Psych 3
hypothetical reasoning
Paulette is 15 years old. She has stopped going to church with her family because she does not agree with everything the church preaches. She doesn't understand how her parents still go every weekend when they don't always practice their religion during the week. By seeing the hypocrisy in her parents' lives, Paulette has become capable of: _____.
The emotion areas of the brain were activated when they thought about pushing the person.
Why did research participants state that they would kill one person to save five when it involved flipping a trolley switch but then refuse to apply the same "kill one to save five" when it involved pushing a person?
Improved judgment, impulse control, and the ability to plan for the future develop during the late teens and early twenties, largely as a result of:
development of the frontal lobe and its connections with other parts of the brain.
Erik Erikson proposed that at the _____ versus _____ stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or else they may feel a lack of purpose.
generativity, stagnation
Jarrell thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrell demonstrates a _____ morality.
preconventional
behavior genetics
the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior
frontal lobes are not fully developed.
"Teens are less guilty by reason of adolescence" because their:
The period of adolescence is lengthening in industrialized cultures such as in Europe, the United States, and Australia. Adolescents are taking more time to finish their education and establish careers. The average age for a first marriage in the United States is now 29 for men and _______ for women.
27
natural selection
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
intimacy with others.
According to Erik Erikson, one positive outcome of the struggle for identity is a comfortable sense of who one is and a developing capacity for:
postconventional
Amath has decided to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity this summer because he wants to give back to people who are not as fortunate as he is. Amath has probably reached the _____ stage of moral development.
frontal lobes
At 19, Abbey is beginning to plan for her future. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has buckle down in school. Most likely, Abbey's _____ are developing.
Culture
Beliefs, customs, and traditions of a specific group of people.
adolescence
Caitlyn is 16 years old. She is in the midst of puberty. Caitlyn is in what stage of development?
postconventional
Critics have argued that Kohlberg's _____ stage is culturally defined because it seems to appear mostly among people who prize individualism.
formal operational
Following the death of a local teenager, Melissa came to believe that the teen had been profiled as a potential threat because he was African-American. She decided to join in the protests and actively engaged in public demonstrations in her community and high school. Melissa has entered which stage of development, according to Piaget?
a sense of purpose.
Gerard just celebrated his 25th anniversary at the company and was given a gold watch. He feels that this gold watch is just a meaningless trinket and is glad that he is able to balance his work with family life. According to Erik Erikson, Gerard is probably feeling:
At 19, Celia is beginning to plan for her future. She no longer lives for the moment. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has buckle down in school. What is probably happening to Celia?
Her frontal lobes are growing.
social identity.
James walks into the gas station to prepay for his gas. It seems like everyone pauses and looks at him. He is now aware that he is the only Muslim male in the store. He is aware of his:
intimacy vs. isolation.
Jenny has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Jenny is in the stage of development called:
Research participants are presented with the following scenario: "There is a runaway trolley headed for five people. All will certainly be killed unless you push a larger stranger onto the tracks, where he will die as his body stops the trolley. Will you push him?" What are the likely results to this question?
Most will say no.
menarche
Nyla is 11 years old and has breast buds and visible pubic hair. What physical change is likely to happen next?
sexual
Puberty is the period of _____maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
postconventional
Robin is 17 years old and has decided to volunteer for Habitat for Humanity this summer because she wants to give back to people who are not as fortunate as she is. Robin has probably reached the _____ stage of moral development.
road construction; brake pedal
The selective pruning of unused neurons and connections in the adolescent brain are to _______ as adolescent impulsivity and risk taking are to an absent _______.
Why did research participants state that they would kill one person to save five when it involved flipping a trolley switch but then refuse to apply the same "kill one to save five" when it involved pushing a person?
They used the emotional part of the brain to refuse to push.
struggling with intimacy issues.
Thirty-year-old Ana frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. She is worried about finding the "right man." According to Erik Erikson, Ana is MOST likely:
psychiatry
a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
community psychology
a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
clinical psychology
a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
Structuralism
a method of interpretation and analysis of aspects of human cognition, behavior, culture, and experience that focuses on relationships of contrast between elements in a conceptual system that reflect patterns underlying a superficial diversity.
SQ3R
a study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review
Childhood is to adolescence as concrete images are to _____ ideas.
abstract
Kayla is 13 years old. She is in the midst of puberty. Kayla is in a stage of development called:
adolescence
humanistic psychology
an approach to understanding human nature that emphasizes the positive potential of human beings
biopsychosocial approach
an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
concrete images are to abstract ideas.
concrete images are to abstract ideas.
David is 13-years old and is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
conventional
Ren is 13-years old and is telling his mother that she should not drive too fast and make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
conventional
Arthur is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Arthur is in the stage of development called integrity vs. _____.
despair
Sensory adaptation can be defined as:
diminished sensitivity as a result of repeated stimulation.
