Psych 21A Chapter 8

Which of the following statements about conflict between adolescents and parents is TRUE?

Conflict between parents and adolescents is highest in early adolescence

Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to have a positive relationship with a sibling?

Colleen, who shares an easy temperament with her brother

Which of the following statements regarding autonomy is adolescence is NOT true?

Expectations for early autonomy are prevalent in Latinos

Which of the following statements about intergenerational relationships is TRUE?

Females have an especially important role in connecting family relationships across generations

Which of the following statements about the transition from high school to college is NOT true?

Male students show more psychological dependency on their parents than do female students

Johnathan, age 16, has a secure attachment to his parents. According to Joseph Allen and his colleagues, Johnathan should have

a high capacity for intimacy

Research has shown that an only child is usually

achievement-oriented

Helena is the first-born child in her family. According to research on birth order, Helena is likely to be

achieving

Regarding the effects of open vs. closed adoptions, most research supports the finding that

adoptive parents were more satisfied with open adoptions

Sherry and Jason have two children each from previous marriages. When they marry, they create a

blended family

Before Justin's father remarried, Justin was responsible for mowing the grass, putting the dishes in the dishwasher, and doing his own laundry. Now that Kim has married into the family, Justin is not sure which of his responsibilities he should continue to do. Justin is experiencing

boundary ambiguity

Cognitive changes in adolescence that contribute to change in parent-adolescent relationships include all of the following EXCEPT

decreased cognitive sophistication

Which of the following is NOT a change in adolescence that can affect the parent-adolescent relationship?

decreased idealistic thought

Lower rates of parental monitoring have been associated with all of the following problems EXCEPT

decreased participation in extra-curricular activities in high school

Which of the following is NOT one of the parenting styles described by Diana Baumrind?

incompetent

Recent longitudinal studies on the effects of sibling conflict found that increased sibling conflict was linked to all of the following EXCEPT

increased peer competence

Indulgent parenting has been associated with ___ in adolescents

lack of self-control

Adolescents whose parents are not involved with their lives and who do not monitor their activities in any way tend to

lack self-control

Adolescents' healthy social development is most effectively promoted by ___ and at least a moderate level of ___

love; parental control

Elise's parents give her information on an upcoming college fair and talk to her about her potential career choices. Elise's parents are acting as

managers

Intense parent-adolescent conflict is related to all of the following EXCEPT

more empathy

Which of the following is NOT a trend in cultural change in families around the world?

more families migrating to rural areas

In a recent study, helicopter parents was related to ___ negative emotional functioning, ___ competent decision making, and ___ grades in college adults

more; less; lower

Delany's parents are uninvolved in her life. She comes and goes as she pleases and she has the sense that she doesn't matter very much to her parents. Delaney's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?

neglectful

Today's parent-adolescent relationships are viewed as

one-way process

Gina, age 22, is securely attached to her parents. Recent research on attachment and the emerging adult would suggest that Gina should have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

poor coping skills under stress

According to attachment theorists, secure attachment in infancy is linked to adolescents'

social competence

Chris gained custody of his three biological children after his divorce. After three years, he married Jennifer who had no children from her previous marriage. Chris and Jennifer's new family is a

stepmother family

Research suggests all of the following are possible consequences of divorce EXCEPT that

the majority of adolescents and emerging adults have significant adjustments if their parents divorced

Ruth Chao argues that Asian-American parents are more likely to use the parenting style of ______, rather than authoritarian parenting

training

The most common pattern of parenting that was found in a study of parenting behaviors in 186 countries around the world was

warm and controlling

The largest group of adolescents with gay and lesbian parents are likely those who

were born in the context of heterosexual relationships of one of their parents

In a study on the effects of divorce on children conducted by Hetherington and colleagues, what percentage of the children from divorced families were found to have emotional problems?

25%

Which of the following statements about the nature of grandparenting is TRUE?

Grandmothers have more contact with grandchildren than grandfathers do

Which of the following statements regarding gay and lesbian parents is FALSE?

