Psych 319 Final (ch. 8-14)

D

A common feature of type __ personality is underlying their negative emotions appears to be extreme social inhibition, or fear of new situations

Anorexia-cachexia syndrome

A common syndrome observed at the end of life is the _____ in which the individual loses appetite and muscle mass

possible selves

According to ___ theory, people are motivated to strive for a hoped-for possible self and will attempt to avoid a dreaded or feared possible self

palliative

As the illness progresses, the ratio of ____ to active care increases steadily until by the end, the patient receives ___ care only (blanks same answer)

Establishment

By the time they reach the ___ stage (mid-20s to mid-40s), people are focused on achieving stability and attempt to remain within the same occupation. At the same time, people seek to move up the career ladder to managerial positions and higher.

widowhood

Contributing to the ___ effect are factors such as depression, psychosocial stress, chronic economic hardship, and loss of social support and environmental resources

U-shaped

Data in support of the ___ curve fail to take into account important controls such as health, marital status, and income

Cognitive

Factors that might contribute to the superior ____ performance of superagers appear to include cortical thickness, greater brain plasticity, an activated inflammatory response that protects the brain's white matter, improved connectivity in the default mode and information filtering networks in the brain, faster electrophysiological encoding, and a "super-aging" phenotype

Disengagement

Finally, in the ___ stage (mid-50s to mid-60s), workers begin to prepare for retirement, perhaps spending more time in their leisure pursuits.

CBT

For older adults with depression, the ___ involves helping clients understand the relationship between their mood and their involvement in pleasant and unpleasant events. The cognitive piece, further, involves therapists teaching their clients to be alert to and then try to change their negative thoughts about themselves

Emotional

For situations that can be changed, however, using ____ focused coping would mean that you fail to take advantage of steps to improve the situation that would cause it to be less of a problem in the future

Assisted living facility

Housing complexes in which older persons live independently in their own apartments. The residents of these facilities pay a regular monthly rent that usually includes meal service in communal dining rooms, transportation for shopping and appointments, social activities, and housekeeping services. These facilities are professionally managed and licensed and may represent one of several levels of care provided within the same housing community, including health care services, in some cases

Old age style

However many creative works that older artists and writers produce, and however old they are when they produce them, the __ ___ ____ is a special quality common to their work

problem

If the situation is one that cannot be changed, people only become more stressed if they keep trying to use ____ focused coping, particularly as their efforts deplete their coping resources.

Factor 2

In psychopathy, ____ incorporates the unstable and impulsive behaviors that contribute to the socially deviant lifestyle of the individual with this disorder

Factor 1

In psychopathy, ____ is a cluster of traits that represent disturbances in the capacity to experience emotions such as empathy, guilt, and remorse. This cluster also includes manipulativeness, egocentricity, and callousness.

maintenance

In the ___ stage (mid-40s to mid-50s), people attempt to hold onto their positions rather than to seek further advancement.

exploration

In the ____ stage (teens to mid-20s), people explore career alternatives and select a vocation that they will feel to express their self-concept.

Life space-life stages

In this model, there are three "lifestyle factors" that include environmental determinants, situational determinants, and personal determinants

Eminent minority productive agers

Jackie Robinson, the first African American to play major league baseball; Booker T. Washington, the first to receive an honorary degree from Harvard; and William Grant Still, the first to conduct a major symphony orchestra and to have his own composition performed by a major American orchestra. they attest to the ability of highly talented and persistent individuals to overcome the effects of discrimination

clinical interview

Many clinicians begin their assessment with a ______, a series of questions that they administer in face-to-face interactions with the client

Suicide

Older adults at greater risk of ___ suffer from higher rates of physical illness including cancer, epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, COPD, liver disease, osteoarthritis, prostate disorders, and spinal fracture. Have typically seen their primary care physician in the year before.

insecure

Older adults with _____ attachment styles may be more likely to experience social isolation than their securely attached counterparts

social

People with ____ anxiety disorder not only have difficulty in situations where they are actually being judged but also in situations that they believe involve the potential for judgment such as eating in the presence of other people

evening

People with the ____ chronotype tend to engage in unhealthier habits, such as exercising less, eating later, smoking more, and drinking more alcohol than those with the morning chronotype. Even after taking these unhealthier habits into account, those with this chronotype had elevated mortality risk.

