Psyc 335 Exam 2
In the film we saw on memory, which of the following are true about the study conducted by Julia Shaw
all of the above were true for the study described by Julia Shaw
Ethan is 6 years old, but is already developing moral judgment and the ability to have strategic social interactions. What is the foundation for these skills?
appreciating the workings of other people's minds
When Surita sees a man walking around the shopping mall in December and notices that he is very robust, has a long white beard, and wears thin rimmed eyeglasses, she immediately assumes that he is a Santa Claus actor taking a break; she is engaging in a(n) _________ process.
automatic
Shawna comes home from school absolutely furious. She complains to her sister Loretta about an awful exam she took. Loretta finds herself feeling very angry as well. This is an example of
automatic empathy
Most of the unconscious activity of the brain is devoted to_______________.
controlling the physical body
According to the Eagleman film we saw in class, in humans after the age of two the acquisition of new skills results in _______________________ in the brain.
decreasing
Cultural ________ rules are norms regarding the management and modification of emotional expressions based on cultural standards.
display
Which type of instrument would be useful for measuring the electrical activity that is generated by the brain's neurons?
electroencephalogram (EEG)
When a person unwittingly mimics another person's expressions and feels the other person's emotions they are engaged in automatic ________.
empathy
Which of the following is a strong deterrent for aggression.
empathy
Sometimes good ideas seem to happen spontaneously. This is known as:
eureka experience
Affective Neuroscience
examines how the brain creates emotional responses.
According to the Eagleman film we saw in class the period of neonatal infants is longest for
humans
The failure to notice something that is fully obvious that is right there in front of you when you attention is engaged on something or someone else is known as
inattentional blindness
The study were you were asked to attend to the conversation of two women talking was a study of
inattentional deafness
Nora has decided to visit the new community recreation center for a swim. As she enters the change room she notices both of the two other people present put their shoes into a locker. Before she walks out to the pool she does the same. What concept helps explain her actions?
informational influence
A __________ involves giving a selection of normally small pictures of faces to eyewitnesses for the purpose of identifying a perpetrator.
photo spread
developing a theory of mind which of these would be the most complex
projection
Which of the following is the best definition of priming?
recent exposure to a stimuli increasing accessibility to the traits associated with that stimuli
According to David Eagleman, the conscious mind is necessary to
respond to unexpected events and decide if they are a threat or an opportunity. resolve internal conflict between the many subsystems of the brain assess new events in the environment and make sense of the situation
Cultural display rules are:
rules that are learned early in life that specify the management and modification of emotional expressions according to social circumstances.
Chronically aggressive children have problems synthesizing the neurotransmitter __________________.
serotonin
Young Lilah is taken to a family dinner and she meets an uncle who she has never met before. As he reaches to her for a hug, Lilah looks to her mother with an uncertain look on her face. As she sees her mother nodding and smiling, Lilah looks back to the uncle and gives him a warm hug. Lilah has used ________ to determine how to act in this situation.
social referencing
The fanciest restaurant in town-The Upper Crust-has a "no children" policy. When Jeanette and Bryon complain they are informed by the manager that children are "loud, dirty, and difficult to control." These descriptions are examples of a(n) ________.
stereotype
Which of the following is not an example of low awareness?
studying
Paris has just found out that her company is downsizing their staff and that she is highly likely to lose her job at any moment. Her heartbeat is increasing, she feels warm, and she has to take several deep breaths to try to calm down. The part of her body that is currently 'speeding her up' is called the ________ nervous system.
sympathetic
According to Pinker (2011) the good news is that the level of violence in the world is decreasing overtime—by millennia, century, and even decade
true
According to our book, all violent acts are aggression, but not all aggressive acts are violent.
true
According to the one video we saw inattentional deafness can occur when we focus on something visual, like reading a book, or playing a video game.
true
Following trauma some people have positive changes and show resilient growth.
true
Research that was described in the film Memory Hackers were memories were recorded from the brains of genetically modified mice and lasers. Those recorded memories can then be activated at will with laser light.
true
The growth of new connections between neurons not only occurs when the memory is originally formed but also happens each time the memory is recalled.
true
refers to the description and investigation of first-person observations.
Phenomenology
According to the Charlie Rose episode on Aggression and Violence there are four brain regions that are highly involved in aggression and violence.
Prefrontal Cortex Executive functions, decision making, character formation - damage or defects here increases aggression Ventral Striatum reinforcement, recruited in addiction and certain kinds of aggression Amygdala Orchestrator of emotion, both positive and negative Hypothalamus aggression and sexuality
Which of the following are true about emotional responses?
all of the above
With regard the the juvenile brain in humans David Eagleman said the following:
all of the above
You are walking down a path and suddenly and unexpectedly encounter a large bear, please put the following events in your response into the correct order.
1. The bear is processed unconsciously in the midbrain and recognized as a threat. 2. The midbrain causes a wave of autonomic activation 3. Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate increase. Fear is expressed on the face. 5. You feel afraid 6.. You run away
Which neurotoxin makes it harder to read the emotions of other people when injected into the face?
