PSYC Chapter 11

The primary question of interest for the researchers of the Karisoke Research Center could be summed up as, A) "What traits make a gorilla a good leader?" B) "How do gorilla traits differ from human traits?" C) "What similarities exist between human and gorilla leaders?" D) "What makes for a 'good personality' among gorillas?"

A) "What traits make a gorilla a good leader?"

To ensure that a child's responses on a self-report personality measure are an accurate representation of the child, which of the following would be the best course of action for a clinician? A) Ask the child's parents and teachers to complete rating scales. B) Consult with a personality researcher about the results. C) Recheck the scores both by hand and by computer. D) Conduct online research for the purpose of finding additional insights relative to the reason the assessment was undertaken.

A) Ask the child's parents and teachers to complete rating scales.

The history of personality types dates at least as far back as the days of A) Hippocrates. B) Jung. C) Freud. D) Thorndike.

A) Hippocrates.

The task of sorting statement cards from least descriptive to most descriptive is most characteristic of which type of assessment method? A) Q-sort B) T-sort C) Likert-sort D) Sorta-Like

A) Q-sort

Which best exemplifies the exhibition of a personality state? A) Sam, who experiences fear and apprehension while watching a scary movie. B) Stacey, who has, ever since she can remember, a profound fear of cats. C) Bill, who has always been defiant and aggressive toward his parents. D) Amy, who was viewed by the court and all her previous cell mates as violent.

A) Sam, who experiences fear and apprehension while watching a scary movie.

Which of the following best sums up the reason why the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) was developed? A) The MMPI-2 had too many overlapping items. B) There were too many test items on the MMPI-2. C) The MMPI-2 validity scales lacked validity. D) All of the answers are correct.

A) The MMPI-2 had too many overlapping items.

In the Karisoke study of gorilla personality, inter-rater reliability was found to be _____ among the _____ raters. A) satisfactory; four B) satisfactory; eight C) unsatisfactory; eight D) unsatisfactory; two

A) satisfactory; four

As a result of the normalization of the standard scores on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, which statement is true regarding a T score of 70 on the Depression Scale and a T score of 70 on Hypomania Scale? A) The two T scores equal the same level of clinical elevation. B) The scores can be significantly different depending on the gender of the test taker. C) The two scores result in different percentile ranks for each scale. D) All of the answers are correct.

A) The two T scores equal the same level of clinical elevation.

As per the manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the test-retest reliability coefficients found to exist for state anxiety and trait anxiety support which premise? A) Traits are more enduring personality characteristics than states. B) States are more enduring personality characteristics than traits. C) Exhibition of anxiety is very situation-dependent. D) None of the answers is correct.

A) Traits are more enduring personality characteristics than states.

At what age does acculturation begin? A) at birth B) when one enters elementary school (approximately five years old) C) when one enters high school (approximately fourteen years old) D) when one becomes independent of one's family (whenever)

A) at birth

Which is possible using personality test items constructed by means of logic? A) collection of clinical information B) endorsement of items by members of a particular clinical group C) creation of items by means of factor analysis D) All of the answers are correct.

A) collection of clinical information

Pre-production legal work on the film The Three Faces of Eve entailed getting Eve White, Eve Black, and Jane to sign contracts with the producer. The patient was asked to elicit these three different personalities and then sign a contract. The signatures on the three contracts were determined to be A) completely different as a function of the personality. B) all pretty much the same according to a graphologist. C) all consistent with a fourth personality elicited by the patient. D) valid but only because the patient signed each contract with an "X."

A) completely different as a function of the personality.

Colonel Rick Malone is an active duty military forensic psychiatrist, currently serving as a behavioral science officer with the U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command. His duties include all of the following except A) conducting medical fitness-for-duty evaluations for U.S. Army personnel. B) consulting with his agency's agents on investigations. C) behavioral analysis of crime scene evidence. D) conducting psychological autopsies.

A) conducting medical fitness-for-duty evaluations for U.S. Army personnel.

In general, the researchers' hypotheses in the Karisoke study of gorilla personality were A) confirmed by the resulting data. B) not confirmed by the resulting data. C) left for future research to be unequivocally confirmed or disconfirmed. D) deemed to be incomplete, given the loss of the French data.

A) confirmed by the resulting data.

A homeless person who prefers the environs of a mental hospital to that of the street may attempt to A) fake bad on a test of psychopathology. B) fake good on a test of psychopathology. C) respond as candidly as possible on a test of psychopathology. D) be cooperative with the test administrator.

A) fake bad on a test of psychopathology.

Attempts at controlling rater bias have included all of the following except A) improving the content validity of the instrument being used. B) clarifying terminology to increase reliability. C) providing practice sessions in observing and rating others. D) comparing ratings of new raters with those of more experienced raters.

A) improving the content validity of the instrument being used.

Truthfulness, persistence, and ambition are examples of _____ values. A) instrumental B) terminal C) political D) vocational

A) instrumental

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire exemplifies which approach to assessment? A) nomothetic B) idiographic C) projective D) impressionistic

A) nomothetic

On the Self-Directed Search, terms such as Artistic, Enterprising, and Investigative are examples of A) personality types. B) personality states. C) inclinations. D) careers.

A) personality types.

Bushman and Wells had high school hockey players complete a preseason, self-report measure of aggressiveness. The preseason measure of aggressiveness was shown to A) predict the number of penalty minutes served. B) be negatively related to the number of penalty minutes served. C) predict the total number of goals scored. D) None of the answers is correct.

A) predict the number of penalty minutes served.

