Psych 1010 midterm study guide
What percieves different functions of language, different sounds and meanings of words, may easily learn multiple languages? Ex: Journalist, novelist, poet and teacher. A.)Bodily kinesthetic intelligence B.) Musical intelligence C.)linguistic intelligence D.)spatial intelligence
C
What holds about seven bits of information before it is forgotten or stored, as well as information that has been retrieved and is being used( also called working memory)? A.)Sensory memory B.)short term memory C.)long term memory
B
What involves giving a test to a large population so data can be collected comparing groups, such as age groups? A. standarized B. normed
B
What is a faulty heuristic in which you fixate on a single aspect of a problem to find a solution? A.)Availability bias B.)Anchoring bias C.)Hindsight D.)Confirmation bias
B
What is a learning disability that causes extreme difficulty in writing legibly? A.)Dyslexia B.)Dysgraphia
B
What is a memory error in which you cannot access stored? A.) Misattribution B.) blocking C.) Absent mindedness D.) transcience
B
What is a mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts? A.)Event Schemas B.)Schemas C.)Role schemas
B
What is a mental shortcut that saves time when solving a problem? A.) mental set B.)Heuristics C.)Trial and error D.)Algorithms
B
What is a set number of responses that must occur before a behavior is rewarded? A.)Fixed interval B.)Fixed ratio C.)Variable interval D.)Variable ratio
B
What is a stimulus that does not initially elicit a response? A.)unconditioned stimulus B.)neutral stimulus C.)conditioned stimulus
B
What is a type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language based on knowledge and facts? A.)Episodic B.)Semantic C.)Procedural D.)Emotional conditioning
B
What is adding a desirable stimulus to increase a behavior? A.) Token economy B.)positive reinforcer C.)primary reinforcer D.)Secondary reinforcer
B
What is aligned with academic problem solving and computations? A.)Crystallized intelligence B.)Analytical intelligence C.)Practical intelligence D.)Creative intelligence
B
What is an decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus? A.)Acquisition B.)Extinction C.)Spontaneous recovery D.)taste aversion
B
What is capable of seeing numerical patterns, strong ability to use reason and logic?Ex: Scientists and mathematicans A.) Spatial intelligence B.) logical mathematical intelligence C.) musical intelligence D.)Intrapersonal intelligence
B
What is effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories? A.)false memories B.)suggestibility
B
What is encoding of information that takes effort and attention? A.)Chunking B.)Effortful processing C.)self reference effect D.)automatic processing
B
What is family, friendship and intimacy? A.)esteem B.)love/belonging C.)self actualization D.)Transcendence
B
What is food, water, shelter and warmth? A.)esteem B.)physiological C.)self actualization D.)safety
B
What is learning in which the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired or associated with the behavior? A.)Shaping B.)classical conditioning C.)associative learning D.)token economy
B
What is learning information that was previously learned? A.) recognition B.)relearning C.)recall
B
What is loss of memory for events that occur after the brain trauma? A.) retrograde amnesia B.) anterograde amnesia
B
What is motivation that arises from external factors or rewards like badges, competition, fear of failure, fear of punishment, gold stars, money, points and rewards? A.)Intrinsic B.)Extrinsic
B
What is rewarding a behavior every time it occurs? A.)partial reinforcement B.)continuous reinforcement C.)vicarious reinforcement D.)vicarious punishment
B
What is the creation of a permanent record of information? A.) encoding B.) storage C.) retrieve
B
What is the different discernable sounds of a language? A.)Morphemes B.)Phonemes C.)Grammar D.)Lexicon
B
What is the input of sounds, words and music? A.)Visual encoding B.)Acoustic encoding C.) Semantic encoding
B
What is the process of bringing up old memories that might be distorted by new information? A.)Constructive memories B.)reconstructive memories
B
What is the theory suggests that humans learn social conduct through observational learning, where individuals learn social norms through watching a model and replicating their behavior? A.)Observational learning B.)Social learning theory C.)Latent learning
B
What is when emotions consist of two factors: physiological and cognitive? "I label my trembling as fear because I appraise the situation as dangerous" A)Yerkes Dodson law B)Schacter singer two factory theory C)James Lange Theory of Emotion
B
