psych 101 ch 3 ?s

the spinal cord allows us to:

-continue breathing -walk -move our muscles

monozygotic twins share _____ of their genes

100%

the ______ is the part of the neuron that keeps the cell alive

cell body

which of the following methods is the best to use to understand the response of an individual neuron to a stimulus?

a single-cell recording

what is referred to as an all-or-nothing event?

action potential

functional magnetic imaging (MRI) directly measures the:

activity of oxygenated hemoglobin in the blood in the brain and body

L-dopa is a drug given to individuals with Parkinson's disease. This drug helps with the symptoms f the disease because it is a(n) _____ for dopamine.

agonist

the myelinated sheath of an axon:

allows for faster transmission of signals to other neurons, organs, or muscles

dr. billings studies brain wave patterns that occur when people are dreaming. He attaches a device to the outside of peoples skulls to measure electrical activity in the brain. what type of device is he using?

an EEG

alice thinks she's having a stroke. which of the following would be the best method to use in diagnosing a stroke?

an MRI

neurons ______ connected physically and communicate with each other at the ______

are not; synapse

the _______ of the brain allow information to be connected to meaning, with neurons in these regions being more adaptable to change

association areas

compared with the _____, we have voluntary control over the ______.

autonomic nervous system; somatic nervous system

the 3 basic parts of a neuron include the:

cell body, axon, dendrites

________ direct(s) and produce(s) human behaviors, personality traits, and even psychological disorders

both genes and the environment

jayden damaged his motor cortex during a car accident, but over time, part of the frontal lobe cortex nearby began to coordinate some muscle movements. this is an example of:

brain plasticity

compared with vertebrates, invertebrates lack a hierarchical organization of their:

central nervous system

the ________ process and coordinates sensory inputs from the body in order to send signals from the brain and spinal cord back to the muscles and bones in the body

central nervous system

the ________ processes and coordinates sensory input from the body in order to send signals from the brain and spinal cord back to the muscles and bones in the body

central nervous system

split-brain studies revealed that:

certain tasks and behaviors seem to be localized to either the left or right hemisphere

______ consist of strands of DNA wound around each other

chromosomes

_______ refers to the fact that each hemisphere in the brain controls the functions of the opposite side of the body

contralateral control

functional neuroimaging techniques, such as PET and fMRI, allow researchers to _____ brain activity in certain areas with particular behaviors

correlate

the _____ receives information from other neurons and he ______ sends that information on to the next neuron

dendrite, axon

the synapse is located between the _____ and _____ of neighboring cells

dendrite, axon

Which of the following is the correct sequence for information travelling within a single neuron?

dendrites, cell body, axon

information is transmitted within the neuron as a(n) ______ signal, and information transmission between neurons is a(n) _______ signal

electrical, chemical

Which of the following is an all-or-nothing event?

flushing a toilet

which part of the ran is responsible for movement, abstract thinking, and planning?

frontal lobe

which area of the brain sets humans apart from other animals?

frontal lobes

what guides the development of the brain for both an individual and a species?

genes

which of the following points about heritability is FALSE?

heritability is not dependent on the environment

patients with amnesia who can't form new memories usually have damage to the:

hippocampus

Although neurons do not physically touch each other, the synapse is a small gap between neurons where:

information from the axon of one neuron is sent to the dendrite of another neuron

after damage to the spinal cord, the amount of function that is lost:

is based on the localization of the damage

an electroencephalogram is a beneficial tool for:

linking brain structures and regions to particular behavior responses

damage to this area of the brain can be deadly as the structure controls heart rate, respiration, and circulation

medulla

Vjay has problems orienting to sounds. For example, he cannot tell whether the music is coming from the television or the stereo when he is at home. What area of the central nervous system is likely malfunctioning and causing the problem?

midbrain

________ are activated when watching another animal's behavior and are involved in social behavior

mirror neurons

the ______ is made up of _____, and helps to insulate the axon

myelin sheath; glial cells

______ are the billions of cells in your brain that process information, resulting in cognitive processes and behavior

neurons

chemicals that pass information across the tiny gap between neurons are called:

neurotransmitters

the benefit of using functional neuroimaging techniques is that they allow researchers to:

observe dynamic activity of the brain as it happens during specific tasks

this area serves as a bridge from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

pons

In order for a neurotransmitter to affect surrounding neurons the molecular structure of the neurotransmitter must fit into the ________ like a key fits into a lock

receptor

______ refers to the time following an action potential during which a new action potential cant be initiated

refractory period

during the _____, the ions of the neuron are imbalances and it ______ immediately send another signal

refractory period, cannot

the typical state of a neuron is the ______, but when electrical signals stimulate it to its threshold, the _____ is immediately observed

resting potential, action potential

The typical sequence of events for neuronal activity is:

resting potential, action potential, refractory period

in order to process information from the external world, _____ receive input from the body and transfer the information to the brain through the spinal cord

sensory neurons

the 3 major types of neurons include:

sensory, motor, and interneurons

Suzanne has been having difficulty falling asleep and waking up in the morning. She has also noticed that her appetite has changed and that she has become more aggressive. what neurotransmitter is most likely involved in Suzanne's symptoms?

serotonin

results from neuroimaging methods have largely ______ the results from observational studies performed with brain-damaged patients

supported

if we were to compare the autonomic nervous system with a car we would say that the _____ nervous system functions like a car's accelerator and the ______ nervous system functions like a car's brake

sympathetic, parasympathetic

damage to this area of your brain could leave you unable to navigate your way through a room

tectum

which of the following make up the major components of the peripheral nervous system?

the autonomic and somatic nervous systems

The central nervous system is composed of

the brain and spinal cord

when the face or arm of an amputee is stimulated, what happens?

the individual reports feeling in a phantom limb

information that is received on the left side of the body is processes in ______ of the brain

the right hemisphere

spinal reflexes require input from:

the spinal cord

Olu is hiking in the woods when he comes across a bear. what part of the nervous system is coordinating his body as he decides whether he should run away from the bear or stay still?

the sympathetic nervous system

why is it informative to study people with damage to certain regions of the brain?

these patients often demonstrate problems performing specific behaviors, and we can correlate this behavior with the specific region that has been damaged

a split-brain patient is shown a picture of a dog on the left side of a computer screen and a picture of a tree on the right side of a computer screen. When asked to say what object he saw, he will report a _____. when asked to use his right hand to draw the object he saw, he will draw a picture of a ______.

tree, tree

the occipital lobe is to _____ as the parietal lobe is to _______.

vision, touch