According to Dr. Rick Malone, the disadvantages of a strictly actuarial approach to threat assessment include the fact that such approaches typically A) prohibit the assessor from considering unique, unusual, or context-specific variables. B) provide the assessor with excessive leeway to consider unique, unusual, or context- specific variables. C) deny the assessor unrestricted access to critical information due to Health Information Privacy and Portability Act (HIPPA) or related laws regarding confidentiality or privilege. D) None of the answers is correct.

A) prohibit the assessor from considering unique, unusual, or context-specific variables.

The word "structured" in the term structured professional judgement A) refers to a minimum set of factors that should be considered in a threat assessment. B) is controversial since the approach does not restrict the ways that risk factors may be measured. C) is a reference to guidelines for combining risk factors according to an applicable algorithm. D) None of the answers is correct.

A) refers to a minimum set of factors that should be considered in a threat assessment.

The Q-sort technique may not yield useful results if A) respondents are unwilling to reveal accurate information about themselves. B) it is used outside of a humanistically-oriented clinical setting. C) it is used by someone other than a licensed psychologist or psychiatrist. D) All of the answers are correct.

A) respondents are unwilling to reveal accurate information about themselves.

Self-report measures have been criticized because A) respondents can present themselves in a way that meets their needs. B) results are less reliable than other measures. C) results are less valid than reports from others. D) self-report measures usually require a great deal of explanation.

A) respondents can present themselves in a way that meets their needs.

This term refers to the degree to which a person has different self-concepts in different roles. The term is A) self-concept differentiation. B) self-concept individualization. C) self-image differentiation. D) role differentiation.

A) self-concept differentiation.

On a test, an assessee chooses how to end an incomplete sentence by writing in the end of the sentence. The format of the test could best be described as A) sentence completion. B) fill-in-the-blank. C) free-choice. D) All of the answers are correct.

A) sentence completion.

The "blown bridge" exercise is an example of which tool of personality assessment? A) situational performance measure B) forced-choice measure C) sentence completion measure D) structured interview

A) situational performance measure

According to an author of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF), the test contains _____ primary and _____ second-order factors. A) sixteen; five B) five; eleven C) five; sixteen D) eleven; five

A) sixteen; five

Which best describes what is typically measured in personality assessment? A) social and communication skills B) traits and states C) charisma D) creativity and motivation

A) social and communication skills

An advantage of a personality test that is atheoretical in nature is that A) test users can interpret the test according to their own theoretical preferences. B) the test will, in all likelihood, be more valid than a theory-based test. C) the test is much more likely to be "culture-specific" as well. D) the test is much more likely to be "culture-fair" as well.

A) test users can interpret the test according to their own theoretical preferences.

Regarding a version of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), the acronym "MMPI-A" is a reference to A) the MMPI for adolescents. B) the MMPI for average individuals. C) the abridged MMPI. D) the MMPI for people with alternative lifestyles.

A) the MMPI for adolescents.

Which test includes a Lie scale? A) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory B) the Revised NEO Personality Inventory C) the Harris-Goodenough D) the Harris-Seemingly-Goodenough

A) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Consider the following two true-false items, and imagine they are both on the same personality inventory. (x) I prefer cereal to eggs for breakfast. (y) I prefer eggs to cereal for breakfast. According to Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, an individual who responds true to both items is representative of people who have profiles with _____ elevated. A) the True Response Inconsistency (TRIN) scale B) the Lie (L) scale C) the Correction (K) scale D) the Special K scale

A) the True Response Inconsistency (TRIN) scale

Factor analysis is a statistical procedure designed to identify A) the minimum number of variables accounting for the intercorrelations in observed phenomena. B) the maximum number of variables accounting for the intercorrelations in observed phenomena. C) the median number of variables accounting for the intercorrelations in observed phenomena. D) all potential variables accounting for the intercorrelations in observed phenomena.

A) the minimum number of variables accounting for the intercorrelations in observed phenomena.

Achenbach's research on evaluation suggested that evaluators agree more about A) the problems of younger as compared to older children. B) the problems of majority as compared to minority children. C) the problems of psychologists as compared to clients of psychologists. D) Both the problems of younger as compared to older children and the problems of majority as compared to minority children are correct.

A) the problems of younger as compared to older children.

A limitation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) that contributed to the need for developing the MMPI-2 was A) the sample size and representativeness of the normative sample of the MMPI were limited. B) the MMPI could not be scored with sufficient reliability by graduate students in psychology. C) the MMPI could not be used with non-English-speaking populations. D) The MMPI evidenced great inconsistency in the clinical scales.

A) the sample size and representativeness of the normative sample of the MMPI were limited.

A clinician has her clients rate every therapy session on a seven-point rating scale with "helpful" on one end and "not helpful" on the other. This clinician is using a method of assessment called A) the semantic differential. B) forced-choice format. C) adjective checklist format. D) None of the answers is correct.

A) the semantic differential.

The Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) contains sixteen factors developed through factor analysis. There is, however, controversy about the number of factors that are "really" evident in this test. According to your textbook, most theorists who argue that there are not sixteen factors on the 16 PF based on their intercorrelation believe that A) there are fewer than sixteen factors. B) there are more than sixteen factors. C) the test is dated and fails to take account for contemporary factors. D) the O'Reilly factor has seen better days.

A) there are fewer than sixteen factors.

Gosling's cross-species work in personality assessment has suggested that their research on the personality of dogs can be A) used to pave the way for future research. B) distinguished by breed. C) inherited from one generation to the next. D) All of the answers are correct.

A) used to pave the way for future research.

According to Dr. Rick Malone, which is true about Meloy's (2000) biopsychosocial (BPS) model? A) It assigns numerical scores to threat levels. B) It does not assign ranges for threat levels. C) It was specifically created to assess threats against public figures. D) All of the answers are correct.