Kevin is a tall and popular 16-year old. He is also starting to use alcohol. It is likely that Kevin matured at a(n) _____ age.
early
Gabriela is a 22-year-old recent college graduate. She is preparing to move to the largest city in her region to complete a prestigious internship. She has dated several young men but does not envision settling into a serious relationship for at least a few years yet. Gabriela is in a life stage many developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.
emerging
testing effect
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information
The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by the psychologist _____'s psychosocial development theory.
erikson
Malcolm was contemplating dropping out of high school when he was asked to enroll in a volunteer program. Every week he worked in a local day-care center, helping the children with their projects. The children appreciated his help. After a few months, it is MOST likely that Malcolm will:
feel better about himself and not drop out.
According to Jonathan Haidt, moral intuition is associated with _____ first, followed by _____ second.
feelings; reasoning
counciling psychology
focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems
_____ lobe development during adolescence also includes the growth of myelin, the fatty tissue around axons that speeds transmission.
frontal
At 19, Celia is beginning to plan for her future. She no longer lives for the moment. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has to buckle down in school. What is probably happening to Celia?
frontal lobes are growing
Teens are less guilty by reason of adolescence because their:
frontal lobes are not fully developed.
Marcia has the intense desire to create a mentoring program at her company. According to Erik Erikson, she is likely experiencing the _____ versus stagnation state.
generativity
Erik Erikson proposed that at the _____ versus _____ stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or else they may feel a lack of purpose.
generativity; stagnation
Shannon is 15 years old. She has stopped going to church with her family. She does not agree with everything the church preaches. She doesn't understand how her parents still go every weekend, when they don't always practice their religion during the week. Shannon has become able to see the _____ in her parents' lives.
hypocrisy
Keith is 16 years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his son's pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Keith is in the stage of development called _____ versus role confusion.
identity
According to Erik Erikson, older adults can MOST effectively cope with the prospect of their own death if they have achieved a sense of _____.
integrity
Mike is 68 years old and is sitting in his recliner reflecting on the mistakes he made in his life as well as the dreams that went unfulfilled. According to Erik Erikson, Mike is in the stage of development called:
integrity vs. despair.
Madison has a job, a cat named Morris, and 32 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the right man. She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Madison is in the stage of development called _____ versus isolation.
intimacy
Jenny has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Jenny is in the stage of development called intimacy vs. _____.
isolation
With respect to adolescence, biology determines:
its beginning, but not its end.
The years after age 65 are known as _____ adulthood.
late
Donna's parents divorced when she was a little girl. Her mother works two jobs and they eat a lot of fast food. It is likely that Donna will:
mature at an earlier age.
Chanice is 12 years old. When she woke up this morning she noticed blood on her bed. This has never happened before. Chanice is experiencing:
menarche
_____ is to a girl's sexual development as spermarche is to a boy's sexual development.
menarche
Bernice is 62. She is in a life stage known as _____ adulthood.
middle
June is 56 years old and is in _____ adulthood.
middle
Frontal lobe development during adolescence also includes the growth of _____, the fatty tissue around axons that speeds transmission.
myelin
A series of small strokes that progressively damage an older adult's brain is MOST likely to produce:
neurocognitive disorder
Physical exercise in adulthood encourages the birth of new neurons in areas responsible for learning and memory. MOST specifically, therefore, exercise facilitates _____ in the _____.
neurogenesis hippocampus
For most adolescents, the MOST important people in their lives are their:
peers
Kohlberg's theory of moral development MOST closely reflects:
piagets theory
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, those who develop an abstract level of reasoning wherein they perceive basic ethical principles and the moral good as more important than their own self, have developed what is known as _____ morality.
postconventional
Faruq believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ______ morality.
postconventional
Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
postconventional
Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) _____ morality.
preconventional
At 19, Celia is beginning to plan for her future. She no longer lives for the moment. She wants to become a doctor, so she knows she has buckle down in school. Celia's neurons have probably started to _____.
prune
The process of developing a sense of identity during adolescence was highlighted by Erik Erikson's _____ development theory.
psychosocial
Thirteen-year-old Ariana is getting more involved in risky behaviors, which has her mother very worried. Ariana is also more impulsive and emotionally volatile than she used to be. What is the most likely explanation for Ariana's behavior?
pubertal hormonal surge and limbic system development
basic research
pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
applied research
research undertaken to solve a specific problem
Laurent is 16 years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his son's pairing of shirts and pants, earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Laurent is in the stage of development called identity versus _____.
role confusion
Laurent is 16-years old and is trying different clothes and hairstyles. His father is confused and sometimes shocked by his son's pairing of shirts and pants, the earrings, chains, and hair colors. His mother, on the other hand, just laughs. According to Erik Erikson, Laurent is in the stage of development called identity vs. _____.
role confusion
André is starting to notice facial hair and hair under his arms. His voice also seems to be deepening. He is noticing changes in _____ sex characteristics.
secondary
At Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral reasoning, moral decisions are based on:
self-interest.
