PSYC& 100 Quiz 1-12
Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Adderall
Which of the following statements about the relationship between stress and performance is true?
As stress levels increase from low to moderate, performance also increases.
What is the main idea of operant conditioning?
Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.
Which of the following is an example of a secondary appraisal of a stressor?
Berkley believes she can end an argument with her wife by apologizing or buying her wife a gift. She decides apologizing is more effective.
How is homosexuality similar to bisexuality?
Both types of sexuality involve loving another person.
Who described the collective unconscious?
Carl Jung
Which theorist emphasized that personal growth is promoted by interactions with others who are genuine, accepting, and empathic?
Carl Rogers
Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?
Carl Rogers
Who developed client-centered therapy?
Carl Rogers
Which of the following is a reason that depression is associated with heart disease?
Depression may increase the likelihood of living an unhealthy lifestyle, which increases the risk of heart disease.
Who led the reform efforts for mental health care in the United States?
Dorothea Dix
What is the primary conclusion John B. Watson's made after working with Little Albert?
Emotions can be a conditioned response.
Of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 36.8% were likely to develop schizophrenia; of adoptees whose mothers did not have schizophrenia and who were raised in disturbed family environments, 5.3% were likely to develop schizophrenia. What is the most appropriate conclusion of these results?
Environmental factors and genetic factors interact to determine whether a person is likely to develop schizophrenia.
Which of the following is a good example of a flashback?
Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again.
Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?
Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.
Who was the first African American to receive a PhD in psychology in the United States?
Francis Cecil Sumner
Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas?
Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly.
Which of the following is false about John B. Watson?
He is considered the founder of behaviorism
Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true?
He is known for establishing the principles of classical conditioning
Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor?
Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.
Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?
Ingesting too much alcohol leads to vomiting.
________ (IRB) reviews research that is conducted using human participants.
Institutional Review Board
Which of the following is a criticism of evolutionary psychology?
It ignores non-genetic factors in determining human behavior
Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment.
It is unethical for a researcher to induce fear in a child, since it is harmful to induce fear.
Which of the following is an example of retrograde amnesia?
Jane Doe emerges from a coma with no idea who she is, and she is unable to provide any details about herself, where she came from, or what happened to her.
________, an anthropologist, contributed to our understanding of chimpanzee behavior in the wild, using naturalistic observation.
Jane Goodall
Which of the following is an example of wakefulness?
Jemma, competing in a marathon
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
John Watson
Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?
-0.5
When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?
1800s
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ________ of U.S. adults experienced mental illness in 2012.
19%
Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don't care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe—an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what represents the cognitive distortion?
Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe
According to Albert Bandura, ________.
Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.
Soon after birth, a nurse almost drops Osei. He spreads his arms, pulls them back in, and then cries. This is an example of ________.
Moro reflex
Which of the following is an example of self-efficacy?
Naomi believes she can successfully complete law school.
Is genetics destiny?
No. While genetics are important in behavior and personality, non-shared environmental factors are more influential.
What is the main idea of social learning theory?
One can learn new behaviors by observing others
Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Freud?
Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________.
People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.
__________ is a discredited pseudo-scientific theory of the brain that claimed that personality characteristics could be determined by examining bumps on a person's skull.
Phrenology
In developmental psychology, there is an increasing interest in researching cognitive changes that occur later in life. Why?
Populations of developed nations are living longer
Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.
REM
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "States of consciousness do not vary over the course of the day."
Remove the phrase "do not."
Children like to pour ink on one side of a piece of paper, fold the paper, and then figure out what the resulting shape looks like. This activity is most like which of the following personality measures?
Rorschach test
Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?
Sigmund Freud
Which of the following describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?
Simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, yet complex tasks are performed best when arousal levels are low.
What did a researcher identify by timing participants on how long they took to name colors when the semantic meaning of the word differed from the color it was presented in?
Stroop effect
Which of the following statements about the amygdala is correct?
The amygdala is involved in the process of transferring new learning into long-term memory.
Glucose, a small uncharged molecule, can pass through the cell membrane, but sodium ions do not pass through the membrane easily. What is the most accurate explanation for these findings?
The cell membrane is semi-permeable
Glucose, a small uncharged molecule, can pass through the cell membrane, but sodium ions do not pass through the membrane easily. What is the most accurate explanation for these findings?
The cell membrane is semi-permeable.
Which of the following is a negative effect of extended cortisol release caused by chronic or prolonged stress?
The immune system is weakened.
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency."
The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In operant conditioning, organisms learn to associate events that repeatedly happen together.
The word "operant" should be changed to the word "classical."
Which of the following is an example of a projective psychological test?
Thematic Apperception Test
One hundred introductory psychology students are surveyed about their intended majors. The results indicate that more women than men intend to pursue a psychology major, whereas more men than women intend to pursue a history major. What do these results indicate?
