Psych 101 WVY Exam 4 Module 20

The ________ heuristic is one in which the frequency or likelihood of an event is evaluated based on how easily examples come to mind. a. availability b. representativeness c. means-end d. mental set

Availability

Back in 2001, TV viewers who watched a lot of news coverage of the 9/11 terrorist attacks were more likely to believe that they themselves were at risk of terrorism. Which principle best explains this fact?

Availability heuristic

People naturally use mental "shortcuts" to simplify their social world. These shortcuts are known as: a. impact bias b. heuristics c. attitudes d. priming

Heuristics

You may recall from the Emotional Intelligence module that one of the key abilities of EI is managing emotions. Apparently, people who are high in this ability are less affected by which concept?

Hot cognition

Sasha is taking her family to Disney World. She predicts that she will feel immense happiness seeing her young daughter, Emerald, meet all the princesses at the theme park. However, when her daughter Emerald meets the first princess, Sasha does not feel as happy as she thought she would. Sasha's experience is an example of what concept? a. durability bias b. availability heuristic c. representativeness heuristic d. impact bias

Impact bias

People are usually motivated in some way when making social judgments and decisions. What often occurs as a result of having directional goals? a. People may ignore base-rates when judging representativeness. b. People may overestimate the intensity of future feelings. c. People may be skeptical about evidence that goes against their directional goal. d. People may wait to make a decision on where to eat if they have a need for closure.

People may be skeptical about evidence that goes against their directional goal.

Kari visited the doctor recently who told her she needed to start eating better or she is at risk for a heart attack within the next few years. Kari is very motivated to view herself in a positive light and doesn't like the news the doctor gave her. She wonders if the doctor's tests could have been inaccurate. Kari's uncertainty over her health results from the doctor is an example of what? a. planning fallacy b. affective forecasting c. motivated skepticism d. mood-congruent memory

Motivated skepticism

Ted took an Implicit Association Test about school. The results indicated that he can more quickly respond to concepts related to school when they are paired with unpleasant words than with pleasant words. Ted typically tells people (and believes himself) that he likes school. Which of the following is most likely to be true?

Ted engages in some behaviors (for example, coming late to class, not doing homework) that suggest that he does not like school as much as he says he does.

A(n) __________ is a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a target with a degree of favor or disfavor. a. attitude b. attribution c. assessment d. opinion

Attitude

Which heuristic would you likely use if you were asked, "are there more words in the English language that start with the letter "k" or that have "k" as the third letter in the word?" a. systematic heuristic b. availability heuristic c. representativeness heuristic d. fluency heuristic

Availability heuristic

When being considered for a job opening, people being interviewed often mirror the interviewer's behavior. This can be explained by what concept? a. emotional nervousness b. need for closure c. planning fallacy d. chameleon effect

Chameleon

The area of social psychological that focuses on how people think about others and about the social world is called social __________. a. influence b. affect c. cognition d. facilitation

Cognition

Your best friend failed an important test on Monday. On Tuesday he wore the baseball jersey from his favorite team (the team is currently in 1st place). Which concept best explains this phenomenon?

Collective self-esteem

Geraldine has been frustrated by her new group in her history class. Rather than exploring new and creative ways to complete their assigned project, two members who happen to be in the same psychology class together, insist on talking about their plan to use concepts from social psychology to explain their history topic. Geraldine's frustration appears to result from which concept?

Common knowledge effect

"Oh I know that I'll just be sad forever," Monique cries, after her first boyfriend broke up with her. "I'm never going to love again. My life is RUINED!" Given that she is unlikely to be sad forever, Monique is demonstrating the __________ bias. a. durability b. affective forecasting c. impact d. halo

Durability

Calvin is interested in measuring his school's willingness to do volunteer work around the community. He sends out a self-report survey that asks students to directly fill out their _________ attitudes on the topic. a. explicit b. implicit c. ambiguous d. automatic