Preconventional moral reasoning is to conventional moral reasoning as _____ is to _____.
self-interest; social relationships
_____ is the process by which we detect physical energy in the environment and encode that energy as neural signals.
sensation
Marc is driving his 12-year-old car. He notices a sound coming from the engine, which involves _____ processing. He immediately starts thinking that the sound is similar to the sound his car made the last time he had it repaired, which involves _____ processing.
sensation, perception
While playing golf, James forgets that his sunglasses are on top of his head. As the day goes on, he forgets that he placed them there. This demonstrates the process of:
sensory adaptation
John is a star basketball player on the high school team. He is very tall. He is also very popular with both boys and girls. John is MOST likely to be:
sexually active.
Physical exercise in adulthood does NOT:
shorten telomeres
Dennis, a nurse, notes that some parents of asthmatic children respond to very small changes in their children's breathing and seek care accordingly. However, other parents do not notice the same small changes. This type of difference in reaction to stimuli is BEST explained by:
signal detection theory
Two Transportation Security Administration officers are scanning bags at the airport. One of the officers lets a bag go through, but the other officer yells, "Wait, didn't you see that?" Why one officer saw a weapon and the other did not is BEST explained by:
signal detection theory
Jenny has a great job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. Most likely Jenny is:
struggling with intimacy issues.
_____ stimulation occurs below your absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
subliminal
Tips of chromosomes are called _____.
telomeres
Belle was admitted to hospice care several weeks before her ninetieth birthday. She remarked at least once that she "just wanted to make 90." Belle died 2 days after a small family celebration of her birthday at her bedside. This vignette BEST illustrates:
the death deferral phenomenon
levels of analysis
the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
cognitive neuroscience
the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)
nature-nurture issue
the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture
Cognitive Psychology
the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
Psychology
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
positive psychology
the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
evolutionary psychology
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection
Behaviorism
the view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
critical thinking
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.
The phrase "THE CAT" appears in block letters as part of an advertising slogan on a billboard. The "A" and "H" are actually nearly identical in the stylized font that is used. However, the context of the words in the which the letters appear encourages readers to perceive the arrangement of three line segments as completely different letters in each case. This example reflects_____ processing.
top down
To most people the sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive that they immediately recognize it as immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may possibly reflect:
unconscious decision making.
Charlie has high blood pressure and diabetes. His physician has prescribed medications to treat his conditions. However, Charlie often forgets to take his medication. What could he do to help remember to take his medication on time? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. use mnemonics
write a note to himself
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Empirical Approach
A study conducted via careful observations and scientifically based research.
formal operations
According to Piaget, when adolescents are able to reason abstractly, they have reached the _____ stage of cognitive development.
identity
Alexia is 16 years old. One day she has blonde hair; the next day it is blue. One day she looks "goth" and the next she looks like a hippie. She recently asked her parents if she could get a nose ring. Alexia is probably trying to find her _____.
conventional
Eric is 17 years old and has decided to volunteer at Buddy Ball this summer, helping disabled children play baseball. Eric knows that this will look good on his college applications. He is probably in the _____ stage of moral development.
generativity vs. stagnation
Erik Erikson proposed that at this stage of life, people discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or else they may feel a lack of purpose.
preconventional
Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are watching him. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) _____ morality.
sex
Jerry is a star basketball player on the high school team. He is very tall. He is also very popular with both boys and girls. Jerry is more likely to experiment with _____.
Jason is 16 years old. One day he has blonde hair; the next day it is green. One day he looks goth and the next he looks like a jock. He recently asked his parents if he could get a tattoo. Should Jason's parents be worried?
No, this is just Jason trying to find his identity.
conventional
Thirteen-year-old Amata repeatedly tells her mother not to drive too fast and to make a complete stop at the light in order to avoid getting a ticket. Lawrence Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates _____ morality.
"Don't look at me. I must look terrible."
Thirteen-year-old Erin and her mother were in a car accident. Her mother was fine, but Erin had a cut on her forehead. When the attractive emergency medical technician came over to her, Erin MOST likely said:
Frontal
_____ lobe development during adolescence includes the growth of myelin, the fatty tissue around axons that speeds transmission.
Even though all her friends tried marijuana and cocaine in the 1980s, Monica refused to experiment with drugs because it is against the law. Based on Kohlberg's theory, Monica's reasons for refusing drugs reflect _____ moral reasoning.
conventional
Sixteen-year-old Michael begins growing a marijuana plant in a corner of his family's garden. His stepfather asks him to remove it because it is illegal. In Kohlberg's terms, Michael's stepfather is demonstrating _____ reasoning.
conventional
The process of developing a sense of _____ during adolescence was highlighted by Erik Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
identity
Jenny has a job, a cat named Jake, and 31 candles on her birthday cake. She is worried about finding the "right man." She frequently spends nights alone and knows she is not getting any younger. According to Erik Erikson, Jenny is in the stage of development called:
intimacy vs. isolation.
According to Lawrence Kohlberg, the majority of children younger than age 9 have a _____ morality.
preconventional
