PSYC TEST 4 10 15 16
Which of the following is true about behavior therapies?
Behavior therapies focus on changing behavior, rather than thoughts, feelings, or motives.
Which of the following pairs of children features one child who would be classified as mentally retarded and one child who would be classified as gifted?
Bill's I.Q. is, Bob's I.Q. is 137
Which of the following pairs of children features one child who would be classified as intellectually disabled and one child who would be classified as gifted?
Bill's IQ is 54, and Bob's IQ is 137
Which of the following conditions was previously known as "manic depression"?
Bipolar disorder
Which of the following statements is true for tests? A. A biased test cannot be used fairly. B. An unfair test result is always culturally biased. C. A biased test may be used fairly. D. A test result used fairly cannot be culturally biased.
C. A biased test may be used fairly.
An IQ test predicts academic achievement better for a particular ethnic group compared to another. What does this suggest about the test? A. The test is standardized. B. The test is not reliable. C. The test is biased. D. The test is not valid.
C. The test is biased.
According to psychologists, which of the following is one of the "4 Ds" of determining whether something is a mental disorder?
Deviant
Which of the following statements is true for mental sets in problem-solving?
Having strategies for problem-solving can prevent the development of fresh perspectives.
According to Binet's mental-age scale, a mentally challenged girl's mental age would be __________. A. equal to her intelligence quotient B. higher than her intelligence score C. inversely proportional to her intelligence ratio D. below her chronological age
D. below her chronological age
The WAIS and WISC are tests of ___________ that were created by __________. A. mental aptitude; Jung B. creativity; Sterner C. independence; Stanford D. intelligence; Wechsler
D. intelligence; Wechsler
Ryan, aged 18, has an IQ of 65. This suggests that he has a ___________ level of intellectual disability. A. profound B. moderate C. severe D. mild
D. mild
______ created new intelligence tests to measure adult intelligence.
David Wechsler
Why do some psychologists and scholars criticize Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence?
Gardner did not provide tests of the types of intelligences he theorized
While conducting the Adverse Childhood Experiences study, Brandon reports five childhood experiences that affected him adversely. What does this imply?
He is two and a half times as likely to suffer from anxiety disorder as someone who reported no adverse childhood experiences.
Which of the following is an example of atypical antipsychotics?
Olanzapine
In a recent study, researchers used light to stimulate neurons in the orbitofrontal region of the brain in mice and were able to decrease compulsive behaviors. Which of the following techniques have the researchers used?
Optogenetics
Jason is suspicious of everyone around him. He is convinced that his parents tried to get rid of him when he had an accident so that they could claim the insurance amount. He even installs a spy camera in his house. Which odd-eccentric personality disorder accounts for Jason's condition?
Paranoid personality disorder
Which of the following is associated with fluid thinking?
Pattern recognition
Which of the following best describes cyberchondriacs?
People who self-diagnose primarily from information found on the Internet
Which of the following is an example of a traditional antipsychotic drug?
Phenothiazine
Which of the following drugs were discovered in the 1950s to help diminish hallucinations, confusion, agitation, and paranoia in people with schizophrenia?
Phenothiazines
_____ focuses on identifying risk factors for developing disorders, targeting at-risk populations, and offering training programs that decrease the likelihood of disorders occurring.
Prevention
___________________ therapy is an integrative treatment program for people who have post-traumatic stress disorder.
Prolonged exposure
___________________ is the use of psychological techniques to modify maladaptive behaviors or thought patterns, or both, and to help patients develop insight into their own behavior.
Psychotherapy
Which of the following are disorders of thought and perception, characterized by an inability to distinguish between real and imagined perceptions?
Psychotic disorders
Which of the following best describes Arthur Jensen's conclusions regarding IQ?
Racial-ethnic differences in IQ must be at least partly genetic in origin
____ problems display three words at one time to the participant, who must then come up with a single word that could be used will all three of the words.
Remote associate
___________________ is a widely used application of behavioral treatment that is especially effective for treating simple phobias.
Systematic desensitization
Which of the following statements is true about traditional antipsychotics?
Tardive dyskinesia is a particularly problematic side effect of traditional antipsychotics.
Which of the following tests can a person take to assess her creativity?
The Alternate Uses test
Which of the following is true for the commonly-used intelligence tests?
The Stanford-Binet tests failed to consider Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Which of the following processes was attempted in the olden times to cure insanity by drilling a hole in the skull to allow evil spirits to escape?
Trephining
Carl Rogers developed the "Client Centered" therapeutic approach.
True
Creative problem solving involves four stages of processing: preparation, incubation, insight, and elaborative-verification.
True
Creative thinking is distinct from but related to both intelligence and problem solving.
True
Martha is taking a test which requires her to solve problems through inductive and deductive reasoning. Which part of the brain will she use the most?
The frontal lobe
The 5th edition of the DSM is DSM-5.
True
The IQ value for a person of intellectual disability is 70 or less.
True
Which of the following is a component of crystallized intelligence?
Using cultural knowledge in problem-solving
Which of the following therapies is most likely to be used for the treatment of phobias such as fear of flying?
Virtual reality therapies
Which of the following is a component of the newest version of the Stanford-Binet intelligence tests?
Visual-spatial processing
Which of the following symptoms best relates to post-traumatic stress disorder?
Vivid reactions in which the person feels as if he or she is experiencing the distressing event all over again
What's the difference between Western and Asian culture's aspects of intelligence?
Western cultures emphasize cognitive skills while Asian cultures stress on humility.
Isabel is a three-year-old kindergarten student who is often seen fidgeting in her chair and blurts out whatever she is thinking. Her teacher regularly must ask her to be quiet and stop disrupting others. She is very restless in school and makes careless mistakes. All of these symptoms suggest that Isabel suffers from:
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
A savant is most likely to suffer from
autism
According to Sternberg, which type of intelligence do traditional IQ tests measure?
analytical intelligence
***What are current IQ scores based on?
***How well a person does on tests relative to the average scores of the general population
Any type of psychotherapy that works to restructure irrational thought patterns is known as ___________________ therapy.
cognitive
Paula is a schizophrenic who has poor memory and is often easily distracted. She has trouble focusing, has slow understanding and poor computing skills, and her speech begins to slur. Her traits are characteristic of the _____ symptoms of schizophrenia.
cognitive
According to Jean Piaget, which o the following is true?
cognitive abilities develop in stages rather than gradually
A(n) _____ is a repetitive behavior performed in response to uncontrollable urges or according to a ritualistic set of rules.
compulsion
______ is applicable to the tests that measure the concept it claims to measure.
conclusion validity
A long-lasting but milder form of bipolar disorder is called _____.
cyclothymia
As a child, Ethan was sexually and physically abused by his neighbor for almost three years. While growing up, a split began to develop in his memory and consciousness. Ethan is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.
dissociative disorder
______ is a disorder on the X chromosome, resulting in the abnormal development of a gene involved in neural development.
fragile x syndrome
Alan is in psychotherapy. The therapist tells Alan to recall the recurring dream he's been having and to say whatever comes to his mind, regardless of how threatening or troubling it may seem. The aim of this process is to unlock the meaning of Alan's dream. The technique being used by the therapist in this scenario is called ___________________.
free association
Freud's two major techniques for interpreting dreams in order to uncover their unconscious content were __________________.
free association and symbols
For children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder, the:
frontal lobes are less well connected than in normal children.
