PSYCH 220 FINAL
Which of the following is true about Vaillant Longitudinal Studies of adulthood and aging?
Factors such as good coping skills and being thankful were linked with "happy-well" category
Which of the following is a probable reason why older adults tend to reporting less lonely than younger adults?
Older adults have more selective social networks and greater acceptance of solitude
Which of the following statements about language skills of older adults is NOT true?
Older adults seldom report difficulty in retrieving words to use in conversation.
Kelly has just given birth to her first baby at age 37; her best friend, Olivia, age 26, just gave birth to her first child. Which of the following is likely to be TRUE for these new mothers?
Olivia will have fewer medical problems with pregnancy and childbirth.
Mr. Dalton has been complaining of irregular and involuntary movement in the right part of his body. The doctors noticed that Mr. Dalton has been showing signs of slow movement and partial facial paralysis. The chronic and progressive nature of the illness was revealed in the pathological findings. Which of the following conditions does Mr. Dalton most likely suffer from?
Parkinson disease
Which of the following scenarios will most likely aid an inhibited child to be outgoing, sociable, and emotionally stable as an adult?
Peer groups with other inhibited children with common interests, so the child feels accepted
Holly is a quiet and introverted person. She feels stressed whenever she has to interact with a lot of people. Which of the following BEST describes this aspect of Holly's identity?
Personality
The event that comes closest to being a culture-wide rite of passage in the United States is:
a school graduation ceremony.
Which of the following changes in the brain has NOT been associated with Alzheimer disease?
a series of mini-strokes
In a longitudinal study of individuals from their early 30s through their late 60s and 70s showed that
a significant rise in spirituality occurred between late middle and late adulthood
According to the socioemotional selective theory, the trajectory of motivation for knowledge related goals peaks in
adolescence or early adulthood
Studies show that following six months of ___________, older adults showed improvement on reaction times
aerobic exercise
Penelope is describing her marriage of 15 years: "My husband and I were eating breakfast the other day. Neither of us was talking, both of us just reading and thinking our own thoughts. But it was a very comfortable, companionable silence, and I love it!" What aspect of their relationship does this illustrate?
affectionate love
Questions such as, "To which age group do you belong?" and "How old do you feel?" reflect the concept of:
age identity
Older adults not being hired for new jobs, being eased out of old ones because they are perceived as too rigid or feeble-minded, and being eased out because they are not considered cost effective are examples of:
ageism
Which of the following is benefit of everyday conflicts that characterize the parent-adolescent relationship?
They help adolescents become more autonomous
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the death scenario in the U.S. today?
Today, death occurs most often among adolescents.
Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?
Typing on a computer while talking to a friend
Which of the following strategies would be most helpful in improving memory in middle age?
Use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered.
Identify a possible reason for the changes in fluid and crystallized intelligence of different age groups in John Horn's cross-sectional study.
cohort effects
Which of the following is one of the ten most frequent daily hassles for adults in middle age?
concerns about weight
Becky is careless, impulsive, and disorganized. According to the Big Five personality factors, Becky is most likely to score low on:
conscientiousness
Juanita, a Latino girl, is entering adolescence and her mother wants to keep her from risky sexual behavior. According to research, her mother should
foster a close and supportive relationship with Juanita.
Remembering the name of a person's toy from years ago when he or she was a child is an example of _________ memory
episodic
Reggie, 16, gets into a lot of arguments with his parents. Going by what is generally observed about parent-adolescent conflict, it is likely that most of the arguments center around:
everyday events of family life
If passion and commitment are present but intimacy is not, Sternberg calls the relationship _____ love, as when one person worships another from a distance.
fatuous
When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a:
fight-or-flight manner
Ramon's parents have decided that he will enroll in a liberal arts course in the state college near their hometown. Ramon has not really thought about the issue much himself, and he will most likely follow their advice. James Marcia would classify Ramon's identity status as identity:
foreclosure
Cathy and Miguel have been dating for six months. Which of the following is likely to be LEAST important in their relationship considering that both are in early adulthood?