There is a relationship between gender and intended major
What do industrial and organizational psychology, health psychology, sport and exercise psychology, forensic psychology, and clinical psychology all have in common?
They are all examples of applied psychology
Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?
They could research peer-reviewed articles to see if either perspective is supported.
Magali and Jean-Gabriel have been asked to design a study investigating happiness across the lifespan. They decide their study will involve going to the mall and asking people of a variety of ages if they are happy or unhappy. What is the most serious flaw of this design?
They have not defined happiness or how it will be measured.
Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (and the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?
Thomas Szasz
Noomi seems to live by the "don't sweat the small stuff" concept. She is relaxed, laid-back, and never seems too concerned about meeting deadlines or finishing a to-do list. Noomi has a ________ personality.
Type B
How can we use conversion therapy to change someone's sexual orientation?
We cannot change someone's sexual orientation because it is a relatively stable characteristic of a person that cannot be changed.
Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. This is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. Which area of Rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?
Wernicke's area
In a study of mate preference differences between men and women that spanned 37 cultures, Buss (1989) found that men value youthful appearance more than women. Why?
Youthful looks provide fertility clues
Which concept refers to the persistent difference in grades, test scores, and graduation rates that exist among students of different ethnicities, races, and sexes?
achievement gap
In the initial period of learning, ________ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.
acquisition
Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify?
exhaustion
What type of memories do we consciously try to remember and recall?
explicit memories
Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.
extinction
The facial ________ hypothesis states that facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions.
feedback
Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?
fixed interval
Paolo is a writer and when he sits down in front of his computer he can write for hours, forgetting to eat and ignoring his phone because he is intensely engaged in writing. While he is writing, Paolo is experiencing ________.v
flow
Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________.
forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart
Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?
forensic
How many of the five stages of sleep are considered NREM sleep?
four
When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
generativity vs. stagnation
The myelin sheath consists of a(n) ________.
glial cell
Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy.
group
According to the American Psychological Association (APA), three factors work together to produce successful treatment. Which of the following is not one of the three factors?
having a psychologist or therapist of the same sex
Peer reviewers ________.
help ensure quality control in reporting scientific findings
Freud believed that the use of defense mechanisms ________________.
helpful as long as they are not overused
Regarding the development of personality, it is currently believed that _____________________.
heredity has some influence on personality, but environment also has a strong influence
Which part of my brain is probably damaged if I am unable to recognize basic objects around my house?
hippocampus
Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system?
homeostasis
What triggers the secondary appraisal of a stressor?
how a threat is perceived
Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was induced through ________.
hypnosis
Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?
hypothalamus
Which aspect of the scientific method occurs first?
hypothesis
If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.
increases
The ________ is controlled by the experimenter.
independent variable
Walter Mischel, in a discussion of trait theory, commented that ______________________.
individuals do not behave consistently across situations
The area of psychology called behavioral genetics is providing evidence that _________________________.
inheritance sets a range of behaviors for most aspects of personality
Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.
instincts
During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs.
intake
According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?
interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors
During the fight or flight response, which of the following endocrine glands is most likely to increase activity?
adrenal
Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this?
all-or-nothing thinking
If I am looking at a snake and processing the fear caused by the snake, what part of my brain am I using?
amygdala
Which type of chemical messenger do the male gonads secrete?
androgens
Mercy has maintained her body weight far below what is healthy through starvation and constant exercise. Mercy probably suffers from ________.
anorexia
Children whose parents have an authoritarian parenting style can be ________.
anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy
Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________.
appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless
Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.
associational
Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have?
asthma
________ is a long-standing connection or bond with others.
attachment
Which parenting style is most encouraged in modern America?
authoritative
Encoding information occurs through ________.
automatic processing and effortful processing
As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on the environment to get results. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?
autonomy vs. shame/doubt
In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the ________ include food, water, and shelter.
basic survival needs
Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
behavior therapy
Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing a social anxiety disorder?
behavioral inhibition
________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation.
beta-endorphin
The brain contains ________ of interconnected neurons and glia.
billions
Maslow's hierarchy of needs suggests that _____________________________.
biological needs must be satisfied before personal and social needs
The hierarchy of needs is the spectrum of needs ranging from basic ________ needs to ________ needs to self-actualization.
biological; social
Which of the following higher level processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex?
breathing
Anasophia binges on chocolates, then induces vomiting, and then swallows laxatives. Anasophia probably suffers from ________ nervosa.
bulimia
The belief that you ________ is an example of a delusion.
can perform miracles
Dr. Mattar is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain in-depth knowledge about their behaviors. These studies would best be described as ________.