What is when there is an interaction between the new material and transfer effects of past earned behavior? A.) Forgetting B.) Interference C.) Decay D.) Misinformation effect
B
What refers to the way words are organized into sentences? A.)Semantics B.)Syntax C.) Morphemes D.) Phonemes
B
When you are examining data to look for trends, which type of intelligence are you using most? a. practical b. analytical c. emotional d. creative
B
When you are learning how to play the piano, the statement "Every good boy does fine" can help you remember the notes E, G, B, D, and F for the lines of the treble clef. This is an example of a (an) ________. a. jingle b. acronym c. acrostic d. acoustic
B
Which of the following is an example of an artificial concept? a. mammals b. a triangle's area c. gemstones d. teachers
B
Which of the following is not an example of a primary reinforcer? a. food b. money c. water d. sex
B
Who provided scientific evidence that: -Women are capable of multiple orgasms -The average size of a man's erect penis is 6 inches? A.)Abraham Maslow B.)Masters and Johnson C.)William James D.)Alfred Kinsey
B
________ is (are) the basic sound units of a spoken language. a. Syntax b. Phonemes c. Morphemes d. Grammar
B
________ is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner. a. stereotypical bias b. egocentric bias c. hindsight bias d. enhancement bias
B
What is a stimulus that elicits a response due to its being paired with an unconditioned stimulus? A.)unconditioned stimulus B.)neutral stimulus C.)conditioned stimulus
C
What is a type of long term memory for making skills, actions, such as how to brush your teeth, how to drive a car and how to swim? A.)Episodic B.)Semantic C.)Procedural D.)Emotional conditioning
C
What is continually using an old solution to a problem without results? A.)Algorithms B.)Heuristics C.)mental set D.)Functional fixedness
C
What is continuous storage of information? A.)Sensory memory B.)short term memory C.)long term memory
C
What is form of learning that involves connecting certain stimuli or events that occur together in the environment (classical and operant conditioning)? A.)Shaping B.)classical conditioning C.)associative learning D.)token economy
C
What is how feelings and view of the world distort memory of past events? A.)Misattribution B.)suggestibility C.)bias D.)persistence
C
What is information learned more recently hinders the recall of older information? A.)Misinformation effect B.) Decay C.) retroactive interference D.) proactive interference
C
What is inner fulfillment? A.)safety B.)love/belonging C.)self actualization D.)Transcendence
C
What is learning that occurs, but it may not be evident until there is a reason to demonstrate it? A.)Observational learning B.)Social learning theory C.)Latent learning
C
What is recieving external motivators can diminish our intrinsic motivation to do something? A.)cognitive dissonance B.)punishment C.)overjustification effect D.)motivation
C
What is street smarts? A.)Crystallized intelligence B.)Analytical intelligence C.)Practical intelligence D.)Creative intelligence
C
What is the ability to think "outside the box" to arrive at novel solutions to a problem? A.)convergent thinking B.)Analytical intelligence C.)Divergent thinking D.)Fluid intelligence
C
What is the ability to understand emotions and motivations in yourself and others? A.)convergent thinking B.)Analytical intelligence C.)Emotional intelligence D.)Fluid intelligence
C
What is the act of getting information out of long term memory storage and back into conscious awareness? A.) encoding B.) storage C.) retrieve
C
What is the input of words and their meaning? A.)Visual encoding B.)Acoustic encoding C.) Semantic encoding
C
What is the loss of information from long term memory? A.)Constructive memories B.)reconstructive memories C.) Forgetting
C
What is the memory fades due to the mere passage of time? A.) Forgetting B.) Interference C.) Decay D.) Misinformation effect
C
What is the tendency for an individual to have better memory for information that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance? A.)Chunking B.)Effortful processing C.)self reference effect D.)automatic processing
C
What is your attention center? A.) cerebellum B.) Hippocampus C.) prefrontal cortex D.)Amygdala
C
What lapses in memory that are caused by breaks in attention or our focus being somewhere else? A.) Misattribution B.) blocking C.) Absent mindedness D.) transcience
C
What only experiences emotion after physiological response? "I feel afraid because I tremble" A)Yerkes Dodson law B)Schacter singer two factory theory C)James Lange Theory of Emotion
C
What are the three components of the theories of emotion?
