration of thoughts and feelings b. perception of bodily changes provoked by a particular stimuli c. perception of bodily changes and social context d. appraisal of environmental factors

b. perception of bodily changes provoked by a particular stimuli

A general feature of homeostatic mechanisms is a. simplicity b. redundancy c. invariability d. universality

b. redundancy

Long-term treatment with L-dopa to control the symptoms of parkinson's disease has been associated with the development of a. panic attacks b. schizophrenia-like symptoms c. tourette's syndrome d. euphoria

b. schizophrenia-like symptoms

Which neurotransmitter has been especially implicated in the control of aggression? a. substance P b. serotonin c. dopamine d. acetylcholine

b. serotonin

Slow, large-amplitude waves are seen in the EEG records of people who are in _______ sleep. a. stage 2 b. stage 3 c. stage 1 d. REM

b. stage 3

Which molecule is known as an antidiuretic hormone? a. aldosterone b. vasopressin c. angiotensin II d. rennin

b. vasopressin

REM sleep is normally preceded by stage ___ sleep a. 1 b. 4 c. 2 d. 3

c. 2

Prolonged sleep deprivation (around 8 days) can lead to all of the following except a. increased irritability b. difficulty concentration c. a strengthened immune system d. hallucinations and disorientation

c. a strengthened immune system

Which example demonstrates ectothermic behavior? a. a dog panting on a hot day b. a group of birds roosting together at night c. a turtle basking on a sunny log d. a person shivering in a cold house

c. a turtle basking on a sunny log

Destruction of the SCN _________ circadian rhythms of hormone secretion a. does not affect b. lengthens c. abolishes d. shortens

c. abolishes

Research has shown that if a person is prevented from committing suicide they will a. attempt to do it again within the next 6 months b. use more lethal means the next time they try c. be unlikely to ever try it again d. attempt to do it again after 6 months

c. be unlikely to ever try it again

According to some researchers, the universal properties of facial expressions may be masked by a. peripheral feedback b. autonomic arousal c. cultural conditioning d. cultural differences in parenting styles

c. cultural conditioning

_____ refers to the active process of maintaining a relatively stable internal environment a. motivation b. endothermic c. homeostasis d. negative feedback

c. homeostasis

Which hormone has been especially implicated in informing the brain about daylight? a. melanopsin b. tryptophan c. melatonin d. serotonin

c. melatonin

The two main kinds of thirst are _____ and _____ thirst a. osmotic; hypervolemic b. isotonic; isovolemic c. osmotic; hypovolemic d. hypotonic; hypovolemic

c. osmotic; hypovolemic

Thermoregulation is considered a negative feedback system because a. it requires such a great deal of energy b. larger temperature changes trigger smaller responses c. restoring the desired temperature turns off the response d. hot and cold temperatures are the opposite of each other

c. restoring the desired temperature turns off the response

The large proportion of _______ sleep seen in infancy suggests it is necessary for nervous system maturation a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. REM

d. REM

Nocturnal animals are usually asleep during the a. nighttime b. period just before dusk c. period just before dawn d. daytime

d. daytime

The monoamine hypothesis of depression proposes that a. depression is a result of too much stimulation of monoamine at the synapses b. monoamine is overproduced in very depressed people c. monoamine is absent in very depressed people d. depression is a result of too little stimulatioon at monoamine synapses

d. depression is a result of too little stimulatioon at monoamine synapses

Animals whose body temperature is regulated mainly by internal bodily processes is called a. homeotherms b. poikilotherms c. ectotherms d. endotherms

d. endotherms

The theory that facial expressions can influence emotional experience is called the _________ hypothesis a. emotion feedback b. induced-emotion c. ekman d. facial feedback

d. facial feedback

Compared with data from controls, PET scans of patients with depression show a. increases in blood flow in the frontal, temporal, and parietal cortexes b. hypofrontality c. decreases in blood flow to the frontal cortex and amygdala d. increases in blood flow in the frontal cortex and the amygdala

d. increases in blood flow in the frontal cortex and the amygdala

The response to increase in salt concentration of the extracellular solution is called ______ thirst a. hypovolemic b. hypotonic c. osmoreceptive d. osmotic

d. osmotic

The brain responds to hypovolemia by triggering both thirst and hunger for a. protein b. carbohydrates c. sugar d. salt

d. salt

A common movement disorder caused by traditional neuroleptics is called a. neurogenic ataxia b. neuroleptic ataxia c. ataxic dyskinesia d. tardive diskinesia

d. tardive diskinesia