psych 3 chapter 5

What is adolescence?

the period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult.

What factors are involved in the development of voluntarily controlled movement?

1. Sucking, grasping, rooting, stepping2. Disappear over time as the baby becomes capable of voluntary controlled movements.

What are the temperament classifications for babies?

The three major types of temperament are easy, slow-to-warm-up and difficult.

How do researchers study what infants know, remember, and sense?

Turn their heads and look at stuff. Measuring how long babies look at particular things give an idea of what they can sense, know, and remember

Is the prefrontal cortex fully mature in adolescence?

no

What happens in the brain of the adolescent?

Adolescence is a time of significant growth and development inside the teenage brain. The main change is that unused connections in the thinking and processing part of your child's brain (called the grey matter) are 'pruned' away. At the same time, other connections are strengthened.

What characterizes secure attachment, insecure avoidant attachment, and insecure ambivalent/resistant attachment in childhood and adulthood?

Attachment styles are characterized by different ways of interacting and behaving in relationships. During early childhood, these attachment styles are centered on how children and parents interact. In adulthood, attachment styles are used to describe patterns of attachment in romantic relationships

What is attachment?

Attachment theory is a psychological, evolutionary and ethological theory concerning relationships between humans. The most important tenet is that young children need to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for normal social and emotional development

How do authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and negligent parents differ?

Both the Authoritarian and the Authoritative parents have high expectations for their children, but the Authoritative parent encourages more freedom of expression. So the child more likely develops a sense of independence Permissive parents are not demanding. Kids do not have many responsibilities and are allowed to regulate their behavior and the majority of their choices. When a parent is permissive, they look at their child as equal rather than children of a parent. Uninvolved parenting — also called neglectful parenting, which obviously carries more negative connotations — is a style of parenting where parents don't respond to their child's needs or desires beyond the basics of food, clothing, and shelter

What do developmental psychologists study?

Developmental Psychology Studies Humans Across the Lifespan. Developmental psychologists focus on human growth and changes across the lifespan, including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional growth.

What is early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood?

Developmental psychologists usually consider early adulthood to cover approximately age 20 to age 40 and middle adulthood approximately 40 to 65

What is habituation?

Habituation is a form of non-associative learning in which an innate (non-reinforced) response to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations of that stimulus.

What did Harlow's monkeys reveal about attachment and maternal instinct?

Harlow was interested in the infants' attachment to the cloth diapers, speculating that the soft material may simulate the comfort provided by a mother's touch. ... In both conditions, Harlow found that the infant monkeys spent significantly more time with the terry cloth mother than they did with the wire mother

Who postulated the existence of an identity crisis? When does it occur? What is it?

In psychology, identity crisis is the failure to achieve ego identity during adolescence. The term was coined by German psychologist Erik Erikson. The stage of psychosocial development in which identity crisis may occur is called the identity cohesion vs. role confusion.

How does gender differ from sex?

Sex refers to a set of biological attributes in humans and animals. ... Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviours, expressions and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people.

What is temperament? On what is it based?

Temperament has been defined as constitutionally based individual differences in emotional, motor, and attentional reactivity and self-regulation, demonstrating consistency across situations and relative stability over time

What is the strange situation test?

The Strange Situation is a test created by Mary Ainsworth to explore childhood attachments patterns. The procedure begins with the child and his mother in a room where the child is allowed to play and explore alone. The stranger then comes back and attempts to interact with the child. Laboratory procedure designed to evaluate attachment style by observing one-year-olds' reactions to being separated, then reunited with their primary caregiver

How is theory of mind related to autism?

Theory of mind focuses on our ability to understand our own and others' mental states. Those with autism spectrum disorder struggle with this ability.

What characterizes happy marriages?

They can share thoughts and feelings in an open, honest and caring way, and listen with empathy and understanding. They do not become defensive, angry, critical, or aggressive when their partner shares feelings or gives feedback and each partner is able to apologize for wrongdoings.

How did Piaget view cognitive development? Know the stages of his theory and the characteristics of thinking associated with each period (such as object permanence, egocentrism, theory of mind, conservation, mental representations, mental operations, etc.).

To Piaget, cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes as a result of biological maturation and environmental experience. Children construct an understanding of the world around them, then experience discrepancies between what they already know and what they discover in their environment. Sensorimotor: Birth to ages 18-24 months. Preoperational: Toddlerhood (18-24 months) through early childhood (age 7). Concrete operational: Ages 7 to 11 years. Formal operational: Adolescence to adulthood.

What major physical changes take place during adolescence?

puberty

What are gender roles?

the role or behavior learned by a person as appropriate to their gender, determined by the prevailing cultural norms.