What are the levels of intelligence as propounded by John Carroll?
general intelligence, broad intelligence and narrow intelligence
Which of the following is true for the relationship between genius, IQ and creativity?
genius is more strongly correlated with creativity than with IQ
Which of the following best describes a cultural test bias?
group differences in I.Q. score are caused by different ethnic and educational environments
People who suffer from dissociative identity disorder have the common characteristic of:
having lived through a highly traumatic experience.
What was Lewis Terman's contribution to intelligence testing?
he translated Binet's test for American students and established national norms for the test
According to the g-factor theory of intelligence, people who achieve high scores on the verbal section of an intelligence test are likely to have:
high scores in the spatial, perceptual, and quantitative sections.
When does abstract intelligence peak?
in early adulthood
A person taking Guildford's Alternate Uses test suggests that on alternate use of a brick is as a weapon. This answer would be considered original if?
it is uncommon compared to the answers of others taking the test
What is the Raven's Progressive Matrices Test used for?
measuring fluid intelligence
Nancy, a three year old, enters a store by pushing a door open. Every time she comes to a door after that, she pushes the door expecting it to open even though many doors open by pulling rather than pushing. What is this an example of?
mental set
Who among the following have a greater risk of having a baby with Down syndrome?
mothers who opt to a have a child later in life
In Carroll's classification, sequential reasoning for fluid intelligence, reading and spelling are a part of___
narrow intelligence
People with specific phobias are:
not generally anxious people, but they will do almost anything to avoid coming in contact with the feared object.
Which of the following is a personality trait commonly found among highly creative individuals?
openness to experience
A treatment that uses a combination of light stimulation and genetics to manipulate the activity of individual neurons is known as _____.
optogenetics
Borderline personality disorder is characterized by:
out-of-control emotions and fear of being abandoned by others.
Jayne has an IQ of 18. It suggests that he has a ___level of mental retardation.
profound
The oldest and most direct lineage to Freudian therapy is known as ___________________ therapy.
psychoanalytic
Leo is in psychotherapy. The therapist tells Leo to recall the recurring dream he's been having and to say whatever comes to his mind, regardless of how threatening or troubling it may seem. The aim of this process is to unlock the meaning of Leo's dream. Leo's therapist is most likely to be employing _____ therapy.
psychodynamic
In addition to assessing fluid and crystallized intelligence, what does the newest version of the Stanford-Binet test assess?
quantitative reasoning
Arthur Jensen proposed that there are limits to increases in the improvement of IQ scores for people of different
racial groups
Which of the following best describes Arthur Jensen's conclusions regarding IQ?
racial-ethnic differences in IQ must be at least partly genetic in origin
In ___________________, physicians expose particular brain structures to bursts of high-intensity magnetic fields instead of electricity to treat depression.
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Iris suffers from Asperger's syndrome and is extremely gifted in mathematics. This phenomenon is known as _____ syndrome.
savant
Ron is a fourteen-year-old. He has an incredible memory which allows him to recall the contents of thousands of books verbatim after reading them just once. Given that his IQ sore is 40 and his adaptive skills are poor, his sister helps him out with almost all the daily activities. Ron is most likely to be a __________.
savant
Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil, and Celexa are some of the more widely used ___________________.
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
After experiencing extremely stressful situations, people who are most susceptible to depression are those who are deficient in the neurotransmitters:
serotonin and neuropeptide Y
Which of the following is associated with crystallized intelligence rather than with fluid intelligence?
size of vocabulary
Lauren is an excessively self-conscious girl who exhibits pronounced fear of humiliation even while talking to perfect strangers. She cannot even muster enough courage to ask anyone nearby to help her out with something lest they ridicule her. She is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.
social anxiety disorder
Which of the following is one of Howard Gardner's eight forms of intelligence?
spatial intelligence
According to Sigmund Freud, dreams can be interpreted through:
symbols.
Geri, who is schizophrenic, experiences a cluster of adverse side effects from taking antipsychotics. Her symptoms include involuntary facial movements and body tremors. Geri is most likely to have developed a condition called _____.
tardive dyskinesia
Which of the following is true for commonly-used intelligence tests?
the Stanford-Binet tests failed to assess different types of learning styles
According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which of the following refers to naturalistic intelligence?
the ability to recognize and classify the living organisms in one's environment
Which of the following refers to practical intelligence?
the ability to solve problems of everyday life
Which of the following tests can a person take to asses her creativity?
the alternate uses test
For most people in most environments, the reaction range for IQ is about 25 points. This means that___
the environment is the primary determinant of mental capacity and biological characteristics are only incidental to intelligence
Audrey is a savant who does not have a corpus callosum. Which of the following holds true for Audrey?
the processing of information in the brain's hemispheres is incomplete
Gardner and Sterberg did not consider the Wechsler and Standford-Binet tests to be valid measures of intelligence because___
the tests measure only verbal, spatial, and mathematical forms of intelligence
Why were the intelligence tests developed by the Kaufmans considered to be pioneering?
the tests were grounded in psychological theories
On what basis was Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence criticized?
the theory did not do justice to the complexity of intelligence
Sternberg's theory is also known as __________.
the triarchic theory of intelligence
In terms of the genetics of bipolar disorder, if one identical twin develops bipolar disorder, then:
there is a 40%-70% chance that the other twin will also develop the disorder.
In an effort to get him to clean his bedroom, Zack's mother gave him a gold star every time he cleaned it. Each time he earned five stars, he was able to trade them in for a new toy. Now his room is usually clean. In this case, Zack's mother has used _____.
token economies
After the introduction of ___________________, lobotomy fell out of favor.
traditional antipsychotic medications
Jesse and Alice are twins. When their mother points at something interesting, Alice looks in that direction while Jesse remains indifferent and rarely looks in that direction. When their mother buys them toys, Alice plays with them while Jesse spends time smelling and tasting the toys. Jesse is most likely to be diagnosed with _____.
autism
The intelligence test developed by Lewis Terman is known as the___
Stanford-Binet test
Which of the following is typically characteristic of savants?
Low IQ scores
Researchers suggest that the heritability rates of schizophrenia are approximately:
70-85 percent.
On which of the following points do g-factor theorists and multiple-factor theorists disagree?
A single test score can reflect a person's overall intelligence.
Using William Stern's method of calculating intelligence, the intelligence score of a ten-year-old with a mental age of 8 would be __________. A. 80 B. 100 C. 120 D. 160
A. 80
On which of the following points do g-factor theorists and multiple-factor theorists disagree? A. A single test score can reflect a person's overall intelligence. B. The different aspects of intelligence are correlated. C. A multiple test score cannot reflect a person's intelligence. D. Intelligence has a number of components.