-Physiological arousal -Psychological appraisal - Subjective experiences
What are the components of Maslow's Hierachy of needs?
-Transcendence - Self Actualization -Esteem - Love/belonging - Safety - Physiological
What are the types of problem solving strategies?
-Trial and Error -Algorithms -Heuristics
What are types of emotional intelligence?
-Willpower -controlling anger -dealing with confusion
What are the three types of heuristics?
-Working backwards - break things down - brainstorm ideas
What are sternberg's three intelligences?
-practical -creative -analytical
What are the three characteristics of retrieval?
-recall -recognition -relearning
What is a faulty heuristic in which you make a decision based on information readily available to you? A.)Availability bias B.)Anchoring bias C.)Representative bias D.)Confirmation bias
A
What is a memory error in which you confuse the source of your information? A.) Misattribution B.) blocking C.) Absent mindedness D.) transcience
A
What is a period of initial learning in classical conditioning in which a human or an animal begins to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus? A.)Acquisition B.)Extinction C.)Spontaneous recovery D.)taste aversion
A
What is a recall of false autobiographical memories? A.)false memories B.)suggestibility
A
What is a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response? A.)unconditioned stimulus B.)neutral stimulus C.)conditioned stimulus
A
What is a system of contingency management based on the systematic reinforcement of target behavior? A.) Token economy B.)positive reinforcer C.)primary reinforcer D.)Secondary reinforcer
A
What is a type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced? A.)Episodic B.)Semantic C.)Procedural D.)Emotional conditioning
A
What is a type of learning that occurs by watching others? A.)Observational learning B.)Social learning theory C.)Latent learning
A
What is an motivation based on internal feelings rather than external rewards like autonomy, belonging, curiosity, love, learning, mastery and meaning? A.)Intrinsic B.)Extrinsic
A
What is behavior that is rewarded after a set amount of time? A.)Fixed interval B.)Fixed ratio C.)Variable interval D.)Variable ratio
A
What is boring and complex jobs tend to be high paying jobs? A.)cognitive dissonance B.)punishment C.)overjustification effect D.)motivation
A
What is characterized by acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it? A.)Crystallized intelligence B.)Analytical intelligence C.)Practical intelligence D.)Creative intelligence
A
What is demonstrating a behavior in person? A.)Live model B.)verbal model C.) Symbolic model
A
What is formulation of new memories? A.)Constructive memories B.)reconstructive memories
A
What is input of information into the memory system? A.) encoding B.) storage C.) retrieve
A
What is loss of memory for events that occured prior to brain trauma? A.) retrograde amnesia B.) anterograde amnesia
A
What is means that the manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent? A. standarized B. normed
A
What is organizing information into manageable bits? A.)Chunking B.)Effortful processing C.)self reference effect D.)automatic processing
A
What is rewarding behavior only some of the time? A.)partial reinforcement B.)continuous reinforcement C.)vicarious reinforcement D.)vicarious punishment
A
What is self worth,accomplishment, and confidence? A.)esteem B.)love/belonging C.)self actualization D.)Transcendence
A
What is simple tasks are performed best when arousal levels are relatively high, while complex tasks are best performed when arousal is lower? A)Yerkes Dodson law B)Schacter singer two factory theory C)James Lange Theory of Emotion
A
What is storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds and tastes? A.)Sensory memory B.)short term memory C.)long term memory
A
What is taking away an undesirable stimulus to decrease or stop a behavior? A.) Negative reinforcer B.)positive reinforcer C.)primary reinforcer D.)Secondary reinforcer
A
What is the ability to percieve the relationship between objects and how they move in space Ex: Choreographer, sculptor, architect, aviator and sailor A.) Spatial intelligence B.) logical mathematical intelligence C.) bodily kinesthetic intelligence D.)Intrapersonal intelligence
A
What is the ability to understand and be sensitive to the various emotional states of others? Ex: counselor, social worker and salesperson. A.) interpersonal intelligence B.) logical mathematical intelligence C.) bodily kinesthetic intelligence D.)Intrapersonal intelligence
A
What is the input of images Ex: Clothing? A.)Visual encoding B.)Acoustic encoding C.) Semantic encoding
A
What is the smallest units of a language? A.)Morphemes B.)Phonemes C.)Grammar D.)Lexicon
A
What is your voluntary action? A.) cerebellum B.) Hippocampus C.) prefrontal cortex D.)Amygdala
A
What provides correct or established answers to problems? A.)convergent thinking B.)Analytical intelligence C.)Divergent thinking D.)Fluid intelligence
A
What refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words? A.)Semantics B.)Syntax C.)Morphemes D.)Phonemes
A
Which is the correct order of steps in the modeling process? a. attention, retention, reproduction, motivation b. motivation, attention, reproduction, retention c. attention, motivation, retention, reproduction d. motivation, attention, retention, reproduction
A
Which of the following findings was not a result of the Kinsey study? a. Sexual desire and sexual ability can be separate functions. b. Females enjoy sex as much as males. c. Homosexual behavior is fairly common. d. Masturbation has no adverse consequences.