Explicit

Randy has joined a new social club on campus. Is it likely that Randy will: a. carefully form the impressions he makes of these club members only after repeated meetings b. form the impressions he makes of these club members after only one meeting c. not form impressions of these club members on physical characteristics d. form the most positive impressions of those with whom he interacted least

Form the impressions he makes of these club members after only one meeting

The Implicit Association Task (IAT) used in research, which records participants' reaction times to categorizing objects, is measuring what type of attitude? a. implicit attitude b. explicit attitude c. ambiguous attitude d. controlled attitude

Implicit attitude

Mood-congruent memory is occurring in which of the following scenarios? a. Jasmine is feeling anxious but is having a difficult time recalling how nervous she was to give a public speech. b. John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment. c. The sunny day is making Jaden happy, helping him to recall what he ate for breakfast this morning when he was in a hurry. d. Yesterday Janis was remembering all the hardships she's been through in her life but today she felt happy after getting engaged.

John is currently sad and can more easily recall a time when he got in trouble for a late assignment.

What is a potential positive outcome of the planning fallacy? a. People might attempt projects that otherwise might have been avoided had the amount of effort or time needed been understood. b. It causes people to finish projects ahead of deadlines, which can make for happy customers and/or allow other projects to be initiated. c. It reduces the need for anticipatory planning and leads to more creative problem-solving approaches. d. It can help people to break free of the need to use various heuristics for problem-solving situations.

People might attempt projects that otherwise might have been avoided had the amount of effort or time needed been understood.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about affective forecasting? a. People tend to be accurate with predicting whether event will result in positive or negative feelings but inaccurate regarding the strength or duration of these emotions. b. People tend to be accurate with predicting whether event will result in positive or negative feelings and how strong those emotions will be, but inaccurate regarding the duration of these emotions. c. People tend to be accurate with predicting whether event will result in positive or negative feelings and how long those emotions will last, but inaccurate regarding the strength of these emotions. d. People tend to be inaccurate with predicting whether event will result in positive or negative feelings, and will also be inaccurate regarding the strength or duration of these emotions.

People tend to be accurate with predicting whether event will result in positive or negative feelings but inaccurate regarding the strength or duration of these emotions.

Your psychology professor continually underestimates how long activities are going to take the class to complete. He should probably know better, though, as this is an example of which concept?

Planning fallacy

The ________ heuristic is one in which the likelihood of an object belonging to a category is evaluated based on the extent to which the object appears similar to one's mental conceptualization of the category. a. availability b. representativeness c. similarity d. compare and contrast

Representativeness

Your economics professor wears a suit every day. He is very religious and often complains about government intruding into the affairs of business. You assume that he is a Republican. Which principle are you using to draw this conclusion?

Representativeness heuristic

Elvis made his high school varsity basketball team. At Elvis's high school, athletes are often considered "dumb jocks." Soon after the team started practicing, Elvis's grades started going down. This situations is most consistent with which concept?

Social identity theory

Bernard likes working in groups in school because he knows he will not have to work as hard. Apparently, Bernard is prone to which concept?

Social loafing

A faculty senate at a nearby college began a meeting discussing the performance of the college president. At the beginning of the meeting, the group as a whole felt mildly negative about the president, with about 2/3 of the members against him, and 1/3 for him. Based on your knowledge of group functioning, which outcome below seems most likely?

The senate's opinion about the president will be even more negative as a whole than it was originally.

You are giving a speech in class tomorrow. You were very nervous about speaking in front of a group, so you made sure that you were very well prepared. What does research suggest will happen?

The social facilitation effect will cause you to perform your dominant response, and you will successfully deliver the well-practiced speech.

How is it that schemas help people save time as they have new experiences or encounter new people or objects on a daily basis? a. Schemas allow us to immediately determine whether a new event is or is not significant in our lives. b. The use of schemas allow us to bypass memory processes as we have new experiences each day. c. Schemas are the same as our episodic memories, so they are only useful when we're having a repeated experience. d. We compare new experiences to previously stored schemas and this allows us to put forth less effort to assess those new encounters.

We compare new experiences to previously stored schemas and this allows us to put forth less effort to assess those new encounters.