Cognitive flexibility

Personality may also play a role in promoting creativity in later life as indicated by the finding that older individuals higher in openness to experience show greater activation of brain regions involved in maintaining ____ ____

Biopsychosocial

Physical changes and disease as well as the neuroscience underpinnings of creativity interact with personality and the ability to draw from experience. Limitations due to lack of educational opportunities and biases against women and minorities in counts of eminence play a role in determining which older individuals are recognized as creative are examples of the ____ model of creativity

RIASEC

Realistic (R), Investigative (I), Artistic (A), Social (S), Enterprising (E), and Conventional (C)

Resilience

Some people seem to be characteristically better able to cope with challenging life events. These are the individuals said to be high in ____

cost for living

The ____ in an assisted living facility may range from hundreds to thousands of dollars a month. In some states, funds may be available through government support programs for those who cannot afford to live in these facilities on their own. However, most residents pay the rental and other fees out of their own funds

paradox

The ____ of well-being exists, at least in part, because it contradicts the belief that well-being is determined by social indicators, or objective measures of social and economic welfare

callings

The factors that predict whether people will be able to achieve their ___ include person-environment congruence, career commitment, and sense of meaning in work

RIASEC model

The first letter reflects the primary code into which a person's interest or occupation falls ("S" for Social, for example). The second and third codes allow for a more accurate and differentiated picture of the individual or occupation. Both a construction worker and a corrections officer are R code occupations, and both have the RE code designation. They differ in their third code, which is C for the construction worker and S for the corrections officer

Gap

The overall gender ___ in 2017 was reported as 82%, or $770 per week for women compared to $941 for men

mental status examination

The second component of assessment that is particularly important in working with older adults is a ____ which assesses a client's current state of mind. the clinician assesses such qualities of the client as appearance, attitudes, behavior, mood and affect, speech, thought processes, content of thought, perception, cognition, insight, and judgment. The outcome is a comprehensive description of how the client looks, thinks, feels, and behaves

Decisions

The second theme of the midlife crisis involves making ____ about how to pursue the life structure during middle adulthood. During this time, the man questions his marriage, comes to grips with the maturing of adolescent children, handles promotions or demotions at work, and reflects on the state of the nation and the world.

older

The traditionally recognized "psychological" symptoms of depression, such as dysphoria (sad mood), guilt, low self-esteem, and suicidal thoughts are less likely to be acknowledged by ___ adults

polarities

Third theme of the midlife crisis, the man must resolve the ___ of his personality involving masculinity and femininity, feelings about life and death, and the needs for both autonomy and dependence on others

Title XX

To protect vulnerable adults, Adult Protective Services (APS) were mandated by ____ of the Social Security Act in 1975. Although a federal program, there is little or no funding attached to it. This means that the states are responsible for enforcing the regulations, and as a result, there is considerable variation in the definitions and reporting mechanisms for abuse

A

Type __ behavior pattern became known as a major risk factor for heart disease especially when they have high levels of hostility

social

Understanding the role of ___ support in mortality risk can also help explain the longstanding observation that people who are active in organized religion live longer than those who are not

Active aging

WHO model proposes that economic determinants, health & social services, behavioral determinants, personal determinants, physical environment, and social determinants all contribute to ____ _____

competence

When workers fulfill their ___ needs, they are able to feel a sense of mastery.

environmental

____ determinants could be a labor market

Hip

____ fracture presents another well-known risk to mortality, as it is known to initiate a cycle of institutionalization that can create its own adverse health consequences. However, even before leaving the hospital, 13% of patients requiring surgery developed a systemic septic (blood) infection that more than doubled the risk of mortality within 30 days of admission