A
Which of the following is not one of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences? a. creative b. spatial c.linquistic d.musical
A
Which type of bias involves becoming fixated on a single trait of a problem? a. anchoring bias b. confirmation bias c. representative bias d. availability bias
A
Who created the 7 types of intelligence? A.)Howard Gardner B.) Robert Sternberg C.) Raymond Cattell
A
Who developed the IQ test most widely used today? a. Sir Francis Galton b. Alfred Binet c. Louis Terman d. David Wechsler
A
What understands and appreciates rhythm, pitch, and tone: may play multiple instruments or perform as a vocalist? Ex: Composer, performer A.) Spatial intelligence B.) logical mathematical intelligence C.) musical intelligence D.)Intrapersonal intelligence
C
Where does high intelligence come from? a. genetics b. environment c. both A and B d. neither A nor B
C
Which of the following is an example of a prototype for the concept of leadership on an athletic team? a. the equipment manager b. the scorekeeper c. the team captain d. the quietest member of the team
C
Which of the following is an example of a reflex that occurs at some point in the development of a human being? A.)child riding a bike B.)teen socializing C.)infant sucking on a nipple D.)toddler walking
C
Which of the following is not one of the seven universal emotions described in this chapter? a. contempt b. disgust c. melancholy d. anger
C
Which of the following theories of emotion would suggest that polygraphs should be quite accurate at differentiating one emotion from another? a. Cannon-Bard theory b. James-Lange theory c. Schachter-Singer two-factor theory d. Darwinian theory
C
Which theorist put forth the triarchic theory of intelligence? a. Goleman b. Gardner c. Sternberg d. Steitz
C
Which type of bias involves relying on a false stereotype to make a decision? a. anchoring bias b. confirmation bias c. representative bias d. availability bias
C
Who claimed that behavior is motivated by instincts? A.)Abraham Maslow B.)Masters and Johnson C.)William James D.)Alfred Kinsey
C
Who created Crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence? A.)Howard Gardner B.) Robert Sternberg C.) Raymond Cattell
C
Who proposed observational learning? a. Ivan Pavlov b. John Watson c. Albert Bandura d. B. F. Skinner
C
________ are the smallest unit of language that carry meaning. a. Lexicon b. Phonemes c. Morphemes d. Syntax
C
________ is a chemical messenger secreted by fat cells that acts as an appetite suppressant. a. orexin b. angiotensin c. leptin d. ghrelin
C
________ is another name for short-term memory. a. sensory memory b. episodic memory c. working memory d. implicit memory
C
________ proposed the hierarchy of needs. a. William James b. David McClelland c. Abraham Maslow d. Albert Bandura
C
What is encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency and the meaning of words? A.)Chunking B.)Effortful processing C.)self reference effect D.)automatic processing
D
What is rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior? A.) Token economy B.)positive reinforcer C.)primary reinforcer D.)shaping
D
What is security? A.)esteem B.)love/belonging C.)self actualization D.)safety
D
What is the ability to access personal feelings and motivations, and use them to direct behavior and reach personal goals? A.) interpersonal intelligence B.) logical mathematical intelligence C.) bodily kinesthetic intelligence D.)Intrapersonal intelligence
D