loyalty
Silas is a man who is in his late seventies. He has a condition characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance. This is otherwise known as:
metabolic syndrome
In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics generally changed the most across time for an adult?
nurturance or hostility
When he was interviewed at 80 years of age, Arthur Rubinstein said that he spent more time at practice than earlier in his life. This helped to maintain his status as an admired concert pianist. This reflects which aspect of Baltes' theory?
optimization
A type of care that is designed to reduce pain and suffering...
palliative
An estimated _______ percent of individuals who become alcoholics are believed to have a genetic predisposition for it
50 to 60
In 2013, in the United States, the average age of retirement was _____ for men and _____ for women.
64;62
Which of the following describes the federal government's exercise recommendations for adolescents?
A minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise
The majority of sibling relationships in adulthood are:
close
_____ percent of women 75 years or older live alone
50
The peak rate of pubertal change occurs at _____ years for girls and _____ years for boys
11 1/2; 13 1/2
In a Canadian Study of 40 to 64-year-olds by Wright ______ percent reported that their sexual life was less satisfying
30
Regina's friend has been diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. His symptoms include fevers, night sweats, weight loss, chronic fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes. The doctor denotes that a virus has infected his immune system. Regina's friend has most likely been diagnosed with which of the following sexually transmitted infections?
AIDS
Josue has incurable cancer. However, he promises to lead a reformed life dedicated to God if God spares his life. In this scenario, Josue is in which of the following Kübler-Ross' stages of dying?
Bargaining
According to a study using the Complex Postformal Thought Questionnaire, which of the following statements about the postformal stage of cognitive development is TRUE?
College students who have cross-category friends scored higher on the postformal thought measure.
Which of the following statements about dating in gay male and lesbian youth is TRUE?
Disclosure of their sexual orientation to parents is the most stressful problem for gay and lesbian youth.
An _____________ refers to legal document that reflects the patient's advance care planning
living will
_____ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of someone we love.
Grief
An adult in middle age will be most likely to do POORLY on which of the following tasks?
Hitting the brakes of a car when the light suddenly turns red
Fifteen-year-old Juanita wants to skip school today because she is having a bad hair day and is convinced that everybody will notice and think badly of her. Which aspect of adolescent egocentrism is Juanita experiencing?
Imaginary Audience
Why are older adults more likely to forget what items they wanted to buy at a store than they are to forget how to drive their car?
Implicit memory is less likely to be affected with aging than explicit memory
Which of the following is linked to more rapid onset of hearing difficulties in older adults?
Inadequate nutrition and a lifetime of smoking
Which of the following statements is true about better care for dying individuals?
Many health care professionals have received little training to provide adequate end-of-life care or to understand its importance.
Deaths that are sudden, violent, or traumatic are more likely to
Produce more intense feelings in the survivor than id the person had died of a long illness
George wants to ensure that his sons become competent decision makers. Which of the following is a strategy you would suggest for improving their decision making?
Provide more opportunities for them to engage in role playing and peer group problem solving.
Which of the following statements is supported by Crystal Park's research on chronic stress and religious experiences?
Religion can serve as a meaning system through which the bereaved are able to reframe their loss.
Which of the following is true of antioxidants?
Research is mixed
Sarah and Kent have always had a very traditional family structure. Kent worked outside the home and Sarah was a homemaker. When Kent retires, which of the following situations is most likely to arise?
Sarah will become uneasy having Kent around the house all day.
In the Berkeley Longitudinal Studies, which of the following characteristics remained generally stable...
Self-confidence
Which of the following statements about intergenerational relationships is true?
Similarity between parent and child is most noticeable in religion and politics
If born today in the United States, which of the following persons would have the highest life expectancy?
Susana who is a Latino female
Seven-year-old Matthew's mother passed away recently. He has started asking his father about his mother's whereabouts. Which of the following is the BEST strategy of dealing with Matthew's questions?
The father should be honest about his mother's death.
The most effective way to treat adolescent depression is:
a combination of drug therapy and cognitive behavior therapy.
Brain death occurs when:
all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.