Equity

____ theory proposes, that partners will constantly try to adjust their efforts to match each other's contribution to the relationship according to principles of fairness. The couple's relationship quality will erode if the amount one partner puts in does not match what the other partner contributes

situational

_____ determinants could be a period of history

personal

_____ determinants could be biological and psychological factors

Autonomy

_____ needs include the worker's desire to feel in control over the conditions under which the job is performed.

NHRA

a U.S. federal law that mandated that facilities must meet physical standards, provide adequate professional staffing and services, and maintain policies governing their administrative and medical procedures. specify that nursing homes must be licensed in accordance with state and local laws, including all applicable laws pertaining to staff, licensing, registration, fire, safety, and communicable diseases. They must have one or more physicians on call at all times, 24-hour nursing care services (including at least one full-time registered nurse), a range of rehabilitation and medical services, and activity programs

Administration for Community Living

a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, funds community-based organizations to help improve local Adult Protective Services agencies. also provides information that can be of use to individuals and families coping with elder abuse

Mini-Mental State Exam

a brief structured tool that clinicians use as a screening device to assess dementia. The questions include orientation to time, visuospatial skills (copying a simple design), and the ability to remember three words. Because it's so brief, it is widely used in primary care but it provides only a snapshot of an individual's mental state

Borderline personality disorder

a diagnosis given to people who show symptoms that include extreme instability in sense of self and relationships with others, sexual impulsivity, fear of abandonment, repeated suicide attempts, and difficulties controlling their emotions. Symptoms gradually shift from early to middle adulthood from inability to control emotions, impulsivity, and suicidality to problems in relationships and occasional periods of improvement

Uniform determination of death

a model state law that was adopted by most U.S. states. The term dying refers to the period during which the organism loses its vitality. These terms, as you will learn, are not always clear-cut, particularly with advances in life support technology that allow people to be kept alive almost indefinitely after an organ vital to survival has failed

Part D of Medicare

a prescription drug benefit plan that provides coverage for a portion of the enrollee's costs. pay a monthly premium that varies by plan and income

psychological assessment

a procedure in which a clinician provides a formal evaluation of an individual's cognitive, personality, and psychosocial functioning. An older adult may see a clinician for an assessment as part of a formal diagnostic process. The assessment may instead be used for the purpose of determining an older adult's legal competence or for planning appropriate levels of care for the older individual

Geriatric Depression Scale

a screening tool that asks individuals to answer a true-false set of questions about their symptoms and is well established for use with older adult populations, although its accuracy can be improved if family members are interviewed as well

Psychopathy

a set of traits that include lack of remorse and an impulsive lifestyle

altruism

acting to benefit other people in order to feel better

intergenerational solidarity

affectual, consensual, functional, normoactive, and structural make up the _____ model

consensual

agreement in values, beliefs, and lifestyles

mature defense mechanisms

allow you to feel better by channeling your anxiety into a constructive activity (such as cooking or gardening), stifle your feelings through suppression, and in anticipation, try to plan ahead so the problem will not seem quite so bad

intermediate defense mechanisms

allow you to turn your anxiety or other negative feelings into slightly more productive outlets

Part C of Medicare

also called Medicare Advantage, provides coverage in conjunction with private health plans. Individuals who have both Parts A and B can choose to get their benefits through a variety of risk-based plans, including health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), private fee-for-service plans, and a health insurance policy administered by the federal government

Accessory dwelling unit

also known as an "in-law apartment," is a second living space in the home that allows the older adult to have independent living quarters, cooking space, and a bathroom. People living in these units may also take advantage of day treatment services to receive support when the rest of the family is at work or school

mature defense mechanisms

altruism, humor

Calling

an individual's consuming passion for a particular career domain that serves people in some capacity and contributes to a sense of personal meaning and purpose

terminal illness trajectory

applies to people who have advance warning of a terminal illness such as cancer. They were functioning at a high level until the disease progressed to the point at which the body could no longer sustain life

Occupational environments

are the settings that elicit, develop, and reward specific interests, competencies, and behaviors of the individuals who work in those environments

emotional

as people perceive their time to be running out (as happens when people get older), ____ rewards gain in importance

Depression ageism

assume aging associated with depression. React to clients as to their own family members. Believe that older adults don't need special treatment. Set stage for harmful self-stereotypes.