What is the ability to produce new products, ideas, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem? A.)Crystallized intelligence B.)Analytical intelligence C.)Practical intelligence D.)Creative intelligence
D
What is the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems? A.)Crystallized intelligence B.)Analytical intelligence C.)Practical intelligence D.)Fluid intelligence
D
What is the failure of the memory system that involves the involuntary recall of unwanted memories, particularly unpleasant ones? A.)Misattribution B.)suggestibility C.)bias D.)persistence
D
What is the inability to see an object as useful for any other use other than the one for which it was intended? A.)Algorithms B.)Heuristics C.)mental set D.)Functional fixedness
D
What is the memory system that links perceptual information to an emotional response? A.)Episodic B.)Semantic C.)Procedural D.)Emotional conditioning
D
What is the words of a given language? A.)Morphemes B.)Phonemes C.)Grammar D.)Lexicon
D
What is when old information hinders the recall of newly learned information? A.)Misinformation effect B.) Decay C.) retroactive interference D.) proactive interference
D
What is when people have met all of their self actualization,esteem, belonging, safety, and physiological needs they sometimes transcend those needs for a higher purpose? A.)safety B.)love/belonging C.)esteem D.)Transcendence
D
What ties emotions to memories? A.) cerebellum B.) Hippocampus C.) prefrontal cortex D.)Amygdala
D
Who published Sexual Behavior of Human Males and Sexual Behavior of Human Females? A.)Abraham Maslow B.)James Lange C.)William James D.)Alfred Kinsey
D
Who was considered the father of behaviorism? A.)Abraham Maslow B.)James Lange C.)William James D.)James Watson
D
Who was the first scientist to initiate large scale research on the subject of sex? A.)Abraham Maslow B.)James Lange C.)William James D.)Alfred Kinsey
D
________ is an individual's belief in her capability to complete some task. a. physiological needs b. self-esteem c. self-actualization d. self-efficacy
D
________ is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by attempts to compensate for the excessive amount of food that was consumed. a. Prader-Willi syndrome b. morbid obesity c. anorexia nervosa d. bulimia nervosa
D
________ is when you take away a pleasant stimulus to stop a behavior. a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. positive punishment d. negative punishment
D
________ provides general principles for organizing words into meaningful sentences. a. Linguistic determinism b. Lexicon c. Semantics d. Syntax
D
what is after exposure to incorrect information, a person may misremember the original event? A.) Forgetting B.) Interference C.) Decay D.) Misinformation effect
D
What is the Medial Preoptic area of the hippocampus responsible for?
our ability to engage in sexual behavior -still pursues sex when damaged
What is the Amygdala and the nucleus accumbens are responsible for what?
our desire and pursuit of sexual activity -still can engage in sex when damaged
What are the three components informed by?
- Experiences -background -cultures
What are the five components of creativity?
- Expertise -Imaginative thinking(image thinking) - venture some personality - Intrinsic movement - creative environment
What are Howard Gardner's 7 types of intelligence?
- Linguistic -Logical-mathematical -musical -Bodily kinesthetic - Spatial - Interpersonal -Intrapersonal
What are biases in problem solving?
-Confirmaton -Anchoring - Representative - Availability - Hindsight
What is the componets of nature of memory?