B) It does not assign ranges for threat levels.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was originally developed by Starke R. Hathaway and A) Robert Sessions Woodworth. B) John Charnley McKinley. C) James C. Lingoes. D) R. E. Harris.

B) John Charnley McKinley.

In the title of the test known as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-A, the "A" stands for A) Adult. B) Adolescent. C) Form "A". D) Alternate Form.

B) Adolescent.

In the Karisoke study of the personality of gorillas, raters were instructed to score gorillas on each trait using a _____ scale ranging from (1) "either total absence or negligible amounts" to (7) "extremely large amounts." A) ratio B) Likert C) semantic differential D) foliverous

B) Likert

A measure of anxiety contains hundred statements written in an agree-disagree format. Maxime indicates disagreement with each one of the statements. From this limited amount of information, it seems reasonable to say that A) Maxime may be trying to present himself in a favorable light. B) Maxime may be exhibiting a nonacquiescent response tendency. C) Maxime may be exhibiting a response set characterized by deviance. D) Maxime may be responding in a socially desirable manner.

B) Maxime may be exhibiting a nonacquiescent response tendency.

Which of the following possible consequences of threat assessment investigative activities was not mentioned by Dr. Rick Malone? A) The investigation can have a significant negative impact on the person of interest's life due to the revelation of questionable behavior to friends, family, and business associates. B) The investigation may inadvertently expand the nature of the threat, causing friends, family, business associates or others to become objects of the threat. C) The investigation may "tip-off" the person of interest, causing that person to immediately cease any threat-related activities. D) The investigation may "tip-off" the person of interest, causing that person to immediately escalate any threat-related activities.

B) The investigation may inadvertently expand the nature of the threat, causing friends, family, business associates or others to become objects of the threat.

Which of the following is true of Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire? A) There were actually two Cattells involved in its development. B) The test was developed using the technique of factor analysis. C) fourteen of the sixteen factors are significantly correlated with each other. D) As modified by Baskin and Robbins, the test yielded thirty-one factors.

B) The test was developed using the technique of factor analysis.

Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)? A) MMPI-2 clinical scales seemed to be saturated with the demoralization factor. B) There is a lack of representation of minority group members in the standardization sample. C) There was a lack of discriminant validity of the clinical scales. D) The test includes too many overlapping items.

B) There is a lack of representation of minority group members in the standardization

Which of the following statements is true of the use of validity scales in personality assessment? A) There is widespread consensus that validity scales must be a part of any self-report personality assessment measure. B) There is no widespread consensus that validity scales must be a part of any self- report personality assessment measure. C) Validity scales were once a part of personality assessment tools, but they are no longer seen as valid. D) Validity scales are primarily used for tests containing sentence completion type items.

B) There is no widespread consensus that validity scales must be a part of any self- report personality assessment measure.

Which statement is true regarding state anxiety as compared to trait anxiety? A) State anxiety is a more enduring characteristic than trait anxiety. B) Trait anxiety is a more enduring characteristic than state anxiety. C) Neither state anxiety nor trait anxiety is an enduring characteristic. D) State anxiety and trait anxiety are equally enduring characteristics.

B) Trait anxiety is a more enduring characteristic than state anxiety.

Research on psychological traits reveals A) strong cross-situational consistency in traits such as honesty. B) a lack of cross-situational consistency in traits such as honesty. C) clear evidence that traits physically exist in the brain. D) None of the answers is correct.

B) a lack of cross-situational consistency in traits such as honesty.

The assumption that a constellation of traits and states may be used to identify a particular category of personality is inherent in A) a taxonomy of personality. B) a personality typology. C) a personality disposition. D) an astrological sign.

B) a personality typology.

A tendency to respond to a test item in a characteristic manner irrespective of the content of the item is known as A) a response prevention. B) a response style. C) an impression management effort. D) a halo effect.

B) a response style.

"A successful life" is an example of A) an instrumental value. B) a terminal value. C) a normative value. D) vocational value.

B) a terminal value.

Q-sort refers to a method of personality assessment in which the subject typically A) projects onto ambiguous stimuli. B) arranges cards with printed statements on them. C) completes sentence stems on cards and arranges them in rank order. D) responds to a series of numbered questions ( q's) printed on cards.

B) arranges cards with printed statements on them.

he person most likely to have a highly elevated F ( Frequency) score on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) would be someone who is A) really not qualified for a job they are trying to get. B) attempting to commit insurance fraud. C) taking the MMPI as part of the Minnesota application process for governor of that state. D) a named defendant scheduled for trial on The People's Court television program.

B) attempting to commit insurance fraud.

The semantic differential rating technique consists of A) a seven-point numerical scale with numbers keyed to descriptors. B) bipolar adjectives and a seven-point rating scale. C) an alphabetical seven-point rating scale with letters keyed to descriptors. D) a forced-choice format.

B) bipolar adjectives and a seven-point rating scale.

Asking test takers to indicate how they feel "at this moment" versus how they feel "in general" is an attempt to A) obtain as much information about the test takers as possible. B) distinguish between various traits and states. C) determine if the test takers are responding truthfully. D) evaluate certain topic areas listed in the classic song, Feelings.

B) distinguish between various traits and states.

A data reduction method used in personality test development is A) regression analysis. B) factor analysis. C) final analysis. D) shrink analysis.

B) factor analysis.

For Colonel Rick Malone, the practice of threat assessment entails, among other things, the gathering of intelligence designed to protect senior Department of Defense officials who are referred to as A) dignitaries. B) protectees. C) principals. D) profilers.

C) principals.

