Psych 2e Ch 11 Review (quiz)

phlegmatic

Galen used the terms calm, reliable, and thoughtful to describe a ________ person.

10

How many different scales are used to compile a profile from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

denial

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

cardinal

Johanna is almost always nasty to people. She talks about others behind their backs, looks for ways to undercut classmates, and intentionally does things to impede other's success. Virtually everyone she knows eventually grows to dislike her, often citing her nastiness as the reason why they don't want to be around her. According to Allport, this negativity seems to be a(n) ________ trait for Johanna.

archetypes

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

the secure baby

Of the following options, which is not one of the temperaments first proposed by Thomas and Chess (1977)?

high self-efficacy

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.

They can be scientifically tested because they involve observable actions.

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.

What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan.

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

psychoticism versus superego control

What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck?

moving against people

When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney's coping strategy is Marcos using?

James, who lives in England

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world?

suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?

Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other.

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism?

Karen Horney

Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?

Congruence

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

Trait

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

inferiority

A(n) ________ complex refers to the feeling that one lacks worth and doesn't measure up to the standards of others or of society.

self-actualization

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is ________.

balance between extroversion and introversion

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

real; ideal

According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one's ______ self and their ________ self.

genital

According to Freud's psychosexual theory of personality, the ________ stage involves a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent).

choleric

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold

oral

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

regression

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?