structural

availability in terms of distance and health

Biopsychosocial model of creativity

biological: activation of relevant brain regions & physical changes and disease - psychological: personality flexibility and openness, ability to draw from experience --- sociocultural: educational background, definitions of eminence that exclude women and minorities.

good death

can have autonomy in making decisions about the type, site, and duration of care they receive at the end of life

peripheral ties

characterized by a high degree of closeness, for many years. neighbors, coworkers, professional contacts, gym buddies, friends of friends, or the parents of one's children's friends. These relationships may be amicable and cordial but never progress beyond this level

Type D personality

characterizing people with high levels of anxiety, loneliness, and depression who try to suppress their feelings

U-shaped curve of happiness

claimed to show a steep dip in happiness during the broad swath of midlife

Evidence-based practice

clinicians should integrate the best available research evidence and clinical expertise in the context of the cultural background, preferences, and characteristics of their clients. Consequently, mental health professionals need to be able to adapt their treatment modality that provides the best fit to the patient's diagnosis

Type A behavior pattern

collection of traits that include being highly competitive, impatient, feeling a strong sense of time urgency, and highly achievement-oriented

OSCAR

collects information from state surveys of all the certified nursing facilities in the United States, which is entered into a uniform database. Surveyors assess both the process and the outcomes of nursing home care in 15 major areas. Each of these areas has specific regulations, which state surveyors review to determine whether facilities have met the standards. When a facility fails to meet a standard, a deficiency or citation is given

NNHQI

combined new information for consumers about the quality of care provided in individual nursing homes with resources available to nursing homes to improve the quality of care in their facilities. initiative also included a provision to train volunteers to serve as ombudspersons. The role of the ombudspersons is to help families and residents on a daily basis to find nursing homes that provide the highest possible quality of care and to give consumers the tools they need to make an informed, educated decision on selecting a nursing home

normative

commitment to fulfill family obligations

Medicare Part A

coverage includes all medically necessary services and supplies provided during a patient's stay in the hospital and subsequent rehabilitation in an approved facility. This includes the cost of a semiprivate hospital room, meals, regular nursing services, operating and recovery room, intensive care, inpatient prescription drugs, laboratory tests, X-rays, psychiatric care, and inpatient rehabilitation. Luxury items, cosmetic surgery, vision care, private nursing, private rooms (unless necessary for medical reasons), and rentals of television and telephone are not included in coverage

equal odds rule

creative individuals who produce more works are more likely to produce one or more of high quality than those who produce fewer works

tamed death

death was viewed as familiar and simple, a transition to eternal life. Death and dying were events that involved the entire community, supported by specific prayers and practices

Successful cognitive aging

defined as cognitive performance that is above the average for an individual's age group as objectively measured

Superagers

defined as individuals 80 years and older with episodic memory that is comparable to, or superior than, that of middle-aged adults

Kubler-Ross' stages of dying

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. to reach acceptance of a fatal illness, the dying person must be allowed to talk openly with family members and health care workers. Rather than hide the diagnosis or pretend that everything will be all right, those who interact with the dying individual need to give that person a chance to express the many emotions that surface, ranging from fury to dejection.

immature defense mechanisms

denial, projection, passive aggression

empty nest

describes the period in a couple's life that occurs when their children permanently depart from the home

Bipolar disorder

diagnosed in people who have experienced one or more manic episodes during which they feel elated, grandiose, expansive, and highly energetic

Chronic grief

did not subside during the study period of 18 months after the death of a spouse

intermediate defense mechanisms

displacement, repression, reaction formation

Planck hypothesis

earlier peaks are reached in the sciences and in fields in which success was dependent on intellectual imagination and physical ability. the tendency of peak scientific productivity to occur in early adulthood

Midlife crisis

efers to a period of self-scrutiny and reevaluation of goals triggered by the individual's entry into middle age

Vaillant's defense mechanisms

emphasizes the development of defense

Empty nest syndrome

empty nest can pose challenges for some couples. Ina study women were more likely than men to present ____