An individual who is relatively free of psychopathology is accused of a crime. This individual makes a conscious decision that he would prefer to spend time in a mental hospital rather than a prison. Accordingly, this individual attempts to _____ when administered a personality test by a court-appointed psychologist. A) fake good B) fake bad C) exhibit the Barnum effect D) "take the fifth"

B) fake bad

A person of interest's postings on social media can be revealing with respect to all of the following except an individual's A) daily activities. B) financial resources. C) interests. D) delusional beliefs.

B) financial resources.

Which best describes the types of items presented to test takers on the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule? A) true-false B) forced-choice C) semantic differential D) extremely personal

B) forced-choice

Meloy's (2000) biopsychosocial (BPS) model identifies individual/psychological factors, social/situational factors, and biological factors that have been shown to be associated with A) successful execution of a threat made. B) higher rates of interpersonal violence. C) analogue models of attempted threats. D) computer models of copycat crimes.

B) higher rates of interpersonal violence.

A woman who states as a fact that she "wears too many hats" in her daily life might best be characterized as A) highly individuated. B) highly differentiated. C) highly endomorphic. D) a member of the Royal family.

B) highly differentiated.

A key definitional difference between the terms personality trait and personality state has to do with A) the extent to which personality is viewed as a physical attribute. B) how stable over time the characteristic is exhibited. C) whether or not the characteristic is subject to a halo effect. D) the motivation of the person or persons doing the rating.

B) how stable over time the characteristic is exhibited.

The term psychasthenia, as used in the 1930s when the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory was developed, was most closely related in meaning to what is now known as A) paranoid schizophrenia. B) obsessive-compulsive disorder. C) suicidal tendencies. D) borderline personality disorder.

B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The research of Gosling et al. (2003) was based on A) motivated behavior of rhesus monkeys. B) personality of dogs. C) personality of mice. D) personality of parrots.

B) personality of dogs.

According to Eckardt and Weiss, the personality test used with the gorillas at the Karisoke research center yielded data on traits A) unique to mountain gorillas. B) reminiscent of human "Big Five" traits. C) typically observed in preadolescent humans. D) first identified in the 1960s and 1970s.

B) reminiscent of human "Big Five" traits.

A problem inherent in assessing personality by means of self-report is that respondents may A) have little knowledge of their own unconscious motives and needs. B) respond in ways to manage specific impressions. C) be unaccustomed to thinking about their own personality. D) be uncomfortable with self-reflection.

B) respond in ways to manage specific impressions.

When he turned _____ years old, a mountain gorilla named Cantsbee took over the leadership of what was to become the largest, ever-observed gorilla group. A) twelve B) seventeen C) twenty-one D) twenty-four

B) seventeen

According to the findings of Donahue et al., people with low levels of self-concept differentiation A) tend to be less healthy physically. B) tend to be healthier psychologically. C) tend to have a less unified sense of self. D) None of the answers is correct.

B) tend to be healthier psychologically.

Forced-choice item formats are typically employed to control which of the following? A) the reliability of respondent's response patterns B) test takers' tendency toward impression management C) interviewers' tendency to stray from the points of focus D) None of the answers is correct.

B) test takers' tendency toward impression management

Type A Personality and Type B Personality are two terms closely associated with A) the Self-Directed Search. B) the Jenkins Activity Survey. C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. D) contestants on Let's Make a Deal.

B) the Jenkins Activity Survey.

If someone tells you that they took a test and received scores on scales called School Problems, Conduct Problems, and Immaturity, it is a good bet that this person was administered A) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form. B) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent. C) the School Problems Checklist. D) the Revised NEO Personality Inventory.

B) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent.

Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. These variables are all measured by which tool of personality assessment? A) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form B) the Revised NEO Personality Inventory C) the Rorschach test D) the Self-Directed Search

B) the Revised NEO Personality Inventory

Relatively few personality tests seek to distinguish traits from states. One test that does make this distinction is A) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2- RF). B) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). C) the Self-Directed Search. D) the California Psychological Inventory (CPI).

B) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).

Dr. Rick Malone's threat management team decides whether to proceed with an investigation and/or take steps to mitigate the threat based on A) Interpol's evaluation of the level of the existing threat. B) the amount and quality of information in hand, as well as the team's level of concern. C) how imminent the threat is in terms of communications made by the person of interest. D) All of the answers are correct.

B) the amount and quality of information in hand, as well as the team's level of concern.

According to Eckardt and Weiss, Cantsbee got his name owing to the fact that Dian Fossey had A) imported his parents from a city with that name. B) thought his mother was a male. C) once had a beloved pet of the same name. D) not believed what an exemplary leader his father was.

B) thought his mother was a male.

Which Beck Youth Inventories-Second Edition test would be appropriate for use with a seven-year-old child? A) depression inventory B) self-concept test C) anxiety inventory D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Why were Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory content subscales developed? A) to increase the reliability of the test B) to group items measuring the same traits or attitudes C) to decrease the number of clinical scales necessary D) to increase the length of the computerized narrative reports

B) to group items measuring the same traits or attitudes

One would least expect the Q-sort technique to be used A) as a tool in basic personality research. B) to identify cognitive strengths and weaknesses. C) to identify leadership potential in military settings. D) to determine occupational preference of the test taker.

B) to identify cognitive strengths and weaknesses.

The Revised NEO Personality Inventory measures which of the following? A) states B) traits C) states and traits D) instincts

B) traits

The Sixteen Personality Factor is a personality measure that assesses sixteen different personality A) states. B) traits. C) types. D) defects.

B) traits.

They are built into a personality test to assist in determining how honest test takers have been in their responses. They are referred to as A) reliability scales. B) validity scales. C) honesty scales. D) UB scales (otherwise known as "you're busted" scales).