-New memories are constructive -Past memories are reconstructive - sometimes reconstruction leads to construction
A specific formula for solving a problem is called ________. a. an algorithm b. a heuristic c. a mental set d. trial and error
A
According to the ________ theory of emotion, emotional experiences arise from physiological arousal. a. James-Lange b. Cannon-Bard c. Schachter-Singer two-factor d. Darwinian
A
Arthur Jensen believed that ________. a. genetics was solely responsible for intelligence b. environment was solely responsible for intelligence c. intelligence level was determined by race d. IQ tests do not take socioeconomic status into account
A
At what stage and months does reflexive communication in children happen in development? A.) Stage 1 and 0-3 Months B.) Stage 2 and 3-8 Months C.) Stage 3 and 8-13 Months D.) Stage 4 and 12-18 Months
A
At what stage and years do babies start to talk in simple sentences of two words? A.)Stage 5 and 18-24 months B.) Stage 6 and 2-3 years C.)Stage 7 and 3-5 years
A
Carl mows the yard of his elderly neighbor each week for $20. What type of motivation is this? a. extrinsic b. intrinsic c. drive d. biological
A
Memory aids that help organize information for encoding are ________. a. mnemonic devices b. memory-enhancing strategies c. elaborative rehearsal d. effortful processing
A
Punishment is not a motivator and may frighten someone away A.)True B.)False
A
Rewarding successive approximations toward a target behavior is ________. a. shaping b. extinction c. positive reinforcement d. negative reinforcement
A
The facial muscles involved in the expression of emotions are universal A.)True B.)False
A
The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________. A.) construction; reconstruction B.) reconstruction; construction C.) production; reproduction D.) reproduction; production
A
The self-referencing effect refers to ________. a. making the material you are trying to memorize personally meaningful to you b. making a phrase of all the first letters of the words you are trying to memorize c. making a word formed by the first letter of each of the words you are trying to memorize d. saying words you want to remember out loud to yourself
A
This physical trace of memory is known as the ________. a. engram b. Lashley effect c. Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm d. flashbulb memory effect
A
Two forms of associative learning are_ and _? A.)classical conditioning; operational conditioning B.)classical conditioning; Pavlovian conditioning C.)operant conditioning; observational learning D.)operant conditioning; learning conditioning
A
What are are words, symbols, or people who exemplify abstract concepts? A.)Exemplars B.)Prototypes
A
What are cognitive scripts that we use to guide our behavior during regular routine? A.)Event Schemas B.)Schemas C.)Role schemas
A
What are memories we consciously try to remember and recall? A.)Explicit B.)Implicit
A
What gets you into short term? A.) Strategic rehearsal B.) Elaborative rehearsal
A
What gives you a cue and identifies previously learned information after encountering it again, usually in response to a cue? A.) recognition B.)relearning C.)recall
A
What is a common learning disability in which letters are not processed properly by the brain? A.)Dyslexia B.)Dysgraphia
A
What can be easily categorized based on scientific evidence, life experiences, and often a general consensus among the public? A.)Abstract concept B.)concrete concept C.)artificial concept D.)natural concept
B
What consolidates memories? A.) cerebellum B.) Hippocampus C.) prefrontal cortex D.)Amygdala
B
What does not perform the behavior, but instead explains or describes the behavior? A.)Live model B.)verbal model C.) Symbolic model
B
A mental shortcut in the form of a general problem-solving framework is called ________. a. an algorithm b. a heuristic c. a mental set d. trial and error
B
A stimulus that does not initially elicit a response in an organism is a? A.)unconditioned stimulus B.)neutral stimulus C.)conditioned stimulus D.)unconditioned response
B
According to a study by Yogo and Fujihara (2008), if you want to improve your short-term memory, you should spend time writing about ________. a. your best possible future self b. a traumatic life experience c. a trivial topic d. your grocery list
B
According to your reading, nearly ________ of the adult population in the United States can be classified as obese. a. one half b. one third c. one fourth d. one fifth
B
Animal research suggests that in male rats the ________ is critical for the ability to engage in sexual behavior, but not for the motivation to do so. a. nucleus accumbens b. amygdala c. medial preoptic area of the hypothalamus d.hippocampus
B
At what stage and months does reflexive communication and an interest in others happen in development? A.) Stage 1 and 0-3 Months B.) Stage 2 and 3-8 Months C.) Stage 3 and 8-13 Months D.) Stage 4 and 12-18 Months
B
At what stage and years do babies start to talk in sentences of three or more words? A.)Stage 5 and 18-24 months B.) Stage 6 and 2-3 years C.)Stage 7 and 3-5 years
B
Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that focuses on the study of ________. a.) human development b.) human thinking c.) human behavior D.)human society
B
In Pavlov's work with dogs, the psychic secretions were ________. a.) unconditioned(unlearned) responses b. )conditioned(learned) responses c.) unconditioned stimuli d.) conditioned stimuli
B
In order for a test to be normed and standardized it must be tested on ________. a. a group of same-age peers b. a representative sample c. children with mental disabilities d. children of average intelligence
B
Individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder have been shown to have reduced volumes of the ________. a. amygdala b. hippocampus c. hypothalamus d. thalamus
B
Learning is best defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that? A.)is innate B.)occurs as a result of experience C.)is found only in humans D.)occurs by observing others
B
Need for ________ refers to maintaining positive relationships with others. a. achievement b. affiliation c. intimacy d. power
B
Slot machines reward gamblers with money according to which reinforcement schedule? a. fixed ratio b. variable ratio c. fixed interval d. variable interval
B
The person who performs a behavior that serves as an example is called a ________. a. teacher b. model c. instructor d. coach
B
What Involves creating examples and self reference? A.) Strategic rehearsal B.) Elaborative rehearsal
B
What are memories that are not part of our consciousness? A.)Explicit B.)Implicit
B
An event schema is also known as a cognitive ________. a. stereotype b. concept c. script d. prototype
C
An exceptionally clear recollection of an important event is a (an) ________. a. engram b. arousal theory c. flashbulb memory d. equipotentiality hypothesis
C
At what stage and months does intentional communication and socialibility happen in development? A.) Stage 1 and 0-3 Months B.) Stage 2 and 3-8 Months C.) Stage 3 and 8-13 Months D.) Stage 4 and 12-18 Months
C
At what stage and years do babies start to talk in complex sentences and have conversations? A.)Stage 5 and 18-24 months B.) Stage 6 and 2-3 years C.)Stage 7 and 3-5 years
C
During the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle, individuals experience rhythmic contractions of the pelvis that are accompanied by uterine contractions in women and ejaculation in men. a. excitement b. plateau c. orgasm d. resolution
C
The DSM-5 now uses ________ as a diagnostic label for what was once referred to as mental retardation. a. autism and developmental disabilities b. lowered intelligence c. intellectual disability d. cognitive disruption
C
What are a set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon? A.)Morphemes B.)Phonemes C.)Grammar D.)Lexicon
C
What are assumptions about how people in particular roles will behave? A.)Event Schemas B.)Schemas C.)Role schemas
C
What are created "naturally" through your experiences and can be developed from either direct or indirect experiences? A.)Concrete concept B.)abstract concept C.)natural concept D.)artificial concept
C
What can be fictional characters or real people who demonstrate behaviors in books, movies, and television shows? A.)Live model B.)verbal model C.) Symbolic model
C
What gives you no cue and it accesses information without cues? A.) recognition B.)relearning C.)recall
C
What has high ability to control the movements of the body and use the body to perform various physical tasks? Ex: Dancer, athlete, athletic coach, and yoga instructor. A.) Spatial intelligence B.) logical mathematical intelligence C.) bodily kinesthetic intelligence D.)Intrapersonal intelligence
C
What has innate reinforcing qualities(food, water, shelter and sex)? A.) Token economy B.)positive reinforcer C.)primary reinforcer D.)Secondary reinforcer
C
What is a behavior that is rewarded after unpredictable amounts of time have passed? A.)Fixed interval B.)Fixed ratio C.)Variable interval D.)Variable ratio
C
What is a faulty heuristic in which you stereotype someone or something without a valid basis for your judgement? A.)Availability bias B.)Anchoring bias C.)Representative bias D.)Confirmation bias
C
What is a form of learning in which the stimulus/experience happens after the behavior is demonstrated? A.)associative learning B.)classical conditioning C.)operant conditioning D.)Law of Effect
C
What is a problem-solving strategy in which multiple solutions are attempted until the correct one is found? A.) mental set B.)Heuristics C.)Trial and error D.)Algorithms
C
What is a process where the observer sees the model rewarded, making the observer more likely to imitate the model's behavior? A.)partial reinforcement B.)continuous reinforcement C.)vicarious reinforcement D.)vicarious punishment
C
What is a return of a previously extinguished conditioned response? A.)Acquisition B.)Extinction C.)Spontaneous recovery D.)taste aversion
C
What is each person's response to the environment is unique based on his or her genetic makeup? A.)Analytical intelligence B.)fluid intelligence C.)convergent thinking D.)Range of reaction
D
At what stage and months does first words happen in development? A.) Stage 1 and 0-3 Months B.) Stage 2 and 3-8 Months C.) Stage 3 and 8-13 Months D.) Stage 4 and 12-18 Months
