PSYC 4032 COX Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Behavior

Habituation

-repeated presentation of the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) results in a gradual decline in the magnitude of the Unconditioned Response (UR) - initial decrease is large but gets smaller as it continues

faster

When habituation is repeatedly produced, each series of stimulus presentations generates progressively _____________ habituation

Respondent Extinction

- involves repeatedly presenting the conditioned stimulus (CS) without the Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Ontogenetic Behavior

- learned - behavior relations based on environmental experience - acquired on the basis of individual history - the experience of the individual alters the behavior an organism is born with

Respondent Discrimination

- occurs when an organism shows a Conditioned Response (CR) to one stimulus but not similar events

Fixed/Modal Action Plans

- sequences of behavior phylogenetic in origin - all members of species engage in behavior - behavior evoked by releasing or "sign" stimuli - initiated sequence is completed even if evoking sequence is removed - ex: goose rolling egg- even if egg is removed

Phylogenetic Behavior

-inherited - behavior based on genetic endowment -acquired on the basis of species history - includes the repertoire of responses elicited by environmental conditions ex. yawning in womb -every member of species will exhibit

The laws of the Reflex

1. Law of Threshold 2. Law of Intensity-Magnitude 3. Law of Latency

discriminative - training

A ______________ - _____________ procedure involves positive and negative conditioning trials

Law of Threshold

A point below which no response occurs and above which a response always occurs

Respondent Acquisition

Acquisition of Conditioned Stimulus (CS) ---> Conditioned Response (CR) relation occurs as NS (CS) is paired with US

Law of Latency

As the intensity of the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) increases the latency to appearance of the Unconditioned Response (UR) decreases

Law of Intensity - Magnitude

As the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus (US) increases so does the magnitude of the unconditioned response (UR)

occurrence

By pairing the tone with the presentation of food, the tone has come to control the _____________ of saliva

extinction

Each ___________ trial (CS, no US) results in a decrease in associative strength toward the respondent level

similar

Event (NS) temporally contiguous with Unconditioned Stimulus can come to elicit __________ responses (CRs)

recovers

If Unconditioned Stimulus (US) is withheld for some time, habituated response ____________

conditional probability

If conditioned stimulus happens often without unconditioned stimulus, or unconditioned stimulus happens often without the conditioned stimulus, the _________________ _______________ will be LOW

produced response

Researchers test for generalization by varying some dimension of the conditioned stimulus and measuring the __________________ ________________________

transfer of the control

Respondent conditioning involves the ____________ ___ _____ _______________ of behavior from one stimulus to another

Learned Behavior

Tone (Stimulus) ---> Saliva (Response)

Respondent Conditioning

Tone + Food ---> Saliva

Stimulus substitution theory

US ---> UR = CS -----> CR

slower conditioning

What would have happened if my favorite CD before traveling to the mountains had been strictly strings blue grass?

Reaction Chains

a series of species typical behaviors that requires a unique stimulus to trigger each response in the sequence ex: sickleback fish mating routine

spontaneous recovery

an increase in the conditioned response after respondent extinction has occurred

reflexes

are unlearned relations between stimuli and responses

FAPs

have one eliciting stimulus for entire sequence

conditioned place preference

more likely to get reward in one place than other

Generalization

occurs when an organism shows a conditioned response to values of the conditioned stimulus that were not trained during acquisition

Conditioned Stimulus - pre - exposure effect / latent inhibition

pre-exposure to the conditioned stimulus (CS) weakens subsequent conditioning with the Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

reaction chains

require stimuli at each step

contingency

respondent conditioning is based on _________________ between conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus

respondent level

strength of the target response before conditioning

Unconditioned Stimulus - pre - exposure effect

the more familiar the unconditioned stimulus the weaker and slower acquisition to the conditioned stimulus

Magnitude

the strength/intensity of the conditioned response (CR) elicited by the presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS)

Latency

the time that elapses between the presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the onset of the conditioned response (CR)

Reflex

unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits an unconditioned response (UR) -unlearned, automatic S-R relations - US causing UR

conditioned taste aversion

you can take a stimulus you originally like and turn it into something you don't - context dependent