B) validity scales.

"Certain personality traits exist in all people to varying degrees. The assessor's task is to determine what the strength of each of these traits are in the assessee." We would be most likely to hear this statement from one who A) has never taken a course in psychological testing and assessment. B) views testing and assessment from a nomothetic viewpoint. C) views testing and assessment from an idiographic viewpoint. D) views testing and assessment from an ipsative perspective.

B) views testing and assessment from a nomothetic viewpoint.

When conducting a threat assessment using Meloy's biopsychosocial model, information derived from public records will be evaluated for evidence of _____ behavior, according to that model. A) high threat B) warning C) high risk D) condition red

B) warning

What is the significance of the Karisoke gorilla personality research? A) Insights about the evolution of personality traits can be gleaned by comparing the personality of humans with those of our closest, non-human relatives. B) The study of great apes holds the promise of learning how assorted variables (such as differences in ecology, social systems, and life history) may act to shape personality. C) Both insights about the evolution of personality traits can be gleaned by comparing the personality of humans with those of our closest, non-human relatives and the study of great apes holds the promise of learning how assorted variables (such as differences in ecology, social systems, and life history) may act to shape personality are correct. D) None of the answers is correct.

C) Both insights about the evolution of personality traits can be gleaned by comparing the personality of humans with those of our closest, non-human relatives and the study of great apes holds the promise of learning how assorted variables (such as differences in ecology, social systems, and life history) may act to shape personality are correct.

Cantsbee was found to be exemplary in terms of what constitutes a good gorilla leader. Which of the following is not true about Cantsbee? A) Cantsbee scored high on dominance. B) Cantsbee was approached and groomed by other gorillas. C) Cantsbee tended to stare at other gorillas in the group. D) Cantsbee mediated social conflicts between gorillas in the group.

C) Cantsbee tended to stare at other gorillas in the group.

Who of the following pioneered research program in the 1940s to determine how many primary factors of personality exist? A) Wundt B) Eysenck C) Cattell D) Butcher

C) Cattell

Which of the following is true regarding the use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) with Chicano clients? A) The MMPI-2 is as culturally sensitive as the MMPI. B) The MMPI overpathologizes Chicano clients. C) Conflicting evidence exists regarding whether the test is culturally sensitive or overpathologizes Chicano clients. D) The use of the test with Chicano clients was supported on the basis of research conducted in the Mexican Baja.

C) Conflicting evidence exists regarding whether the test is culturally sensitive or

On the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, there are content scales and clinical scales designed to address similar concepts. Which statement best describes the relationship between these two types of scales? A) The content scales and the clinical scales have a high, positive correlation. B) The content scales and the clinical scales have a high, negative correlation. C) Some of the correlations between the two scales are strong and others are weak. D) The correlation between the two scales is zero, as originally intended.

C) Some of the correlations between the two scales are strong and others are weak.

What is a likely consequence if a rating checklist consistently elicits a wide-ranging variety of opinions from various raters? A) The test will have little utility. B) The test will have high internal consistency. C) The test will have low inter-rater reliability. D) All of the answers are correct.

C) The test will have low inter-rater reliability.

A major criticism of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 was that it lacked A) minority group members in the standardization sample. B) a geographically desirable standardization sample. C) a contemporary, nationally representative clinical sample. D) sophistication in item content.

C) a contemporary, nationally representative clinical sample.

Which of the following influence acculturation? A) books B) films C) parents D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Psychologist John Holland was best known for A) a research program that led to the development of the Big Five. B) a controversy regarding the primacy of states versus traits. C) a theory that occupational choice depends on personality. D) a tunnel linking New York and New Jersey, named in his honor.

C) a theory that occupational choice depends on personality.

Consider the list of terms that follows: happy, sad, smart, challenged, assertive. A list like this one is best associated with which type of test item format? A) a free-choice B) a sentence completion C) an adjective checklist D) a true-false

C) an adjective checklist

Which best describes a personality type? A) a distinguishable behavior of an individual B) context-specific behavior C) an identified pattern of traits and states D) an inherited characteristic of a person

C) an identified pattern of traits and states

Which of the following best represents your textbook authors' definition of personality? A) all of individual's thinking, feeling, and behavior B) an individual's phenomenal field C) an individual's unique constellation of psychological traits and states D) an individual's behavior in all of its detail

C) an individual's unique constellation of psychological traits and states

If you believe your score on this test depends on how much effort you put into studying, then a psychologist might characterize you as representative of people with A) an external locus of control. B) a low level of differentiation. C) an internal locus of control. D) a high level of differentiation.

C) an internal locus of control.

When gauging the level of threat, postings on social media are evaluated. Of particular concern to assessors are communications that contain each of the following except A) an outright or direct threat made to the public figure. B) an inappropriate plea for help addressed to the public figure. C) an unsolicited request to the public figure for employment. D) an angry complaint about, or addressed to, the public figure.

C) an unsolicited request to the public figure for employment.

Self-concept includes all of the following except A) beliefs regarding oneself. B) opinions regarding oneself. C) beliefs about others. D) beliefs about how one is thought of by others.

C) beliefs about others.

According to Dr. Rick Malone, the best source of data for making inferences as to how dangerous persons of interest actually may be are A) publicly available information about the person of interest such as arrest records. B) electronic postings that were posted about the person of interest by friends and family. C) communications created by those person themselves, such as postings on social media. D) Both publicly available information about the person of interest such as arrest records and electronic postings that were posted about the person of interest by friends and family are correct.

C) communications created by those person themselves, such as postings on social media.