A. A single test score can reflect a person's overall intelligence.
Who is credited with developing the first test of intelligence? A. Alfred Binet B. Sigmund Freud C. Charles Spearman D. John Carroll
A. Alfred Binet
In a test, a child is asked to decipher the meaning of an uncommon word from its context in a sentence. What is the child being tested for? A. Analytical intelligence B. Practical intelligence C. Creative intelligence D. Fluid intelligence
A. Analytical intelligence
Which of the following researchers was the one to "break intelligence in two"? A. Charles Spearman B. Robert Sternberg C. Raymond Cattell D. Howard Gardner
A. Charles Spearman
Who is credited with developing the first theory of intelligence? A. Charles Spearman B. Howard Gardner C. Sigmund Freud D. Ivan Pavlov
A. Charles Spearman
What are the levels of intelligence as propounded by John Carroll? A. General intelligence, broad intelligence and narrow intelligence B. Emotional intelligence, linguistic intelligence and creative intelligence C. Fluid intelligence, practical intelligence and creative intelligence D. Analytical intelligence, crystallized intelligence and practical intelligence
A. General intelligence, broad intelligence and narrow intelligence
What was Lewis Terman's contribution to intelligence testing? A. He translated Binet's test for American students and established national norms for the test. B. He developed the concept of mental age and formulated a system to calculate intelligence. C. He theorized that intelligence has multiple components and devised a system of nomenclature. D. He developed the first intelligence test based on the multiple abilities theory of intelligence.
A. He translated Binet's test for American students and established national norms for the test.
______ can be defined as a set of cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge. A. Intelligence B. Creativity C. Proposition D. Behavior
A. Intelligence
Activity in the visual cortex during visual hallucinations shows similarity to the brain activity that occurs when visual stimulus is present.
Activity in the visual cortex during visual hallucinations shows similarity to the brain activity that occurs when visual stimulus is present.
Who is credited with developing the first test of intelligence?
Alfred Binet
___________ are step-by-step formulas or procedures for solving problems.
Algorithms
Which of the following is true for algorithms?
Algorithms are step-by-step procedures that are used in solving problems
Which of the following is true for algorithms?
Algorithms are step-by-step procedures that are used in solving problems.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) originates from a(n) _____ perspective of psychological illness.
American
Which of the following refers to test fairness? A. Ensuring that tests really measure intelligence and not something else B. Applying test results in an impartial way C. Ensuring that tests have a high internal reliability D. Ascertaining that test scores predict real-world outcomes
B. Applying test results in an impartial way
Which of the following holds true for the developers of the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests? A. Both developed tests that took cultural differences between people into account. B. Both failed to factor in developments in the field of neuroscience. C. Both developed tests which aimed to measure every dimension of intelligence. D. Both failed to account for the fact that intelligence is a single quality.
B. Both failed to factor in developments in the field of neuroscience.
Gardner and Sternberg did not consider the Wechsler and Stanford-Binet tests to be valid measures of intelligence because __________. A. the tests viewed intelligence as a collection of multiple abilities rather than as a single ability B. the tests measured aspects such as emotional, social and kinesthetic intelligence C. the tests measured only verbal, spatial, and mathematical forms of intelligence D. the tests did not provide the same results consistently when taken at different times
C. the tests measured only verbal, spatial, and mathematical forms of intelligence
___________________ is the process of releasing intense, often unconscious, emotions in a therapeutic setting.
Catharsis
___________________ therapy entails restructuring thoughts, loosening the client's belief in irrational thoughts that may perpetuate the disorder, and offering incentives for acquiring more adaptive thought and behavior patterns.
Cognitive-behavioral
In an examination, Dorothy deductively zeroes in on one of the options of a multiple choice question. What kind of thinking can she be said to engage in?
Convergent thinking
Which of the following is a true conclusion obtained on researches done in creative insights?
Creative insights increases the frontal lobe activity.
If a test is equally valid for different groups and they still score differently on it, it is likely that __________. A. the test is fair but not standardized B. the test may be fair but is definitely biased C. the test is unfair but definitely standardized D. the test may be unfair but it is not biased
D. the test may be unfair but it is not biased
_____ disorder is a major psychological disorder that involves a sudden loss of memory or change of identity.
Dissociative
Pauline was born with a chromosomal disorder. She was diagnosed to have three rather than two number 21 chromosomes. She also suffered from learning disabilities. Her intellectual disability is a result of __________.
Down syndrome
Which of the following was shown to be the most effective combination treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
Drug and behavioral therapies
Which of the following can be effective for severe cases of depression in people who have not responded to other therapies?
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Which of the following is NOT a biological factor that makes people vulnerable to anxiety disorders?
Excessive glutamate production
"Free Association" is a type of learning technique.
False
A "compulsion" is an unwanted thought, word, phrase or image that persistently and repeatedly comes to mind and causes distress.
False
According to the DSM-5, to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder, a person must show at least 5 symptoms for 5 weeks.
False
All intelligence definitions are multi-factor definitions.
False
An algorithm is a sudden awareness of a solution to a problem.
False
Brodman's area is 51.
False
Construct validity refers to the fact that a test can measure multiple constructs such as math and verbal abilities.
False
Deviant behavior is the same as disturbed behavior.
False
ElectroConvulsive Therapy (ECT) is used with most cases of depression.
False
Fluid Intelligence is intelligence a person obtains throughout life.
False
Group Therapy and Support Groups are two names for the same therapeutic technique.
False
Human behavior is neither complex nor variable.
False
Intelligence ratio and intelligence quotient are the same thing.
False
Mental Age is the same as chronological age.
False
Personality disorders do not develop until adulthood.
False
Systematic desensitization is used to treat highly complex phobias.
False
Unlike other animals, humans have evolved fear mechanisms as a way to identify situations as being either safe or dangerous.
False
Which of the following disabilities is prevalent among people of low socioeconomic status?
Familial-cultural retardation
Which of the following statements about generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is true?
Females are twice as likely as males to have GAD.
Matthew sees a nail sticking out from a board which he wishes to push inside. Though there is a brick lying nearby, it does not occur to him that it can serve well to fix the nail. Consequently, he wastes time searching for a hammer. Which of the following does Matthew exhibit?
Functional fixedness`
Which of the following best describes a cultural test bias?
Group differences in IQ scores are caused by different ethnic and educational environments.
Which of the following is true about group therapies?
Group therapies often follow a structured process, with clear treatment goals such as learning to overcome social anxiety disorder.
Which symptom of schizophrenia does antipsychotic medication work best on?
Hallucinations
Garrett is taking a phenothiazine as prescribed by his psychiatrist. Which of the following clusters of symptoms is his psychiatrist most likely attempting to treat?
Hallucinations, confusion, and paranoia
Harold is diagnosed with schizophrenia after it was observed that his brain size has changed considerably. Which of the following reasons, if true, is most likely to have led to Harold developing schizophrenia?
Harold suffered abuse and neglect after birth.
Which of the following indicates that a test demonstrates predictive validity? A. Paul's scores improve each time he takes a particular aptitude test. B. People who score high on a particular test tend to earn more in the future. C. Timothy's score on a particular IQ test did not change over ten years. D. Debbie did badly on an IQ test because it required some knowledge of algebra.
B. People who score high on a particular test tend to earn more in the future.
Which of the following refers to practical intelligence? A. The ability to compare and contrast information B. The ability to solve problems of everyday life C. The ability to come up with fresh and innovative ideas D. The ability to evaluate the worth of information
B. The ability to solve problems of everyday life
Peter takes an intelligence test that yields a different IQ score each time he takes it. Which of the following does this fact most indicate? A. The test does not have internal reliability. B. The test does not have test-retest reliability. C. The test has construct validity. D. The test has predictive validity.