Identity status model

examines the degree of commitment held by the individual to identity issues and the degree of exploration the individual used to arrive at this commitment

blurred retirement pattern

exit and reenter the labor force several times

Geropsychologists

expected to be aware of their attitudes and beliefs about aging, to have general knowledge about the aging process, understand psychopathology in older adults, learn to use and interpret appropriate assessment tools, and be aware of the best practices in service provision. are also expected to gain continuing education in the field to stay abreast of the latest developments

Work-family enrichment

experiences in one role improve the quality of life in the other. This model is based on the theory of conservation of resources, which proposes that organizations can protect their workers against stress by providing them with support to maintain both their work and family roles

Gender gap

expressed as a proportion of women's to men's salaries

discerning individuals

extremely selective in their choice of friends, retaining a small number of very close friends throughout their lives

conscientiousness

facets of self-control, organization, industriousness, and responsibility were related to lower body fat, healthier metabolic, cardiovascular and inflammatory markers, and better performance on physical assessments

avoidant attachment style

fear of abandonment so intense that they stay away from close relationships altogether

secure attachment style

feel confident about themselves and confident that others will treat them well

affectual

feelings

disillusionment

first theme of the midlife crisis is overcoming _____ due to failure to achieve the dreams of youth that inevitably cannot be fully realized. The individual must then establish a new set of more realistic aspirations.

Palliative care

focusing on controlling pain and other symptoms, and it is likely to take place within the home, beginning when the patient no longer wishes to receive active disease treatment. a request by dying patients that will provide them with relief from symptoms such as nausea, pain, and dyspnea as well as with some services such as physical and occupational therapy

Informational rewards

give you new knowledge

emotional rewards

give you positive feelings

Patient Self-Determination Act

guarantees the right of all competent adults to have an active role in decisions about their care. guarantees that prior to becoming ill, an individual can put in writing his or her wishes regarding end-of-life treatment

functional

help exchange

Achieved

high commitment & high exploration

Meandering way

identity accommodation was used on which pathway?

Straight and narrow

identity assimilation was used on which pathway?

Authentic road

identity balance was used on which pathway?

anxious attachment style

imagine that their adult partners will also abandon them after being abandoned as an infant

ADLs

in addition to psychological assessment tools, clinicians evaluating older adults also measure their ability to perform ___

Structural ambivalence

in family relations means that society's structures do not make clear how family members should behave

Aides, registered nurses

in nursing facilities there are typically more ____ than there are ____

practical adaptions

include the set of life changes that accompany the death, including taking on new tasks or functions, called the "restoration-oriented". The "loss-oriented" involves coping with the direct emotional consequences of the death

affect regulation

increasing your feelings of happiness and well-being

Social anxiety disorder

individual experiences extreme anxiety about being watched by other people. The term, which was formerly called social phobia, is somewhat misleading in that it is not literally a fear of other people but a fear of being publicly embarrassed or made to look foolish

Straight and narrow pathway

individuals who made virtually no self-initiated life changes but instead maintained highly consistent patterns for decades

OSCAR scorecard

infection control, protect from accidents, food sanitation, care and services

immature defense mechanisms

involve reacting to a stressful situation in a way that fails to contain your emotions or help you feel better

realistic occupations

involve work with one's hands

social occupations

involve work with people

loss-oriented

involves coping with the direct emotional consequences of the death

crisp retirement pattern

leave the labor force in a single, unreversed, clear-cut exit

Authentic road pathway

made a series of changes in their lives, but with each change, sought greater identity clarity and opportunities for growth

Downward slope pattern

made a series of decisions throughout their lives, which set the stage for unfulfilling outcomes such as leaving public service and entering a profitable, but unsatisfying, profession

Health care proxy

make decisions to act on their behalf should the patient become incapacitated.

independent friendship style

may enjoy friendly, satisfying, and cordial relationships with people but never form close or intimate friendships

bipolar II

may have experienced depression and at least one "hypomanic" episode, in which their manic symptoms lasted for less than a week

bipolar I

may or may not have experienced a period of significant depression along with being manic for at least a week