In the Karisoke study of the personality of gorillas, an item such as "Subject may express high status by decisively intervening in social interactions" is a measure of the _____ personality trait. A) sociable B) aggressive C) dominant D) resourceful

C) dominant

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 is appropriate for which age range? A) six to sixty B) fourteen and older C) eighteen and older D) twenty-one to sixty

C) eighteen and older

Consider the following sample item on a personality test. Instructions: Which statement describes you better? (A) I am unhappy too much of the time. (B) I am nervous too much of the time. This item is an example of which type of item format? A) essay B) adjective checklist C) forced-choice D) free-choice

C) forced-choice

According to Dr. Rick Malone, students who are drawn to threat assessment work should make sure that they have a solid grounding in _____ psychology. A) personality B) clinical C) forensic D) All of the answers are correct.

C) forensic

According to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), threat assessment may be defined as a process of identifying or evaluating entities, actions, or occurrences, whether natural or man-made, that A) the DHS has deemed to be life-threatening or otherwise potentially harmful. B) Interpol has determined poses an imminent danger to persons or organizational entities. C) have or indicate the potential to harm life, information, operations and/or property. D) All of the answers are correct.

C) have or indicate the potential to harm life, information, operations and/or property.

Data analysis for the Karisoke gorilla personality research entailed evaluation of correlations between scores on personality trait dimensions and corresponding A) field ratings recorded within the first week of the ratings on the personality dimensions. B) codings on specially devised behavior rating scale. C) historical behavior of the subjects as noted in archival records. D) All of the answers are correct.

C) historical behavior of the subjects as noted in archival records.

Comparing a test taker's responses to their own responses (as opposed to the responses of other test takers) is an example of which type of approach to personality test interpretation? A) nomothetic B) idiographic C) ipsative D) normative

C) ipsative

In which type of scoring approach to personality assessment can two people with the same score on the same trait differ in terms of the magnitude of the trait or characteristic being measured? A) nomothetic B) empirical criterion keying C) ipsative D) forced-choice

C) ipsative

Effective assessment and mitigation of threat requires the ability to work as part of a multidisciplinary team with a diverse group of professionals. Which of the following groups was not cited by Dr. Rick Malone as being a member of the threat assessment team? A) mental health professionals B) prosecutors C) judges D) corporate security experts

C) judges

Because the gorillas studied in the Karisoke personality project live in stable and predictable environments with limited food competition and little vulnerability to stressors, the researchers hypothesized that the subjects would be rated low on A) sociability. B) dominance. C) neuroticism. D) self-control.

C) neuroticism.

"What do you call yourself when asked about your ethnicity?" is an interview question designed to tap information about A) an instrumental value. B) a terminal value. C) personal identity. D) anger and hostility.

C) personal identity.

The validity scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), MMPI-2, and MMPI-2-RF A) have all been heavily criticized as self-serving since they presume to measure the test's own validity. B) measure only the validity of the test but do not measure the test's reliability or utility. C) provide a gauge of test takers' response sets and patterns. D) All of the answers are correct.

C) provide a gauge of test takers' response sets and patterns.

The best explanation of the name given to the "Back-Page Infrequency" scale of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) would make reference to A) the last ten items on the last page of the MMPI-2. B) the degree of pathology that tends to emerge near the end of the test. C) the diligence and care with which a test taker took the test. D) Bob Dylan's classic song, My Back Pages.

C) the diligence and care with which a test taker took the test.

Controversy surrounds the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). Which is the best summary statement of what this controversy is about? A) the quality of the normative sample B) the translation of the test into another language C) the number of factors the test is measuring D) the internal consistency of the test

C) the number of factors the test is measuring

Who typically serves as the informant when the Personality Inventory for Children, Second Edition (PIC-2) is administered? A) the child B) the teacher C) the parent D) All of the answers are correct.

C) the parent

It has become customary to refer to Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 clinical scales by number rather than by name because A) translators have been unable to accurately translate some of the names. B) that is the way that Starke Hathaway always referred to them. C) the scale names are outdated. D) the scale names are too revealing.

C) the scale names are outdated.

In empirical criterion keying, test items are administered to two groups: one comprises people known to exhibit the trait, and the other is a control group. What is the purpose of this method? A) to increase the size of the sample of test takers B) to make certain that a matched standardization group is used C) to retain items that discriminate between the two groups D) to make certain that people with multiple personality disorder are represented in the normative sample

C) to retain items that discriminate between the two groups

An implication of terms such as self-concept differentiation is that A) personality traits can be fragmented. B) the more unified one's self-perception, the better. C) traits are context dependent. D) None of the answers is correct.

C) traits are context dependent.

The Self-Directed Search Tests are based on six personality A) moods. B) states. C) types. D) dispositions.

C) types.

Which of the following represents the best alternative to the use of validity scales? A) test directions that stress the importance of being honest when responding B) including duplicate items throughout the test C) using multiple sources of information to draw conclusions including third-party information D) having test takers review their responses and then sign a statement attesting to the truthfulness of the responses.

C) using multiple sources of information to draw conclusions including third-party

The Frequency, Correction, True Response Inconsistency, and Variable Response Inconsistency Scales on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 are all examples of A) supplementary scales. B) clinical scales. C) validity scales. D) content scales.

C) validity scales.

When administering a personality test with the services of a translator, caution is in order because A) there is a shortage of capable translators. B) one never knows what the translator is really saying. C) words do not always retain their original meaning in translation. D) All of the answers are correct.

C) words do not always retain their original meaning in translation.