B. The test does not have test-retest reliability.
Who among the following developed the concept of mental age? A. Charles Spearman B. Theodore Simon and Alfred Binet C. Robert Sternberg and Howard Gardner D. John Carroll
B. Theodore Simon and Alfred Binet
Most current diagnoses of intellectual disability emphasizes on __________. A. a person's IQ scores B. a person's everyday abilities C. a person's academic performance D. a person's verbal intelligence
B. a person's everyday abilities
In a test, a student is asked to contrast two theories and select the best one. The student is being tested for __________. A. practical intelligence B. analytical intelligence C. creative intelligence D. fluid intelligence
B. analytical intelligence
Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence is known as __________. A. the Downing effect B. the g-factor theory C. the primary ability theory D. the multi-factor theory
B. the g-factor theory
Sternberg's theory is also known as __________. A. the theory of general intelligence B. the triarchic theory of intelligence C. the theory of multiple intelligences D. the theory of primary mental abilities
B. the triarchic theory of intelligence
Which of the following drugs is prescribed for anxiety?
Barbiturates
Which of the following holds true for the developers of the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests?
Both failed to factor in developments in the field of neuroscience.
______ is a disorder on the X chromosome, resulting in the abnormal development of a gene involved in neural development. A. Down syndrome B. Asperger's syndrome C. Fragile X syndrome D. X-linked hypophoshatemia
C. Fragile X syndrome
What happens to the crystallized intelligence as one goes from young adulthood to middle adulthood? A. It starts developing. B. It deteriorates. C. It stops developing. D. It improves.
D. It improves.
According to Raymond Cattell's theory of intelligence, ___________ involves how fast you learn new things. A. crystallized intelligence B. creative intelligence C. emotional intelligence D. fluid intelligence
D. fluid intelligence
If following Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, an employer sifting through candidates for the role of a team leader would look for someone with high levels of __________. A. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence B. linguistic intelligence C. naturalistic intelligence D. interpersonal intelligence
D. interpersonal intelligence
Which of the following abilities did Carroll assign to broad intelligence?
Memory
Nancy, a three-year old, enters a store by pushing a door open. Every time she comes to a door after that, she pushes the door expecting it to open even though many doors open by pulling rather than pushing. What is this an example of?
Mental set
Which of the following drugs interact with many foods and common over-the-counter drugs to produce side effects such as a life threatening increase in blood pressure?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
___________ is a way of testing the creativity of a person, whereby three words at one time are displayed to the participant, who must then come up with a single word that can be used with all three of the words.
Remote association
Patrick has been tested to have an IQ of 32. But, he plays the piano exceptionally well. Patrick suffers from ______.
Savant syndrome
Which of the following major psychological disorders is characterized by distorted thoughts and perceptions, odd communication, inappropriate emotion, and other unusual behaviors?
Schizophrenia
Which of the following best explains the prevailing view that existed for years, dubbed as the dopamine hypothesis?
Schizophrenia resulted from an excess of dopamine in the brain.
Of the various classes of antidepressants, which of the following medications have the fewest adverse side effects and can be used for long-term treatments?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
In ___________________, the therapist poses questions that help the client recognize erroneous logic that may support problematic thinking.
Socratic method
Identify the major psychological disorder that occurs when psychological symptoms take a physical form even though no physical causes can be found.
Somatic symptom disorder
The intelligence test developed by Lewis Terman is known as the __________.
Stanford-Binet test
According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which of the following refers to naturalistic intelligence?
The ability to recognize and classify the living organisms in one's environment
Which of the following refers to practical intelligence?
The ability to solve problems of everyday life
Which of the following is true about free association as a technique for interpreting dreams?
The client recounts a dream and then tries to take one image or idea and say whatever comes to mind, regardless of how threatening, disgusting, or troubling it may be.
Which of the following helps us understand why some people and not others develop depression?
The diathesis-stress model
Which of the following best describes cognitive fixation?
The inability to break out of a particular mind-set in order to think about a problem from a fresh perspective
A "prodigy" is a young person gifted in a particular ability, such as math or music, but otherwise, shows average intelligence.
True
A phobia is a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, situation or activity.
True
A synonym for reliability is consistency.
True
Boys are more likely to be diagnosed with ADHD.
True
Brain imaging studies show that hallucinations activate the brain in ways similar, but not identical to, real external stimulation from the environment.
True
Head size can be an indicator of possible autistic spectrum disorder.
True
IQ tests generate an IQ score and measures over multiple dimensions of intelligence.
True
If a woman contracts an infection during pregnancy, the risk of the child developing schizophrenia later in life increases greatly.
True
In the context of creativity, "originality" refers to thinking of unusual and novel ideas.
True
Intelligence is considered to be the primary characteristic that sets humans apart from other animals.
True
PTSD may include both recurring thoughts and recurring intrusive feelings.
True
Phenothiazines block neurotransmitter dopamine molecules from attaching to synaptic receptor sites.
True
Psychoanalytic therapy techniques were first developed by Sigmund Freud.
True
Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder.
True
Schizophrenia occurs as a result of an interaction between biological factors and an abusive environment.
True
Stressful events, like social rejection, can start boiological reactions which may result in developing depression.
True
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale measures adult intelligence.
True
The left prefrontal cortex is active during verbal tasks.
True
The personality characteristic, "openness to experience," is a common trait of creative people.
True
The presence of hallucinations is an example of positive symptoms.
True
The shape of the graph for the variation of IQ scores in the population is a normal curve.
True
To be considered disturbed, a behavior must result in a person being unable to function in the world.
True
Twin studies show that identical twins have a high correlation between their IQ scores.
True
War veterans are at risk for depression, drug abuse and suicide, as well as ptsd.
True
Behavioral therapies use principles of classical and operant conditioning.
Ture
Which of the following statements is true about mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?
It helps people with depression learn to recognize and restructure negative thought patterns.
What happens to the crystallized intelligence as one goes from young adulthood to middle adulthood?
It improves.
Identify a characteristic of creative intelligence.
It includes the ability to come up with fresh and useful ideas for solving problems.
Charles Spearman's theory of human intelligence viewed intelligence as __________.
a single general factor made up of specific components
Mallory, a compulsive gambler, regularly attends therapeutic meetings in which there is a group facilitator and an open format. Although there are no formal program goals, she says she benefits greatly from the sense of community offered by people who share common situations in life. Nancy is attending _____.
a support group
Damien is cold-shouldered by most of his colleagues as he was the only one in the team to be promoted. Adding to this, he recently lost a good friend in an accident. In the context of stress and depression, Damien is likely to develop depression if there is an:
activation of his hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system.
The ability to recognize and classify the living organisms in one's environment
below her chronological age
Valium and Librium are _____.
benzodiazepines
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder that is manifested in:
both thought and behavior.
Post-traumatic stress symptoms can be experienced:
by people of all ages.
Tiana strongly believes that she is being spied upon. She takes the help of her friend to search her apartment but she does not find any video cameras. Although her friend is convinced that no one is spying on Tiana, Tiana feels that the spies must have known they were going to search the house. Hence, they must have moved the video cameras before her search. In terms of the symptoms of schizophrenia, Tiana is:
delusional.
Treatment that integrates elements of cognitive behavioral therapy with exercises aimed at developing mindfulness without meditation is called _____ therapy.
dialectical behavior
Zoey has two distinct personalities. At times she says that her name is Michael and behaves in an arrogant manner. When her therapist asked her about her experiences in life at any particular moment, Zoey is unable to remember anything. When alone, Zoey tends to behave in ways that are self-destructive. Zoey's condition provides a clue that she most likely has:
dissociative identity disorder.