Conflict resolution

mediation is increasingly being seen as an effective means of ______

Attachment style

mental representations or frameworks about what to expect in a relationship. These mental representations form models not only of relationships but also of the self, and so they are important for understanding both an individual's personality and close relationships

depression

mobility limitations and pain due to musculoskeletal-related illnesses, including arthritis and hip fracture. The chronic conditions of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hypertension, stroke, sensory impairments, sleep disturbance, tooth loss and deficiency in vitamins D and K are additional risk factors for ____ in older adults

diffuse

more likely to engage in delinquent and drug-related behaviors as well as having low self-esteem

Moratorium

no commitment but still have exploration

diffuse

no exploration & no commitment

third dying trajectory

occurs in cases of death due to the progressive failures of organs as in COPD and chronic heart failure, as well as in other conditions such as kidney failure. The individual's death will occur over a prolonged period with a series of dips and recoveries until the organ failure completely compromises life

secure

older adults recalling their childhood in terms of a ___ attachment style report being happier on a daily basis

Adult day services

older adults who need assistance or supervision during the day receive a range of services in a setting that is either attached to another facility, such as a nursing home, or is a standalone agency. Depending on the site, the services provided can include medication management, physical therapy, meals, medical care, counseling, education, and opportunities for socialization

Personality

openness ____ increases creativity in a person

Improvement

openness to change, greater expertise, fewer absences, know the ropes, fewer injuries and work factors that contribute to ____ on the score card

informational rewards

ought out people who seemed to know the most about how to get started, and who could also guide you to the places you needed to find

Mindfulness

part of CBT. patients learn to attend to the details of their experiences as they become guided in "living in the moment." effective in improving positive affect, reducing anxiety, and also having the added benefits of improving cognition as well as reducing insomnia and lower back pain

problem-focused coping

people attempt to reduce their stress by changing something about the situation

Emotion-focused coping

people attempt to reduce their stress by changing the ways they think about the situation

Hoarding disorder

people collect and store seemingly useless items that they cannot discard. Symptoms worsen over adulthood

Air

people exposed to ___ pollution can increase mortality risks. This can also be an environmental factor as it is more intense in certain areas

Triumphant trail pathway

people who did not seek change specifically, but instead were handed significant challenges that they were able to overcome such as death of children, spouses, and partners

Meandering way

people who made a series of very different life commitments, but never seemed to settle on one direction to follow

PTSD

people whose trauma symptoms persist for more than a month. at risk not only for the psychological consequences of the disorder but also for poorer physical health, including metabolic syndrome

Late bloomers

people with high degrees of creative potential but don't start out until later in life

types of elder abuse

physical abuse, psychological abuse, financial exploitation, neglect, and sexual abuse

Decline

physical exertion, shift work, age bias, lack of collaboration, and cognitive effort are job factors that contribute to ___ on the score card

Dual-process model of bereavement

practical adaptations to loss are regarded as important to the bereaved person's adjustment as the emotional

Competence-press model

predicts an optimal level of adjustment that institutionalized persons will experience when their levels of competence match the demands, or "press," of the institutional environment. environments vary in their levels of press, or stress, and therefore in the maximum level of affect and adaptation they provide

Death ethos

prevailing philosophy of death, can be inferred from funeral rituals, treatment of those who are dying, belief in the presence of ghosts, belief in an afterlife, the extent to which death topics are taboo, the language people use to describe death (through euphemisms such as "passed away"), and the representation of death in the arts

Culture change movement

promotes person-centered care, allowing individuals to feel "at home" despite living in institutional settings. The goal is to transform services for older adults by adopting care to the needs of the individual in innovative ways

death with dignity

proposed that the period of dying should not subject the individual to extreme physical dependency or loss of control of bodily functions. This idea now lies behind efforts in the medical community for dying patients and their families to bring death back into the home

Life course retirement theory

proposes that changes in the work role in later life are best seen as logical outgrowths of earlier life events. The factors that shaped the individual's prior vocational development will have a persisting influence throughout retirement

intergenerational stake hypothesis

proposes that parents are higher in affectual solidarity toward their children than children are toward their parents

Equity theory

proposes that partners are satisfied in a relationship if they feel they are getting what they deserve. This means that they seek to get as much out of the relationship as they put into it

Intergenerational solidarity model

proposes that six independent dimensions of solidarity characterize adult family relationship

Adult attachment theory

proposes that the early bond between the infant and caregiver set the stage for all of the individual's later significant relationships

Possible selves

proposes that the individual's view of the self, or self-schema, guides the choice and pursuit of future endeavors. what are you now, and what could you be in the future?