Katie weighs less than 85 percent of what is considered normal for her age and height. Yet, she sees herself as too fat and starves to become thinner. Katie most likely suffers from
anorexia nervosa
Rose's ex-boyfriend, Peter, describes her as clingy and dependent...
anxious
A number of leading experts on adolescent sexuality conclude that abstinence-only programs
are less effective at reducing the risk of adolescent pregnancy than sex-education programs.
Mini wants to know what activities would be most conducive to creative thinking. Based on what people reported in Csikszentmihalyi's research, you would suggest that Mini would be at her creative best during activities that:
are semiautomatic
Mrs. Hernandez has considerable pain and inflammation in her wrists, fingers, and knees. It is becoming very difficult for her to maintain her usual routines as her stiffness increases. Mrs. Hernandez has:
arthritis
In her meeting with a counselor, Dalton revealed that he was uncomfortable being close to others. He finds it difficult to trust people completely and doesn't allow himself to depend completely on them. He gets nervous if someone tries to get too intimate with him. It seems likely that Dalton has a(n) _____ attachment style.
avoidant
Stella has involved, responsive parents who support her in her choices as long as she adheres to certain basic rules that they have set for her...
be likely to share information about her whereabouts, friends, and activities with her parents
Recent research suggests that cohabiting:
before marriage increases likelihood of divorce
Most of us reach our peak physical performance
before the age of 30, often between the ages of 18-26
Factors at age 50 that were linked with being in the "happy-well" group at age 75 to 80 years of age included all of the following EXCEPT:
being wealthy
Abdiel has had three children, according to Erikson, he has achieved
biological generativity
Which of the following is a reason fro why height decreases...
bone loss in the vertebrae
Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lenses of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is suffering from.
cataracts
Marie is reluctant to marry because she is worried that her husband might cheat on her. You would tell her that adultery is:
clearly the exception rather than the rule.
__________________ intelligence includes the ability to recall and accumulated information and verbal skills
crystallized
Most research studies indicate that the greatest change in personality occurs in
early adulthood
Gina is doing what she can to help her older aunt take care of herself and stay in her own home. Gina often takes meals to her aunt and helps her clean, go shopping, and make visits to the doctor. Gina is providing _____ for her aunt.
eldercare
The concept of "use it or lose it" is a significant component of the _____ model of cognitive optimization that addresses strategies to buffer age-related declines in intellectual development.
engagement
The human genome has not changed markedly in the last century, yet obesity has noticeably increased...
environmental factors play an important role in obesity
James, an American, will be most likely considered as an adult by his peers and community when he _____, whereas Nirmal, who lives in Bangladesh, will be most likely considered as an adult by his community when he _____.
gets a full-time job; gets married
LEAST important characteristic that women look for in a man?
good looks
Cohort refers to
group of individuals born in the same year of the period
Your elderly aunt Marie was recently admitted to a nursing home where there is a "residents' advisory board," consisting of the people who live in the home. They consult with the staff on changes that affect their lives and help plan the monthly activities. Based on a research by Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer, you would expect her to be:
happier than she was when she did not have any input into decisions affecting her life.
Manfred is worried about his 16-year-old son hanging around much older people in the neighborhood. Research suggests that Manfred:
has reason to worry, since his son may engage in delinquency and early sexual behavior
Adult development experts are virtually unanimous in their belief that midlife crises:
have been exaggerated
Bill wants to know how he can prevent drug abuse by his adolescent son. You would suggest that Bill
have family dinners most nights of the week.
Sensitivity to _________ sounds usually declines first among ___________
high-pitched, men
The ___________ describes a common adolescent belief that others are as interested in them as they are in themselves, and involves attention getting behaviors...
imaginary audience
If a community wants to develop programs to help at-risk youths, an important component to include in the program would be:
intensive individualized attention.