Tony's behavior often causes his parents a lot of anguish, pain, and discomfort in addition to embarrassment in front of guests. According to the "4 Ds" of determining whether something is a mental disorder, such behavior is known as _____.
distressing
Asked to list the possible uses of a brick, a child comes up with many answers. The child is performing___
divergent thinking
The ability to generate original ideas or develop a novel solution to problems is known as __________.
divergent thinking
Pauline was born with three rather than two number 21 chomosomes and is mentally retarded. Her retardation is the result of___
down syndrome
In the context of treatment of psychological disorders, some therapists draw on numerous techniques and use those that seem most appropriate for the situation. This form of therapy is known as _____ therapy.
integrative
Which of the following best describes the two main views of intelligence?
intelligence as a static versus intelligence as a dynamic ability
Which of the following are Sternberg and Gardner most likely to believe?
intelligence includes creative and interpersonal aspects
What is the definition of intelligence, as propounded by Robert Sternberg?
intelligence is an integrated set information-processing and cognitive abilities needed for life success
The WAIS and WISC are tests of ___________ that were created by __________.
intelligence; Wechsler
According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which of the following refers to the ability to perceive other people's intentions?
interpersonal intelligence
If following Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, an employer sifting through candidates for the role of a team leader would look for someone with high levels of __________.
interpersonal intelligence
Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence?
interpersonal intelligence
What happens to the crystallized intelligence as one goes from young adulthood to middle adulthood?
it improves
Which of the following is true for the mental age of a person?
it is based on what most people at a particular age level can do
A person taking Guildford's Alternate Uses test suggests that one alternate use of a brick is as a weapon. This answer would be considered original if __________.
it is uncommon compared to the answers of others taking the test
Mark has been experiencing sleeplessness, irritability, and a sense of increased energy for a week. There are times when he feels euphoric for no reason and has "racing" thoughts for a week. He most likely suffers from _____.
manic episodes
The brains creative people have both more connections between___and more___than less creative people
neurons; myelin
Traditional psychodynamic therapies viewed anxiety as the main symptom of what was then commonly called _____.
neurosis
To be considered valid, an intelligence test must___
predict real-world outcomes
In the diathesis-stress model, the term "diathesis" refers to _____.
predisposition
Which of the following lists the stages of creative problem-solving?
preparation, incubation, insight, and elaboration
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) encourages the ___________________ of events previously viewed as stressful.
reappraisal
Thinking outside the box implies that ______.
solutions can be found by looking at a problem from a new perspective
Thinking outside the box implies that___
solutions can be found by looking at a problem from a new perspective
A "positive symptom" is a symptom that is "present" with a person's schizophrenia.
True
Neural growth during fetal development can peak at approximately:
3 million per minute.
Mrs. Ross, a teacher, wanted to measure the IQ of the newly admitted students in her class. While using William Stern's method for calculating intelligence, she found out that Sarah, a ten-year-old girl, had the mental age of a 14 year old. What is Sarah's intelligence score?
140
Which of the following statements is true for tests?
A biased test may be used fairly
Which of the following holds true with regard to creative people?
A creative person will typically display flexibility in thinking.
What happens when a person experiences anxiety about future attacks?
A positive feedback cycle is created wherein anxiety about future attacks hijacks the body's emergency response system and catapults it out of control.
Which of the following best describes cognitive fixation? A. The inability to break out of a particular mind-set in order to think about a problem from a fresh perspective B. The ability to methodically develop step-by-step methods to solve a problem C. The ability to break out of a particular mind-set in order to think about a problem from a fresh perspective D. The inability to methodically develop step-by-step methods to solve a problem
A. The inability to break out of a particular mind-set in order to think about a problem from a fresh perspective
Which of the following tests does NOT demonstrate test-retest reliability? A. Timmy's scores improve each time he takes a particular aptitude test. B. Teachers find that students' performance on a given test is a good indicator of their grades. C. Chloe's score on an IQ test were the same in school as well as college. D. Nathan did badly on an IQ test because its vocabulary level was very high.
A. Timmy's scores improve each time he takes a particular aptitude test.
Jayne is a student at a community college. She has been tested to have an IQ of 18. This suggests that she has a ______ level of intellectual disability. A. profound B. moderate C. severe D. mild
A. profound
Who among the following broke new ground by discovering dopamine and its functions?
Arvid Carlsson
Travis is a child with above-average intelligence and is quite advanced in his speech. He engages his parents in long-winded discussions on one rather narrow topic. However, he is not interested in making friends. All these symptoms point to the fact that he is most likely to have:
Asperger's syndrome.
______ hallucinations are the most common type of hallucinations in schizophrenia, typically taking the form of hearing voices inside one's head in the absence of external stimulation.
Auditory
Which of the following is a form of anxious-fearful personality disorder?
Avoidant personality disorder
What procedure does William Stern use to determine a person's intelligence score? A. Multiplying mental age by chronological age and subtracting the intelligence quotient B. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100 C. Multiplying mental age with chronological age and dividing it by 100 D. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by the intelligence quotient
B. Dividing mental age by chronological age and multiplying by 100
When does abstract intelligence peak? A. In old age B. In early adulthood C. In childhood D. In middle age
B. In early adulthood
Which of the following most affects the human potential for learning? A. Intuition B. Intelligence C. Emotion D. Inhibition
B. Intelligence
Which of the following best describes Raymond Cattell's theory of intelligence? A. Intelligence comprises three different factors: practical, creative and analytic. B. Intelligence comprises into two parts: fluid and crystalline. C. Intelligence is a function of eight distinct skills. D. Intelligence is a generalized entity comprising different components.
B. Intelligence comprises into two parts: fluid and crystalline.
According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which of the following refers to the ability to perceive other people's intentions? A. Naturalistic intelligence B. Interpersonal intelligence C. Kinesthetic intelligence D. Linguistic intelligence
B. Interpersonal intelligence
Who among the following have a greater risk of having a baby with Down syndrome? A. Mothers with a history of familial-cultural retardation B. Mothers who opt to have a child later in life C. Mothers of low socioeconomic status D. Mothers who suffer from hypertension during pregnancy
B. Mothers who opt to have a child later in life
How did the K-ABC differ from the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests? A. It considered intelligence to be a single ability rather than multiple abilities. B. It was designed to measure several distinct aspects of intelligence. C. It was the first intelligence test designed for adults as well as children. D. It did not consider different learning styles to be a part of intelligence.
B. It was designed to measure several distinct aspects of intelligence.
Which of the following is NOT a component of the newest versions of WAIS and WISC? A. Processing speed B. Kinesthetics C. Perceptual reasoning D. Verbal comprehension
B. Kinesthetics
Which of the following is an example of an adaptive behavior? A. Learning advanced calculus B. Learning to brush your teeth C. Learning a new language D. Learning to knit
B. Learning to brush your teeth
Which of the following abilities did Carroll assign to broad intelligence? A. Kinesthetics B. Memory C. Reading D. Spelling
B. Memory
Vocabulary tests are measures of __________. A. kinesthetics B. crystallized intelligence C. abstract reasoning D. fluid intelligence
B. crystallized intelligence
According to Gardner and Sternberg, the Wechsler and Stanford-Binet tests lack tests for ___________ intelligence and hence are not valid measures of intelligence. A. verbal B. emotional C. spatial D. mathematical
B. emotional
If a pregnant lady drinks excessively, her child runs the risk of having ______. A. down syndrome B. fetal alcohol syndrome C. fragile X syndrome D. Asperger's syndrome
B. fetal alcohol syndrome
Raven's Progressive Test is a commonly used measure for ______. A. verbal intelligence B. fluid intelligence C. numerical ability D. crystallized intelligence
B. fluid intelligence
Which of the following symptoms is characteristic of autistic spectrum disorder?