"The unique way people interpret and make sense of their perceptions as a consequence of their learning experiences, cultural background, and related variables." This is a definition of which of the following terms? A) instrumental values B) terminal values C) worldview D) acculturation

C) worldview

After a threat has been perceived, what is done in response initially? According to Dr. Rick Malone, all of the following are true except A) in some cases, due to relatively limited resources, not very much is done. B) threat assessors will prioritize communications in terms of which warrant a response and what the level of that response should be. C) a brief assessment will be conducted to estimate the level of concern that the threat warrants. D) A formal investigation consisting of examination of public records will be launched.

D) A formal investigation consisting of examination of public records will be launched.

A culturally sensitive psychological assessment includes sensitivity to which of the following? A) acculturation and language B) values and worldview C) personal identity D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

A lack of cross-situational consistency in traits has been demonstrated to exist with respect to A) honesty. B) attitudes toward authority. C) introversion and extraversion. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

A personality trait A) is relatively enduring. B) is distinguishable. C) varies between individuals. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

A rating may be affected by A) the rater's background and experience. B) the rater's willingness to expend time and effort. C) the rater's personal reaction to the subject. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

According to Dr. Rick Malone, a circumstance where a threat assessment will be launched occurs when one individual A) has demonstrated an "inappropriate direction of interest" towards a public figure. B) has attempted to communicate directly with a public figure by telephone, mail, or e-mail. C) physically approached a public figure in an inappropriate way. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

An example of a type of response style or response set is A) deviance. B) acquiescence. C) extremen. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Dr. Rick Malone's threat management team is tasked with balancing personal and public safety needs against all citizens' A) right to privacy. B) right of free speech. C) right not to be falsely imprisoned. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Items on the F (Frequency) scale of all forms of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory A) are infrequently endorsed by members of nonpsychiatric populations. B) are more likely to be endorsed by people thought to be "eccentric" by family and friends. C) do not fit into any known pattern of deviance. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Personality assessment data are used in which settings? A) offices of independent practitioners B) educational settings C) vocational settings D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Personality tests are used for A) evaluating influences on health. B) planning psychotherapeutic interventions. C) evaluating influences on academic performance. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Self-report personality assessment can entail A) written responses to a test. B) writing entries into a diary. C) oral report of dreams. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Structured professional judgment as a tool of assessment is vulnerable to criticism regarding A) the reliability of the judgments. B) the validity of the judgements. C) the accountability of the assessor. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Structured professional judgment is an approach to threat assessment that A) attempts to bridge the gap between actuarial and unstructured clinical approaches. B) relies on evidence-based guidelines that are directly informed by the scientific and professional literature. C) allows assessors discretion in their interpretations of clinical data. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

The Faking Bad Scale with regard to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) A) is used to detect malingerers. B) was a validity scale proposed by Lees-Haley, et al. C) was criticized by MMPI author James Butcher. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 includes which types of scales? A) content B) validity C) clinical D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

The terms response style and response set as typically used in personality assessment encompass A) responding affirmatively to all items. B) responding randomly to all items. C) responding in a bizarre fashion to all items. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Validity scales assist the test user in making judgments related to whether or not a test taker A) lied when responding to a particular set of items. B) understood the items. C) misunderstood the items. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

When considering the appropriateness of administering a particular personality test to members of a particular cultural group, it is important to keep in mind A) how the test was developed. B) how the test is administered. C) how the test is interpreted. D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following item formats were illustrated in the Chapter 11 Everyday Psychometrics entitled "Some Common Item Formats"? A) true-false B) two-choice item C) semantic differential D) All of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct.

Takumi completes a self-report inventory of personality. Generalizing from what you read in Chapter 11, the best person to ask to complete that same inventory to learn about Takumi would be A) a close family member of Takumi. B) a longtime friend or colleague of Takumi. C) someone who was just introduced to Takumi. D) Both a close family member of Takumi and a longtime friend or colleague of Takumi correct.

D) Both a close family member of Takumi and a longtime friend or colleague of Takumi correct.

A personality profile based on psychological test results typically represents the extent to which a person has provided evidence of the existence of certain personality A) traits. B) states. C) tendencies. D) Both traits and states are correct.

D) Both traits and states are correct.

The researchers studying gorilla personality at the Karisoke Research Center used which personality test? A) California Personality Inventory B) Personality Inventory for Children C) Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire D) Hominoid Personality Questionnaire

D) Hominoid Personality Questionnaire

The most widely used five-factor measure of personality was developed by A) Cattell. B) Eysenck. C) Hathaway. D) McCrae and Costa.

D) McCrae and Costa.

An example of a personality test that employed empirical criterion keying in its development is the A) Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. B) Revised NEO Personality Inventory. C) Rorschach test. D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

The most frequently used and the most researched personality test is the A) Mooney Problem Checklist. B) Rorschach test. C) Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

People characterized as "highly differentiated" are likely to A) experience self-perception disorders. B) be extremely thin. C) see themselves much the same way most of the time. D) None of the answers is correct.

D) None of the answers is correct.

The personality test used in the Karisoke study of the personality of gorillas was prepared in both English and French because A) the gorillas had been spoken to only in French by the field guides. B) the test had originally been developed by a French-speaking anthropologist. C) some of the tests were administered by researchers from Sorbonne University, Paris, and from University of Oxford, England. D) None of the answers is correct.

D) None of the answers is correct.

What conclusion did Achenbach reach after investigating differences between respondents who evaluate children? A) Parents are more accurate than teachers in evaluating children. B) Teachers are more honest than parents in their evaluations. C) Physicians are less accurate than either parents or teachers. D) None of the answers is correct.

D) None of the answers is correct.

When the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2- RF) was published, the test's publisher, the University of Minnesota Press, announced A) plans to phase out the MMPI-2 by 2025. B) plans to routinely administer the test to applicants for positions with the U.S. Post Office C) plans for a "brand extension" of the MMPI known as "M" tests for members of specific populations D) None of the answers is correct.