A man in his mid-forties is most likely to notice:
joint stiffness
Erikson believed that elderly adults use their impending death as an opportunity to look back and reflect on their life...
life review
Basilio sustained severe and irreversible brain damage due to an accidental overdose of insulin. His wife and children decided to remove the life-support system, and Basilio subsequently died. This is an example of ________ euthanasia.
passive
Damon has been terminally ill with multiple fractures to his skull. He has been in a vegetative state for over three years. Finally his family agrees to end his suffering...
passive
"I know I can handle the car at high speeds much better than others can", says...
personal fable
Cognitive __________ are the culture-based "software" programs of the mind
pragmatics
The ___________ is the area that shrinks most with aging
pre-frontal cortex
Kendra has a few shots of vodka before going out to attend her annual college party. Kendra has engaged in:
pregaming
Jamie lost his wife many years ago. He is still experiencing enduring despair a year after her death. According to Prigerson & Maciejewski, this type of grief reaction would be labelled as _____ grief.
prolonged
Service learning is often more effective when two conditions are met: (1) giving students some degree of choice in the service activities in which they participate, and (2) _____
providing students opportunities to reflect about their participation
Stacy is a director of a senior center. Every week she leads a group where the elders discuss past activities and experiences. The members of the group are encouraged to share anecdotes, old pictures, and other family memorabilia that remind them of significant events in their past. Stacy's group is a form of ________ therapy.
reminiscence
The rectangularization of the population pyramid is due to all of the following EXCEPT
rising male-to-female ratio
Zack is having a conversation with his friend Ben in a crowded room. Despite the presence of many voices around him, Zack focuses on what Ben is saying. This is an example of _____ attention.
selective
The ______________ theory describes how people can produce new resources and allocate them to the task they want to master
selective optimization with compensation
Although Alicia has a great memory for trivia, she has difficulty remembering important events in her life. Alicia has good _____ memory but poor _____ memory.
semantic; episodic
Lillian is 50 years old. Her doctor has noticed a sharp decrease in her estrogen levels, and Lillian is complaining of nausea and fatigue. Based on these symptoms, what could be her initial diagnosis?
she is going through menopause
Joaquin believes that older adults deliberately withdraw from social contact with individuals who are peripheral to their lives while maintaining or increasing contact with close friends and family members with whom they have had enjoyable relationships. He is a proponent of:
socioemotional selectivity
Which of the following is not one of John Gottman's seven principles... marriage will work?
solving perpetual conflicts
when explains death to a preschool child, the most important point for parents to stress is that
the child is loved and will not be abandoned
Alice, Jane, Lois, and Sandra have been friends since grade school. Over the years, they have given each other support and shared in each other's joys and sadness. Which model of social relations does this scenario represent?
the convoy model
After Mildred's divorce, she went back to college, renewed old acquaintanceships, and took up ballroom dancing. After completing college, she got the job she'd always wanted and entered into a long-term relationship. Mildred chose the pathway of:
the enhancer
Identical human twins have similar weights, even when they are reared apart. This indicates:
the genetic component of a person's weight.
Just as the transition from elementary school to middle or junior high school involves change and possible stress, so does the transition from high school to college...
the top-dog phenomenon
Most rites of passage focus on
the transition to adult status
Which of the following is a similarity among the cellular clock, free-radical, and mitochondrial theories?
they attempt to explain aging at the cellular level
According to the cross-sectional study by Ursula Staudinger, _____ showed up for the first time on the most important list for those who were 85 to 105 years old.
thinking about life
"Amelia's all excited about this new guy she met," says Julie. "I guess it makes sense because he's really a geek." Based on the concept of consensual validation, we can expect that Julie:
thinks that Amelia is also a geek
Exercise can reduce the risk of all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
type I diabetes
Which of the following is true about the relationship between exercise and screen time?
viewing 6 hours or more of TV a day is likely to reduce life expectancy by almost 5 years
Research on adolescent sleep patters suggest that:
when given the opportunity, adolescents will sleep an average of 9 hours and 25 minutes per night
Ishmael is experiencing a lot of stress at the workplace. Trends indicated in a recent national survey of U.S. adults suggest that Ishmael:
will be less productive because of stress.
Maria is 80 years old. She is considered _____.
young-old