D
Between what percentages of the population identify as homosexual? A.)0% and 6% B.)30% and 5% C.)10% and 25% D.)3% and 10%
D
Fluid intelligence is characterized by ________. a. being able to recall information b. being able to create new products c. being able to understand and communicate with different cultures d. being able to see complex relationships and solve problems
D
If someone is uncomfortable identifying with the gender normally associated with their biological sex, then he could be classified as experiencing ________. a. homosexuality b. bisexuality c. heterosexuality d. gender dysphoria
D
In Bandura's Bobo doll study, when the children who watched the aggressive model were placed in a room with the doll and other toys, they ________. a. ignored the doll b. played nicely with the doll c. played with tinker toys d. kicked and threw the doll
D
In Watson and Rayner's experiments, little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, and then he began to be afraid of other furry white objects. This demonstrates? A.)higher order conditioning B.)acquisition C.)stimulus discrimination D.)stimulus generalization
D
In _ stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior. A.)Associative learning B.)observational learning C.)operant conditioning D.)classical conditioning
D
In order to be classified as morbidly obese, an adult must have a BMI of ________. a. less than 25 b. 25-29.9 c. 30-39.9 d. 40 or more
D
The mean score for a person with an average IQ is ________. a. 70 b. 130 c. 85 d. 100
D
The meaning of words and phrases is determined by applying the rules of ________. a. lexicon b. phonemes c. overgeneralization d. semantics
D
The storage capacity of long-term memory is ________. a. one or two bits of information b. seven bits, plus or minus two c. limited d. essentially limitless
D
The three functions of memory are ________. a. automatic processing, effortful processing, and storage b. encoding, processing, and storage c. automatic processing, effortful processing, and retrieval d. encoding, storage, and retrieval
D
Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as ________. a. persistence b. misattribution c. transience d. blocking
D
What has no inherent value unto itself and only has reinforcing qualities when linked with something else( money,gold stars, and poker chips)? A.) Token economy B.)positive reinforcer C.)primary reinforcer D.)Secondary reinforcer
D
What is a behavior that is followed by consequences satisfying to the organism will be repeated and behaviors that are followed by unpleasant consequences will be discouraged? A.)associative learning B.)classical conditioning C.)operant conditioning D.)Law of Effect
D
What is a belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even if it really wasn't? A.)Availability bias B.)Anchoring bias C.)Representative bias D.)hindsight
D
What is a concept that is defined by a specific set of characteristics? Ex: knowing what snow is but not experiencing it A.)Concrete concept B.)abstract concept C.)natural concept D.)artificial concept
D
What is a faulty heuristic in which you focus on information that confirms your beliefs? A.)Availability bias B.)Anchoring bias C.)Hindsight D.)Confirmation bias
D
What is a memory error in which unused memories fade with the passage of time? A.) Misattribution B.) blocking C.) Absent mindedness D.) transcience
D
What is a number of responses differ before a behavior is rewarded? A.)Fixed interval B.)Fixed ratio C.)Variable interval D.)Variable ratio
D
What is a problem-solving strategy characterized by a specific set of instructions? A.) mental set B.)Heuristics C.)Trial and error D.)Algorithms
D
What is a process where the observer sees the model punished, making the observer more likely to imitate the model's behavior? A.)partial reinforcement B.)continuous reinforcement C.)vicarious reinforcement D.)vicarious punishment
D
What is developed after ingestion of food that causes nausea, sickness, or vomiting? A.)Acquisition B.)Extinction C.)Spontaneous recovery D.)taste aversion
D
What is deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs that result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and ultimately bring the system back to homeostasis? A.) motivation B.)Punishment C.)overjustification effect D.)Drive theory
D
What is diagnostic category in DSM-5 for individuals who do not identify as the gender associated with their biological sex? A.)Gender swap B.)Gender mixup C.)Transgender D.)Gender Dysphoria
D
Extinction occurs when ________. a.) the conditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus b. )the unconditioned stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with a conditioned stimulus c.) the neutral stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with an unconditioned stimulus d.) the neutral stimulus is presented repeatedly without being paired with a conditioned stimulus
b
What is a learning disability? a. a developmental disorder b. a neurological disorder c. an emotional disorder d. an intellectual disorder
b
The hypothalamus is essential for maintaining what?
homeostasis
In sexual behavior, the hypothalamus is in contact with what?
the endocrine system