Botulinum Toxin
According to the Eagleman film we saw in class, in humans the period between birth and two years of age is characterized by the growth of ______________ in the brain.
Connections
A man named Ronald Cotton was imprisoned after being identified as the person who committed a rape. After more than 10 years, he was exonerated of the crime and released. What led to this reversal of his conviction?
DNA evidence
The film Who is in Contol says that the majority of the following are controlled by parts of the brain to which you have no access.
Decision that you make Beliefs Actions you take
From the neuroscience point of view, genocide is related to which of the following psychological phenomena?
Dehumanization
Which of the following was not listed as a basic emotion in the text.
Disgust
Which of the following are intrapersonal functions of emotions?
Emotions prepare the body for immediate action Emotions influence thoughts Emotions motivate future behaviors
Emotions can described on two dimensions, Arousal Level and Valence. Please match the following emotions with their combinations of Arousal and Valence
Fear Aroused/Unplesant Happy Aroused/Plesant Calmness Not Aroused/Plesant Disgust Not Aroused/Unplesant
Ezra is currently experiencing a high level of activity in the superior temporal sulcus, or STS, of his brain. Which of the following is happening to Ezra at the moment?
He is thinking about physical motion.
Charlie Rose consciously perceived visual stimulus
all but the wave dies away
In class we visited a Website that demonstrated a visual illusion called Motion Induced Blindness. Which of the following were suggested on that website as possible explanations for Motion Induced Blindness?
If you fixate steadily all structures are imaged on their same retinal locations leading to local adaptation on the retina. Adding additional temporal motion (rotation) effectively increases the background noise causing the disappearance to be more pronounced and /or happen faster.
A memory template created through repeated exposure to a particular class of objects or events is known as a schema. What is the best example of a schema below?
Jessica knows that when going to a restaurant it is typical to be seated, given menus, time to order, and she will be expected to pay the bill after she finishes eating.
In Asch's classic study of conformity, what were research participants asked to do?
Judge the sizes of lines that were on a card held a few feet away from them.
Which of the the following are true with regard to the relationship between violent media, aggression and/or violence.
Meta-analyses have found a relationship between playing violent games and increases in aggressive thoughts, angry feelings, and aggressive behaviors.
Dr. Loftus has used a false feedback manipulation to persuade subjects to falsely remember having a variety of childhood experiences. Which of the following best describes this experimental technique?
Participants are deceived to believe a computer system has analyzed questionnaires they previously completed and concluded they had particular experiences years earlier.
Which of the following visual illusions were shown and discussed in class?
Munker Illusion "Stepping Feet" Motion Illusion Benham's Top _ rotating black and white circle Motion Induced Blindness
Which of the following were described as Categorical Autonomic Responses studied in Psychophysiology
Orienting Defensive Startle
Under which of the following circumstances would you expect a person to demonstrate the highest level of conformity in Solomon Asch's research protocol?
Orlando has to give his choice out loud.
Walking down the street, Areanna is approached by a police officer. The police officer encourages Areanna to be a Good Samaritan and put money in a parking meter that's about to expire on a stranger's car. What factors might lead Areanna to obey this police officer's order and help pay for the parking meter?
She views the police officer as an authority figure.
Which of the following have been shown to be effective in reducing aggression and or violence.
Specific focused interventions with small children diagnosed as chronically aggressive. Punishement Cartharisis
Which of the following are true concerning neurons in the hypothalamus that are associated with mating and fighting
There are some neurons that are associated exclusively with fighting There are some neurons that are associated exclusively with mating About 25% of the neurons are associated with mating and fighting.
According to Daniel Simons of the University of Illinois we
all of the above
According to driving research we discussed in class
all of the above
Lasana Harris found that participants viewed homeless individuals more as objects than people. According to his research, which brain area is more active when we interact with other people than with objects?
The medial prefrontal cortex
To discover the brain networks involved in feeling 'left out', brain activity was assessed in an fMRI while participants played a virtual game of catch with two other players. Which brain system was activated in participants when they were left out of the Cyberball game?
The pain matrix
In Stanley Milgram's research examining obedience, the participant was able to discontinue the experiment only after what took place?
The participant stated that he/she did not want to continue participating 4 consecutive times.
The rubber hand illusion demonstrates
The powerful connection between what we see and what we feel. Neural plasticity in that the brain is changing to accommodate the rubber hand as part of the body as the result of experience.
Which of the following is NOT part of the autonomic nervous system?
The prefrontal Cortex
According to the Eagleman video, which of the following is true about our construction of sentence we are about to say.
We don't consciously form the grammatical structure. In fact, you sort of know the gist of what your are going to say but you don't know precisely what you are going say until you say it. We don't consciously pick the words that we're going to use.