Impaired communication
According to the g-factor theory of intelligence, people who achieve high scores on the verbal section of an intelligence test are likely to have: A. low scores in the spatial and quantitative sections but low in the perceptual section. B. high scores in the spatial, perceptual, and quantitative sections. C. low scores in all the non-verbal sections of the test. D. high scores in the perceptual and spatial sections, but low in the quantitative section.
B. high scores in the spatial, perceptual, and quantitative sections.
In Carroll's classification, sequential reasoning for fluid intelligence, reading and spelling are a part of __________. A. emotional intelligence B. narrow intelligence C. abstract intelligence D. kinesthetic intelligence
B. narrow intelligence
What does the g-factor theory imply? A. A person's intelligence is inversely related to his score on intelligence tests. B. A person's intelligence does not change throughout his lifetime. C. A person's intelligence can be accurately indicated with a single number. D. A person's intelligence is variable at different points of time.
C. A person's intelligence can be accurately indicated with a single number.
Which of the following tests best demonstrates test-retest reliability? A. Jake's scores improve each time he takes a particular aptitude test. B. Teachers find that students' performance on a test is a good indicator of their grades. C. Chloe's score on an IQ test were the same in school as well as college. D. Nathan did badly on an IQ test because its vocabulary level was very high.
C. Chloe's score on an IQ test were the same in school as well as college.
______ created new intelligence tests to measure adult intelligence. A. Lewis Terman B. William Stern C. David Wechsler D. Raymond Cattell
C. David Wechsler
Which of the following can potentially lead a person who uses recreational drugs to develop schizophrenia?
Impaired functioning of glutamate
Why do some psychologists and scholars criticize Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence? A. Gardner considered people from diverse age groups for the tests he formulated. B. Gardner did not take into account factors such as economic conditions. C. Gardner's ideas were argued to be more theoretical than empirical. D. Gardner ignored many other skills and intelligences a person can possess.
C. Gardner's ideas were argued to be more theoretical than empirical.
Which of the following best describes a cultural test bias? A. Group differences in IQ tests are caused because different IQ tests are administered to different cultural groups. B. People use IQ test results unfairly to deny certain groups access to universities or jobs. C. Group differences in IQ scores are caused by different ethnic and educational environments. D. A particular test predicts outcomes equally well for different cultural groups.
C. Group differences in IQ scores are caused by different ethnic and educational environments.
Which of the following theorists theorized that intelligence consists of eight distinct capacities? A. Alfred Binet B. Robert Sternberg C. Howard Gardner D. Ivan Pavlov
C. Howard Gardner
When did theories of intelligence start emerging? A. In the late seventeenth century B. During the Renaissance C. In the early twentieth century D. During the Counter Reformation
C. In the early twentieth century
What is the definition of successful intelligence, as propounded by Robert Sternberg? A. It includes attitudes that support persistence, systemization, and imagination, self-monitoring and self-management. B. Intelligence is a biopsychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems C. Intelligence is an integrated set of information-processing and cognitive abilities needed for life success. D. Intelligence is a single general factor made up of specific components.
C. Intelligence is an integrated set of information-processing and cognitive abilities needed for life success.
Why is matrix reasoning considered as a fluid intelligence? A. It does not involve abstract reasoning B. Its solutions require culturally acquired experience C. It does not depend on acquired knowledge D. It involves using skills and knowledge to solve problems
C. It does not depend on acquired knowledge
Which of the following is true for the mental age of a person? A. It is based on the average intelligence of people of all ages. B. It is based on how the average person performs on a given task. C. It is based on what most people at a particular age level can do. D. It is the average of the IQs of all people of a particular age.
C. It is based on what most people at a particular age level can do.
___________ found that the cognitive abilities of young children and adolescents are fundamentally different and that cognitive development occurs in stages rather than gradually over time. A. David Wechsler B. Charles Spearman C. Jean Piaget D. John Carroll
C. Jean Piaget
Which of the following tests was developed taking into consideration Cattell and Horn's concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence? A. WAIS B. Stanford-Binet C. K-ABC D. WISC
C. K-ABC
Which of the following is NOT among the three types of intelligence proposed by Sternberg? A. Analytical B. Practical C. Logical D. Creative
C. Logical
Which of the following is associated with fluid thinking? A. Size of vocabulary B. General knowledge C. Pattern recognition D. Cultural habits
C. Pattern recognition
In addition to assessing fluid and crystallized intelligence, what does the newest version of the Stanford-Binet test assess? A. Implicit memory B. Abstract reasoning C. Quantitative reasoning D. Long-term memory
C. Quantitative reasoning
Which of the following led Charles Spearman to arrive at his theory of intelligence? A. Research showed that individual intelligence does not differ much from group intelligence. B. Research showed that intelligence is made up of a number of dissimilar components. C. Research showed that the factors of intelligence correlated strongly with one another. D. Research showed that spatial intelligence is not related to verbal or perceptual intelligence.
C. Research showed that the factors of intelligence correlated strongly with one another.
The intelligence test developed by Lewis Terman is known as the __________. A. SAT-Quantitative test B. Kaufman-Assessment Battery for Children C. Stanford-Binet test D. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales
C. Stanford-Binet test
Which of the following is true for the commonly-used intelligence tests? A. The K-ABC tests failed to assess different types of intelligence. B. The Stanford-Binet tests were guided by Cattell and Horn's theories of intelligence. C. The Stanford-Binet tests failed to consider Piaget's theory of cognitive development. D. The K-ABC tests had no relevance to the concepts of fluid and crystallized intelligence.
C. The Stanford-Binet tests failed to consider Piaget's theory of cognitive development.
Which type of memory can retain about seven bits of information for a short while and aids in solving an immediate problem? A. Sensory memory B. Long-term memory C. Working memory D. Procedural memory
C. Working memory
As argued by Sternberg and Gardner, what is a drawback of Wechsler and Stanford-Binet tests? A. They do not measure verbal, spatial, and mathematical forms of intelligence. B. They had incorporated developments in neurosciences in their studies. C. They do not measure social, musical, and naturalistic forms of intelligence. D. They lay emphasis on quantitative reasoning and visual-spatial processing.
C. They do not measure social, musical, and naturalistic forms of intelligence.
Which of the following is a component of crystallized intelligence? A. Using spatial visualization in problem-solving B. Using abstract reasoning in problem-solving C. Using cultural knowledge in problem-solving D. Using pattern recognition in problem-solving
C. Using cultural knowledge in problem-solving
Which of the following is a component of the newest version of the Stanford-Binet intelligence tests? A. Intrapersonal processing B. Long-term memory C. Visual-spatial processing D. Kinesthetics
C. Visual-spatial processing
What is the difference between the WISC and the WAIS? A. WISC considers abstract intelligence, while WAIS considers kinesthetic intelligence. B. WISC is culturally fair while WAIS is not. C. WISC is for children while WAIS is for adults. D. WISC is used with individuals who are not native speakers of English.