Heterosexual parents are less likely to have children with externalizing problems than gay and lesbian parents

Two countries where parent-adolescent conflict is lower than in the United States are India and

Japan

The two ethnic groups that tend to place the largest emphasis on family duty and obligations are Asian Americans and

Latinos

Which of the following changes in parents contribute to parent-adolescent relationships?

Marital satisfaction increases after adolescents or emerging adults leave home

Which of the following statements about the timing for beginning parenthood has been found to be TRUE?

The number of adolescent pregnancies increased considerably in the 1970s and 1980s

Which of the following statements regarding the link between marital relationships and parenting is NOT true?

When parents have more intimacy in their marriage, they are less affectionate to their children and adolescents

Which of the following statements about sibling relationships is NOT true?

When siblings talk, the main focus is on their relationship with their parents

Which of the following statements about birth order in siblings is NOT true?

Younger siblings report feeling resentful that parents give preferential treatment to older siblings

Michael's parents never discuss their rules. If he asks for an explanation, they answer, "Because I said so; that's all the explanation you need." Michael's parents are using which style of parenting?

authoritarian

Maureen's parents have clear, reasonable rules, which they communicate and enforce. They also are warm and nurturing towards Maureen and her siblings. Maureen's parents are using which of Diana Baumrind's styles of parenting?

authoritative

Jeremy is a dad to an adolescent boy and girl. If Jeremy is like most dads of adolescent children, he will

be concerned with the intellectual development of his son

Ashley, age 17, lives with her biological mother and her mother's lesbian partner, Daryl. According to researchers, Ashley is likely to

develop a heterosexual identity

Penny's parents are still married but they have a high degree of marital conflict. According to research, Penny is more likely than her peers whose parents are happily married to

develop emotional problems

The type of insecure attachment in which the adolescent and the parent may mutually distance

dismissing/ avoidant attachment

Research has shown that adolescents who have an unresolved/ disorganized attachment to their parents may display

disorientation

Judy Dunn has described three important characteristics of sibling relationships: familiarity and intimacy of the relationship, variation in sibling relationships, and

emotional quality of the relationship

Marci and John's 25 y/o daughter, Serena, moves back in with them after graduate school. She cannot find a job in her field and works part-time as a waitress while searching for jobs. If Marcia and John are like many parents whose emerging adult children move back home with them, they will

experience a disequilibrium in the family

Lily calls her son Mark, age 22, at least three times each day. She says she's just "checking in" to see that he ate lunch and that he's studying for his exams in graduate school. Lily is engaged in

helicopter parenting

The epigenetic view emphasized that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between ___ and the ___

heredity; environment

Bianca's parents fight constantly. As a result, they ignore her. Lately Bianca has begun to stay out late and to hang out with much older friends. Bianca's parents' conflict is having a(n) _____ effect on her behavior.

indirect

Bryan's parents give him anything he wants and do not expect anything from him. They tried to involve him in family chores, but he just ignored them. Bryan's parents are using which of Diana Baurind's parenting styles?

indulgent

Which of the following statements about insecure attachment is NOT true?

insecure attachment has little bearing on later development beyond infancy

Yasmine's parents are inconsistently available to her. When she tries to get close to them and they don't have time for her, she becomes angry. Yasmine has a(n) ________ attachment to her parents

preoccupied/ ambivalent

Recent research has found that insecure attachment of one or both partners places couples at risk for

relationship problems

A teen from an intact family with high level of marital conflict are at an increased risk for

risk sexual behaviors

Family organization and routine has been shown to be positively related to all of the following factors EXCEPT

school-related problems

Myra, age 9 months, crawls away from her mother while visiting a friend's home. Myra periodically looks back to see that her mother is there and then ventures out a little further into the new environment. According to attachment theorists, Myra is displaying

secure attachment

Which of the following is NOT one of the insecure attachment categories on the Adult Attachment Interview?

secure/ autonomous attachment

The majority of adults describe their attachment styles as

securely attached