Which of the following are true with regard to gender, aggression and/or violence
When men do use physical aggression, they are more likely than women to cause serious injuries and even death to their partners. At all ages, males tend to be more physically aggressive than females. Among heterosexual partners, women are actually slightly more likely than men to use physical aggression.
In a 1978 study by Loftus, Miller, & Burns, participants were asked what they saw during a slideshow depicting which of the following events?
a car driving and hitting a pedestrian
Kelly is at a college party and notices everyone is drinking. She concludes that the majority of students on campus must also drink alcohol frequently. What would we call Kelly's perception of what most people are doing?
a descriptive norm
Which is the best definition of mindfulness?
a state of heightened conscious awareness
When a person makes an assumption that all members of a specific group of people must share some common attribute, ability, or feature, (s)he is engaging in ________.
a stereotype
According to one model, stress is the result of systemic activation of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the ________. The result of these series of activations is the release of a hormone called ________
adrenal gland; coritsol
In our book, violence is defined as
behavior intended to cause extreme physical harm (e.g., injury, death).
If a person was in an accident in which she suffered mild brain damage to her visual cortex but still received visual signals through V5 activation she might suffer from "cortical blindness." Her symptoms could include:
being able to see but not having any conscious awareness of sight
Monitoring the EEG while pictures of people who belong to different social groups has shown
brain changes occur whether or not the person is asked to place people in social groups that grouping people is an automatic process people do not have to intend to group people into social groups for it to happen in the brain
Eric Kandel discovered that memory is encoded in the brain
by the creation of a matrix of new connections between neurons
As described in class, paradoxical responding can occur under conditions of
ceiling effects and floor effects
Despite the title, the video of Magic Singh is actually a demonstration of
change blindness
The failure to notice the difference between what is there right now and what was there a moment ago is known as.
change blindness
The study where the person asking for directions is momentarily hidden and then replaced is a study of
change blindness
Which of the following outcomes are likely for children who are diagnosed as chronically physically aggressive.
failure in school criminality during adulthood drug abuse
Mental illness is causatively associated with an increase in aggression and violence.
false
Using a hands free headset removes all of the negative effects of talking on the phone while driving.
false
Researchers had an infant crawl toward their mother across a table, and then the mother was instructed to make a face expressing a specific emotion. The response of the infants demonstrated an awareness of the mothers' emotions. Which emotional expression led to the child refusing to crawl to her in all instances?
fear
If Gina remarks, "It feels cold in here" but her two friends disagree with her and one point to the thermometer showing it is a record day for heat, Gina's comment is a reflection of her:
first person perspective
Which type of brain imaging technique measures changes in the oxygenation of blood flowing in the brain?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Which of the following are examples of relational aggression.
gossiping withdrawing affection to get what you want, giving someone the "silent treatment"
Having an appreciation for the workings of another person's mind is considered a prerequisite for all but which of the following?
intellectual development
The effects that one's emotions have on other people refer to the _________ functions of emotions.
interpersonal
In the Eagleman film we saw in class Sigmund Freud was described as on of the 20th Century's most influential thinkers because
introduced the idea that people often have little understanding of the real reasons they do the things they do. he introduced a new way of thinking about why people behave the way they do. introduced the idea that the unconscious mind controls much of people's behavior.
In the Eagleman film we saw, hitting a baseball was given as an example of an activity
is a mixture of conscious and unconscious processes that is completed before the conscious mind is aware of what the body has done
Hermione and Ron are on a tropical vacation. Hermione points out to sea and says "I think I saw a whale tail over there." Ron cranes his head over so that he is looking from approximately Hermione's point of view. They are engaged in __________.
joint attention
Dr. Rjinteck is interested in false eyewitness reports. She is conducting a study to see if a participant's judgment can be influenced if he/she is making decisions in a group of people versus alone. However, the other group members are not participants. Instead, they are research assistants who are "in on the study" and simply acting or playing the part of witnesses in the study. These pretend research subjects are known as _____________ in a study.
mock witnesses
The fact that you now smell milk before drinking it after accidentally drinking a cup of spoiled milk several months ago demonstrates how emotions can
motivate future behaviors.
Which of the following is NOT part of the Dark Triad of Personality?
paranoid schizophrenia
Dr.Reddy wants to examine potential prejudice against women. He shows participants images of men and women and has them rate each picture as "competent" or "incompetent," and measures the time it takes to create these judgments. He is using __________.
the Implicit Associations Test (IAT)
Which of the following doesn't influence conformity
the age of the group
If drugs that disrupt the growth of neuronal connections are given at the time a memory is recalled
the memory that was recalled will be degraded and may be lost completely
Ben is an expert marksman. He fires a shot and hits just outside the bulls-eye. Most people would describe Ben's action as intentional because he has ___________.
the skill to perform the action
When small children get frustrated at school they sometimes cry. A teacher might say, "calm down" or "use your words to tell how you feel." This process of learning appropriate emotional behavior would be an example of _______.
the social or cultural function of emotion