C. WISC is for children while WAIS is for adults.
Scores from the WAIS can be successfully used to estimate both one's academic class rank in high school and one's college grade point average. This indicates that the test has __________. A. internal reliability B. variable reliability C. construct validity D. predictive validity
C. construct validity
Why is verification-elaboration undertaken?
To confirm the feasibility of the solution
The ______ of intelligence holds that the different aspects of intelligence are distinct enough that numerous abilities must be considered, not just one. A. two-factor theory B. expectancy theory C. multiple-factor theory D. g-factor theory
C. multiple-factor theory
The question "How are you intelligent?" is best answered by a theory based on the ______. A. crystallized theory of intelligence B. g-factor theory of intelligence C. multiple-factor theory of intelligence D. fluid theory of intelligence
C. multiple-factor theory of intelligence
According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, a botanist and a hunter in a primitive society would both have a high level of __________. A. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence B. linguistic intelligence C. naturalistic intelligence D. interpersonal intelligence
C. naturalistic intelligence
___________________ is an extreme form of in vivo exposure in which the client experiences extreme exposure to the phobic object.
Implosion therapy
Mrs. Ross, a teacher, wanted to measure the IQ of the newly admitted students in her class. While using William Stern's method for calculating intelligence, she found out that Sarah, a ten-year-old girl, had the mental age of a 14 year old. What is Sarah's intelligence score? A. 80 B. 100 C. 120 D. 140
D. 140
Which of the following is a criterion to be considered for intellectual disability? A. Both mental and physical deficits must be apparent after age 18. B. The deficits must be acquired habits which lead to intellectual disability. C. An individual must show minor limitations in intellectual functioning and major limitations in physical functioning. D. An individual must show significant limitations in everyday adaptive behavior.
D. An individual must show significant limitations in everyday adaptive behavior.
Which of the following is a criterion used to assess the reliability of an intelligence test? A. Does the test accurately measure intelligence, or does it measure some other quality? B. Does the test measure all the aspects of intelligence, including kinesthetic intelligence? C. Do the test scores predict the test-taker's performance in real-world settings? D. Are the results obtained by a person the same every time he or she takes the test?
D. Are the results obtained by a person the same every time he or she takes the test?
According to Jean Piaget, which of the following is true? A. Cognitive abilities are inborn and do not change over time. B. The cognitive abilities of young children are the same as those of adults. C. Both children and adolescents can reason abstractly. D. Cognitive abilities develop in stages rather than gradually.
D. Cognitive abilities develop in stages rather than gradually.
______ is applicable to the tests that measure the concept it claims to measure. A. Internal validity B. Predictive validity C. Construct validity D. Conclusion validity
D. Conclusion validity
Pauline was born with a chromosomal disorder. She was diagnosed to have three rather than two number 21 chromosomes. She also suffered from learning disabilities. Her intellectual disability is a result of __________. A. Edward's syndrome B. Asperger's syndrome C. Fragile X syndrome D. Down syndrome
D. Down syndrome
Which of the following is an advantage of fluid intelligence measures over crystallized intelligence measures? A. Fluid intelligence measures have greater predictive validity. B. Fluid intelligence measures can accurately predict creativity. C. Fluid intelligence measures require numeric scales. D. Fluid intelligence measures are free of cultural bias.
D. Fluid intelligence measures are free of cultural bias.
Which of the following best describes adaptive behavior? A. How a person takes on the personality characteristics of his social group B. How a person survives and copes after a traumatic life event C. How well a person understands symbolism and nonverbal communication D. How well a person adjusts to and copes with everyday life
D. How well a person adjusts to and copes with everyday life
What are current IQ scores based on? A. How well a person does on tests relative to the norms that are established by testing people of different ages B. How well a person does on any given test based on the aptitudes for different intelligences relative to the general population C. How well a person does on tests relative to the average scores of the general population D. How well a person does on tests relative to norms established by testing people of the same age
D. How well a person does on tests relative to norms established by testing people of the same age
Which of the following best describes the two main views of intelligence? A. Intelligence as a static versus intelligence as a dynamic ability B. Intelligence as unaffected by environment versus intelligence as influenced by environment C. Intelligence as a hereditary ability versus intelligence as a learnt ability D. Intelligence as a single general ability versus intelligence as a collection of multiple abilities
D. Intelligence as a single general ability versus intelligence as a collection of multiple abilities
Which of the following best describes the theory of intelligence propounded by John Carroll? A. Intelligence does not depend on inherent ability but on acquired knowledge. B. Intelligence comprises into two parts: fluid and crystalline. C. Intelligence is a function of eight distinct skills. D. Intelligence consists of three levels, arranged in a hierarchy.
D. Intelligence consists of three levels, arranged in a hierarchy.
Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence? A. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence B. Fluid intelligence C. Naturalistic intelligence D. Interpersonal intelligence
D. Interpersonal intelligence
Identify a characteristic of creative intelligence. A. It involves judging and evaluating information. B. It includes the ability to solve problems of everyday life efficiently. C. It involves comparing and contrasting information. D. It includes the ability to come up with fresh and useful ideas for solving problems.
D. It includes the ability to come up with fresh and useful ideas for solving problems.
The Binet test was adapted for American students by __________. A. William Stern B. David Wechsler C. Theodore Simon D. Lewis Terman
D. Lewis Terman
Which of the following is associated with crystallized intelligence rather than with fluid intelligence? A. Speed of learning B. Abstract reasoning C. Pattern recognition D. Size of vocabulary
D. Size of vocabulary
Which of the following is one of Howard Gardner's eight forms of intelligence? A. General intelligence B. Analytical intelligence C. Crystallized intelligence D. Spatial intelligence
D. Spatial intelligence
Which of the following lends support to Gardner's multifaceted view of intelligence? A. Students demonstrate better comprehension when they learn in the same way as everyone else. B. Students demonstrating ability in one area tend to do well in other aspects of intelligence. C. The intelligence of students can be accurately measured as a single, general ability. D. Students who demonstrate ability in some areas do poorly on traditional intelligence tests.
D. Students who demonstrate ability in some areas do poorly on traditional intelligence tests.
According to Howard Gardner's theory of intelligence, which of the following refers to naturalistic intelligence? A. The ability to perceive and understand other people's emotions, motives, and behavior B. The ability to employ one's natural, innate intelligence in problem-solving C. The ability to utilize intelligence that controls our natural reflexes D. The ability to recognize and classify the living organisms in one's environment
D. The ability to recognize and classify the living organisms in one's environment
When one plots intelligence scores on a graph, one sees a very clear bell curve, with most people falling in the middle and a few people at the high and low ends of the curve. Which of the following is true for the bell curve? A. Exceptionally gifted people will make up the middle section of the bell curve. B. The middle section, which has the majority of people, indicates the highest intelligence. C. People with mental retardation are represented at both extremes of the curve. D. The curve indicates that relatively few people are exceptionally gifted.