case studies
In a(an) ________, developmental psychologists collect a great deal of information from one individual in order to better understand physical and psychological changes over the lifespan.
case study
Which part of the brain is most involved in creating implicit memories?
cerebellum
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Prader-Willi syndrome is a set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social problems.
change the name "Prader-Willi syndrome" to the name "Autism Spectrum Disorder"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A person diagnosed with a specific anxiety experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation."
change the word "anxiety" to the word "phobia"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a natural perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding."
change the word "natural" to the word "supernatural"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The psychological perspective views disorders as linked to biological phenomena, such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities."
change the word "psychological" to the word "biological"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? There are three types of encoding: semantic, visual, and sensory.
change the word "sensory" to the word "acoustic"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: physiological and social.
change the word "social" to the word "cognitive"
Which of the following is the best example of a habit?
chewing on your hair to relieve stress
Which group is play therapy often used to treat?
children
The sleep cycle is an example of a(n) ________ rhythm.
circadian
Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?
classical conditioning
A(n) ________ case study is conducted by gathering detailed information about participants who are psychological patients.
clinical
Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in?
clinical psychology
________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.
cognitive
Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.
cognitive map
A ________ scan involves taking a number of x-rays of a particular section of a person's body or brain.
computerized tomography (CT) scan
Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands."
concern over germs
Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.
confirmation bias
A(n) ________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship.
confounding variable
When studying personality traits, someone who is hardworking, dependable, and organized will score high on the ________ trait.
conscientiousness
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
coping
________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.
correlation
Naghemeh wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in?
counseling psychology
The continuous development approach views development as a ________.
cumulative process
Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jerry's personality?
dependent personality disorder
Harrison et al. are conducting a study assessing the ability of depressed versus non-depressed participants to remember negative emotions in a short story about a family whose car breaks down. They plan to ask participants to read the story and then make a list of the emotions expressed in the story. Before beginning the study, they make a list of negative emotions (e.g., sadness and anger) that they will record from the participants' responses. In this example, negative emotions are the ________.
dependent variable
Anti-anxiety agents work by ________.
depressing central nervous system activity
Crawling, walking, writing, dressing, naming colors, speaking in sentences, and starting puberty are all examples of ________.
developmental milestones
Specific normative events are also called ________.
developmental milestones
Theorists who view development as ________ believe that development takes place in unique stages.
discontinuous
What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away.
disorganized thinking
Body dysmorphia is a ________.
distorted body image
Benigno wakes up in the middle of the night. He dreamed that he left the oven on, and he is now convinced that the oven is on. He can't go back to sleep until he turns the oven off. Which category of memory failure associated with the seven sins of memory is exemplified?
distortion
People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued, exhausted, and their performance begins to decline.
distress
Thalia suffers from insomnia. She tries everything, and she finally develops the habit of counting backward when she wants to sleep but cannot. Thalia finds that she falls asleep much easier once she starts counting backward, so she continues to do so. ________ theory suggests that she continues this habit because it results in homeostasis.
drive
According to the dissociation view of hypnosis, hypnosis is ________.
effectively a dissociated state of consciousness
Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?
egocentrism
The culture display rule is one of the culturally specific standards that govern the types and frequencies of ________ that are acceptable.
emotion
Diabetes is a(n) ________ disorder because insulin is a ________.
endocrine; hormone
________ is the kind of stress associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance.
eustress
The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off.
evolution by natural selection
Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?
examination of anatomy and physiology
Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________.
learning
Dymesha watches her older sister do headstands. Dymesha falls over when she attempts to do a headstand herself. She watches her older sister more carefully, and she notices that her sister leans backward slightly to complete her headstand. Dymesha is then able to do headstands herself. Which type of learning is this?
observational
Peter is interested in pursuing a ________ training program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention after he receives his PhD, which will allow him to further develop his research on adolescent suicide and broaden his research skills under the supervision of CDC researchers.
postdoctoral
A recent study compared the vaccination histories of 256 children with autism spectrum disorder with that of 752 control children across three time periods during their first two years of life. Researchers found that ________.
the quantity of immunogens from vaccines received during the first two years of life were not at all related to the development of autism spectrum disorder
A ________ is a graphical view of the strength and direction of a correlation.
scatterplot
Veena's thoughts, perceptions, and behaviors are impaired to the point where she is unable to function normally in life. She experiences significant difficulties in many day-to-day activities, such as holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena living with?
schizophrenia
________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year.
seasonal pattern
Freud described developmental stages of personality as periods during which the individual ______________________.
seeks pleasure from different areas of the body
Abraham Maslow studied the lives of Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Mahatma Gandhi in order to understand the nature of ___________________.
self-actualization
Studying close relatives allows behavioral geneticists to determine ________.
the relative contributions of genes and environment in a population
Transgender hormone therapy is ________.