D) None of the answers is correct.

Which of the following is true of personality traits? A) They tend to stabilize in adulthood after age 40. B) They decrease in consistency after age 30. C) Consistency first begins at 18. D) None of the answers is correct.

D) None of the answers is correct.

According to Eckardt and Weiss, one of the longest-existing primate research field sites, with almost fifty years of mountain gorilla monitoring, is a research center located in A) near Atlanta in the United States. B) Botswana. C) Kenya. D) Rwanda.

D) Rwanda.

Although the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) had a larger standardization sample than the original MMPI, the norm sample remained one of the primary criticisms of this revised test. Why? A) The MMPI-2 sample had the effect of further elevating an already elevated T score. B) The MMPI-2 sample was made up of mostly non-White individuals. C) The MMPI-2 sample was biased toward low socioeconomic status people. D) The MMPI-2 sample was biased toward highly educated people.

D) The MMPI-2 sample was biased toward highly educated people.

Which statement is true regarding the definition of personality? A) Freud's definition of personality is universally accepted. B) Hall and Lindzey's definition of personality is universally accepted. C) The definition of Cohen, Swerdlik, and Sturma is universally accepted. D) There is no universal definition of personality.

D) There is no universal definition of personality.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A) is A) the original MMPI normed for adolescents. B) the MMPI-2 normed for adolescents. C) the MMPI-2 Restructured Form normed for adolescents. D) a downward extension of the MMPI-2 for adolescents.

D) a downward extension of the MMPI-2 for adolescents.

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescentmay be criticized for its lack of A) minority group membership in the standardization sample. B) a contemporary and representative standardization sample. C) a contemporary clinical sample. D) a geographically representative clinical sample.

D) a geographically representative clinical sample.

Consider the following test item. How I feel when I go on a date? Tense _____: _____: _____: _____: _____: _____: _____ Relaxed This item may best be described as A) an embedded item. B) a range-of-choice item. C) a forced-choice item. D) a semantic differential item.

D) a semantic differential item.

In the Office of Strategic Services' blown bridge evaluation, assistants of the candidate being evaluated A) were responsible for getting the necessary parts. B) were responsible for all of the "heavy lifting." C) might take command of the task at any time. D) did more to frustrate efforts than help.

D) did more to frustrate efforts than help.

In one approach to the construction of a test to measure a personality trait, the test is administered to at least two groups, where members of one of the groups is known to be high in the trait that the test was designed to measure. This approach is referred to as the _____ approach to test construction. A) logical B) factor-analytic C) theoretical D) empirical criterion keying

D) empirical criterion keying

How many scales are there in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Restructured Form? A) twenty B) thirty C) forty D) fifty

D) fifty

According to Roberts and DelVecchio (2000), trait consistency tends to increase until one is _____ years of age, at which time it peaks. A) ten to nineteen B) thirty to thirty-nine C) forty to forty-nine D) fifty to fifty-nine

D) fifty to fifty-nine

The test used in the study of gorilla personality by the researchers in Karisoke contained how many items? A) fourteen B) twenty-four C) thirty-four D) fifty-four

D) fifty-four

Days before a party he is having at home, DJ DJay purchases a number of wine magazines to leave around his living room. He does this in an effort to lead his guests to the conclusion that he is a sophisticated wine connoisseur. In reality, DJ DJay is a devotee of Value brand beer. DJ DJay's behavior could best be characterized as A) acquiescence. B) faking good. C) disingenuous responding. D) impression management.

D) impression management.

In Chapter 11 of your textbook, reference was made to a study that entailed the measurement of attachment security in A) elementary school children using the Beck Youth Inventories-Second Edition. B) blue-fronted Amazon parakeets using speech recognition patterns. C) high school students using the Self-Directed Search. D) rhesus monkeys using Q-sort methodology.

D) rhesus monkeys using Q-sort methodology.

Citing or endorsing only positive attributes in a self-report measure of personality is a phenomenon referred to as A) putting on the Barnum. B) amplifying. C) self-deception. D) socially desirable responding.

D) socially desirable responding.

The tool of assessment that Dr. Rick Malone tends to rely on most is what he refers to as Version 1 1 A) a threat assessment protocol. B) sequential threat evaluation. C) qualitative sequential assessment. D) structured professional judgment.

D) structured professional judgment.

Which test best exemplifies a tool of assessment developed on the basis of logic and reason? A) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory B) the California Psychological Inventory C) the Blacky Pictures Test D) the Personal Data Sheet

D) the Personal Data Sheet

Psychologists have embraced "the Big Five" big time, and a number of tests have been developed to measure the Big Five. Which of the following is not a test that was developed to measure the Big Five? A) the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) B) the Big Five Inventory (BFI) C) the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) D) the Sixteen Personality Factor (16-PF) Questionnaire

D) the Sixteen Personality Factor (16-PF) Questionnaire

In which test are the subjects alternately instructed to indicate how they feel "right now" and how they feel "generally"? A) the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) B) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C) the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) D) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

D) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)

Which of the following is a validity scale first developed for use with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)? A) the Lie Scale B) the Consistent Credibility Scale C) the Moody Machiavellianism Scale D) the Variable Response Inconsistency Scale

D) the Variable Response Inconsistency Scale

A personality test contains items that were constructed by means such as consulting textbooks, reviewing clinical records, and consulting with experts in the field. Which approach to test construction best describes the approach of this test author? A) the criterion groups approach B) the factor analytic approach C) the experiential approach D) the content-oriented approach

D) the content-oriented approach