D. The curve indicates that relatively few people are exceptionally gifted.
Most intelligence tests determine a person's overall intelligence score by his or her scores on specific subtests. On which of the following theories are such tests based? A. The multiple-factor theory B. The triarchic theory C. Gardner's theory D. The g-factor theory
D. The g-factor theory
Which of the following theories answers the question "How intelligent are you?"? A. The theory that considers the analytic, creative, and practical intelligence as distinct B. The theory that focuses on seven different primary mental abilities of a person C. The theory that considers multiple abilities to assess different aspects of intelligence D. The theory that considers intelligence as a single, general capacity
D. The theory that considers intelligence as a single, general capacity
What was an important aspect of intelligence that aided in solving a problem at hand that was not considered in intelligence tests before 1985? A. Abstract reasoning B. Linguistic ability C. kinesthetics D. Working memory
D. Working memory
_____ disorder is the fear of somatic symptoms but without any actual somatic symptoms.
Illness anxiety
Charles Spearman's theory of human intelligence viewed intelligence as __________. A. a collection of multiple unrelated capacities B. fixed by hereditary and unchangeable C. impossible to measure using standardized tests D. a single general factor made up of specific components
D. a single general factor made up of specific components
According to Sternberg's theory, the elements of successful intelligence are __________. A. emotional intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, and general intelligence B. emotional intelligence, creative intelligence, and interpersonal intelligence C. general intelligence, linguistic intelligence, and practical intelligence D. analytic intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence
D. analytic intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence
If Alan is diagnosed with avoidant personality disorder, which of the following best explains his condition?
He is afraid of being criticized and hence avoids interacting with others, making him socially isolated.
Emily is a menace to all those around her. She has rapid mood swings which are punctuated by uncontrollable bouts of aggression. She has cuts on her arms and legs owing to self-inflicted injuries. This has forced her parents to limit her interaction with others. They find it hard to control her themselves. According to the "4 Ds" of determining whether something is a mental disorder, what does this reveal about Emma's behavior?
Her behavior is dysfunctional.
_____ personality disorder is a dramatic-emotional personality disorder characterized by the desire to be the center of attention by exhibiting dramatic, seductive, flamboyant, and exaggerated behaviors.
Histrionic
Which of the following theorists theorized that intelligence consists of eight distinct capacities?
Howard Gardner
Daniela suffers from schizophrenia. Given this information, which of the following is a symptom she is NOT likely to exhibit?
Hypoxia
Which of the following is true of systematic desensitization?
In systematic desensitization, the therapist generates a hierarchy of increasing contact with the feared object, ranging from mild to extreme.
In the creative problem-solving process, which of the following refers to putting a problem aside for a while and working on something else for a time?
Incubation
Which of the following most affects the human potential for learning?
Intelligence
Which of the following best describes the two main views of intelligence?
Intelligence as a single general ability versus intelligence as a collection of multiple abilities
Which of the following best describes the theory of intelligence propounded by John Carroll?
Intelligence consists of three levels, arranged in a hierarchy.
What is the definition of successful intelligence, as propounded by Robert Sternberg?
Intelligence is an integrated set of information-processing and cognitive abilities needed for life success
Which of the following is most closely related to the concept of emotional intelligence?
Interpersonal intelligence
Which of the following is the most important function of the presence of others in group therapy?
It shows participants that they are not alone in their experience.
Which of the following reasons is true for why SSRIs take about four weeks to have a therapeutic effect?
It takes that long for new receptor sites to form to make use of the increased serotonin supply.
How did the K-ABC differ from the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler tests?
It was designed to measure several distinct aspects of intelligence.
Which of the following is an example of an adaptive behavior?
Learning to brush your teeth
In optogenetics, which of the following is used in combination with genetics to manipulate the activity of individual neurons?
Light stimulation
___________________ therapy appears to improve the basic life skills of schizophrenics.
Long-term group
Which of the following forms of treatment helps in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Loving-kindness meditation
Which of the following is a symptom of schizotypal personality disorder?
Perceptual distortions
Identify the major symptom of generalized anxiety disorder.
Pervasive tendency to worry
Scarlett is a cleanliness freak who is never satisfied with the amount of cleaning she does at home. She even washes her hands innumerable times during the course of the day. Which of the following statements is true, given that Scarlett is aware of the fact that she has obsessive-compulsive disorder?
She cannot stop herself from being compulsive.
Serena has turned nonresponsive and has an expressionless face. She stays locked in her room for days and hardly ever moves or speaks. She does not complete any tasks, and exhibits catatonic behavior. Given this scenario, which of the following statements is true of Serena's condition?
She exhibits negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
As per research on brain development, which of the following statements is true of living under a constant threat of abuse and stress?
The neural connectivity in the brain changes, making it less likely to develop many complex synaptic connections.
Which of the following best describes neuroplasticity?
The process of a change in the neurons as a result of input from the environment
Which of the following is a potentially exciting future therapy for psychological disorders?
The regulation of specific genes involved in various mental disorders
Peter takes an intelligence test that yields a different IQ score each time he takes it. Which of the following does this fact most indicate?
The test does not have test-retest reliability
Which of the following is true about the "dodo bird verdict"?
The verdict states that most forms of psychological therapies are effective and a few differences exist in their effectiveness.
Which of the following is true about atypical antipsychotics?
They are considered by many physicians to be the first line of treatment for schizophrenia.
Which of the following classes of drug treatment for depression includes imipramine and amitriptyline?
Tricyclic antidepressants
"Broad Intelligence," is defined by our learning and memory capacities.
True
As argued by Sternberg and Gardner, what is a drawback of Wechsler and Stanford-Binet tests?
They do not measure social, musical, and naturalistic forms of intelligence.
What did Takeuchi and colleagues find in their research that sought to measure creativity and neural connectivity?
They found a direct and positive relationship between the subjects' creativity scores and their neural connectivity in the frontal lobe
Based on his parents' IQs, Timmy's reaction range for IQ should be from 115 to 140. When he took an IQ test, his score indicated an IQ of 138. What does this most indicate?
Timmy is likely to have been raised in an enriched environment.
A "Token Economy" literally uses "tokens."
True
According to the dopamine hypothesis, people with schizophrenia have:
an excess of dopamine activity in certain areas of their brain.
When psychologists make treatment choices based on the empirical evidence of their efficacy, they are engaging in ___________________ therapies.
evidence-based
Anorexia nervosa is a disorder that is:
extremely rare in China.
According to Raymond Cattell's theory of intelligence, ___________ involves how fast you learn new things.
fluid intelligence
Raven's Progressive Test is a commonly used measure for ______.
fluid intelligence
In the context of drug therapies, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors treat depression by:
increasing the availability of serotonin in the brain.
Charles Spearman's theory of intelligence is known as __________.
the g-factor theory
Sternberg's theory is known as___
the triarchic theory of intelligence
Client-centered therapy holds that people have mental health problems because:
there is a gap between who they are and who they would ideally like to be.
Intelligence tests and college entrance examinations typically require individuals to engage in convergent thinking because ______.
these types of problems have known solutions
Malik does not get along with his female supervisor. His psychotherapist observes that Malik relates to his supervisor the way he does to his youngest sister, who died a couple of months ago. In the context of psychotherapy, Malik is experiencing _____.
transference
Dr. Hall is in a therapy session with his client Steve, who is a violent criminal. Although Dr. Hall does not approve of his actions, he still shows genuine acceptance and empathy for him, regardless of what he has done. In the context of client-centered therapy, Dr. Hall is expressing _____.
unconditional positive regard
What did researchers find when association tests were administered to either the right or left visual fields of participants?
when the problem was presented in the left visual field and processed in the right hemisphere, insight into the problems occurred frequently