the use of hormones to make one's body look more like the opposite-sex
According to Baddeley and Hitch, ________.
short-term memory itself has different forms
While the American Heart Association (AHA) suggests that meditation might be used in conjunction with more traditional treatments as a way to manage hypertension, ________.
there is not adequate empirical support for its effectiveness
Researchers who studied people injured in the 9/11 attacks found that the injured later suffered from ________. These results demonstrate how stress is linked to the development and progression of a variety of physical illnesses and diseases.
significantly elevated rates of heart disease
Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.
social support
Sensory and motor neurons of the ________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary.
somatic
The use of ________ can result in decreased appetite, difficulty sleeping, stomachache, and headache.
stimulants
Kerry is conditioned to fear strawberries. Raspberries are similar to strawberries, and even though no attempt was made to make Kerry fear raspberries, she reacts with fear when she sees them. This is an example of ________.
stimulus generalization
For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this?
stimulus hierarchy
According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ________.
study the function of behavior
Carl Rogers called his therapeutic orientation client-centered therapy because he thought the term "patient" ________.
suggested the person seeking help was sick and looking for a cure
Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.
suggestibility
________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.
surveys
The acronym "OCEAN" refers to _________________.
the Big Five traits
Which of the following is an example of eustress?
training for a marathon
Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play causes a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children to either an active play, passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, ________ is the independent variable and ________ is the control group.
type of play; no play
Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?
variable ratio
A ________ is least likely to be involved in the IRB decision regarding whether a study will be permitted.
veterinarian
During the early childhood years, the number of words a child uses increases at a rapid pace. This is sometimes referred to as the ________.
vocabulary spurt
Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.
wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day.
How long does psychoanalysis typically take?
years
Which of the following is not one of the reasons for the new lifespan development category called emerging adulthood?
younger average age for marriage
Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?
involuntary
People may not intend to distort facts, but ________.
it can happen in the process of retrieving old memories and combining them with new memories
Mona lives in North Carolina. She takes an overnight flight to California to visit with family for a month; when she arrives she is fatigued, sluggish, and irritable. For the next week or so she has trouble sleeping. Mona is probably suffering from ________.
jet lag
Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)?
kicking and punching while asleep
Which of the following is an example of avolition?
lack of motivation to bathe yourself
Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?
Wilhelm Wundt
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first.
Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky
In order for a memory to go into storage (i.e., long-term memory), it has to pass through three distinct stages: sensory memory, short-term memory, and ________ memory.
long-term
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.
longitudinal
A theta wave is a type of ________.
low frequency, low amplitude brain wave
In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content.
lucid
Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming.
lucid
Antipsychotic drugs, such as Haldol, are used to treat all of the following except ________.
manic episodes
Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content.
manifest
What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?
memory
A person's ________ rate is the amount of energy she expends in a given period of time.
metabolic
Which of the following is a way police have changed their interrogation techniques to lower the risk of false memory syndrome? Police have ________.
modified the way witnesses are questioned
Which of the following is a developmental issue children face during the formal operational stage?
moral reasoning
Polygenic means that most traits are controlled by ________.
more than one gene
Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.
motivation
Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________.
narcolepsy
A developmental psychologist might use ________ to observe how children behave on a playground, at a daycare center, or in the child's own home.
naturalistic observation
Psychotropic medications are drugs that treat psychiatric symptoms by restoring ________ balance.
neurotransmitter
Research shows that receiving some sort of extrinsic reinforcement for engaging in behaviors that we enjoy leads to those behaviors ________.
no longer providing that same enjoyment
Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident?
no sensation in his legs and feet
Lydia is often described as having a positive outlook on life. She assumes the best of people and situations. Lydia exemplifies ________.
optimism
Identify the compulsion in the following example. Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size.
organizing the books
________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person.
paranoid
Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________.
parasomnias
If you believe that you can detect whether someone is gay or straight or whether someone is a Democrat or a Republican based on their facial characteristics, then you believe in the personality assessment approach known as ____________.
physiognomy
According to the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion, emotions consist of two factors: ________.
physiological and cognitive
Which therapeutic process involves the use of toys?
play therapy
Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.
posttraumatic stress disorder
Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress: He immediately uses the Internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using?
problem focused
________ development involves emotions, personality, and social relationships.
psychosocial
Schizophrenia is considered a ________ disorder.
psychotic
Drs. Goran and Lieberman are interested in assessing differences in pain threshold between men and women. They recruit male and female participants to a study that assesses tolerance for thermal pain. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.
quasi-experimental
________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall.
range of reaction
When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.
recognition
In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.
rehearsal
When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information.
retrograde; anterograde
Which of the following is not a part of the fight or flight response?
running away
________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.
rural areas