Terror Management Theory

proposes that when people's thoughts of death are activated, either consciously or unconsciously, they can experience a wide range of beneficial effects. They may adopt better health habits, be more focused on intrinsic rather than extrinsic goals, show more compassion, and be more motivated to have close interpersonal relationships. People may even be more creative, less likely to hold stereotypes, and feel greater attachment to their community.

Self-determination theory

proposes that workers attempt to fulfill their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness

safe havens

provide them with emotional security during times of stress (ex. Pets)

Medicare Part B

provides benefits for a range of medical services available to people who receive Medicare Part A. The amount an individual pays varies according to his or her income. services include preventive treatments, including glaucoma and diabetes screenings as well as bone scans, mammograms, and colonoscopies. Other covered services include laboratory tests, chiropractor visits, eye exams, dialysis, mental health care, occupational therapy, outpatient treatment, flu shots, and home health services. A one-time physical examination is also included

Geriatric partial hospital

provides older adults living in the community who need psychiatric care with a range of mental health services

acquisitive friendship style

readily able to make and retain close friendships throughout their lives and therefore have a large social network

RIASEC model

referring to the six basic types that characterize an individual's vocational interests

Paradox of well-being

refers to the findings from research on successful aging that older adults maintain high subjective well-being despite facing challenges from their objective circumstances.

Relatedness

refers to the need to feel connected to others. In the ideal situation, workers experience a sense of self-determination, in which they are expressing their true interests and abilities (similar to intrinsic factors), are able to have a voice in what happens to them at work (similar to extrinsic factors), and share a sense of belongingness with their fellow workers

Age in place

refers to the principle that with appropriate services, older adults can remain in their own homes, or at least in their own communities

emotional rewards

seek out people who help you feel good about yourself and your life. These are the people you turn to when you're feeling lonely, depressed, or stressed in hopes that they will make you feel better

Siblings

share a genetic background; those who have been raised together share many experiences dating to early childhood. By the time they reach later adulthood, it is quite possible that they are the only remaining members of their original family and have known each other longer than anyone else they have known in their entire lives

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

short-term and transportable, problem-solving therapy, reduce suicide, sleep problems, and pain. Increase relaxation, mindfulness & exercise

Generativity

showing care and concern for guiding the next generation, it would follow that parents would be higher in generativity than nonparents

Fear of falling

significant risk factor that can impact the health of older adults. CBT can target this as one component of intervention along with exercise training

Positive

some ____ features of the old age style include more expression, less realistic, accumulation of symbolism, more freedom in use of paint strokes, richer in meaning

Negative

some ____ features of the old age style include more pessimistic view of life, sense of isolation, choice of tragic themes, and feeling of imminent departure

Foreclosed

status appear to be higher in self-esteem but closed-minded and rigid

Achieved

status tend to be balanced in their thinking, mature in their relationships to others, and thoughtful about their life options

Moratorium

status tend to be open and curious, on the positive side, and also anxious, depressed, and low in self-esteem

Foreclosure

strong identity commitments without exploration

Neuroscience support on creativity

studying the connections between the brain's default brain network and the executive functions carried out in the prefrontal cortex. pathways involved in the default network may be involved in successful cognitive aging. The default network would support creative thinking in the stage at which individuals come up with new ideas. Evaluating the quality of these ideas would be the task of the executive control network. Older adults with higher scores on divergent thinking task performance (e.g., coming up with as many uses of a common object as possible) showed stronger connections between these two brain regions than was true for younger adults

restoration-oriented

taking on new tasks or functions to cope with a death

One-hit wonders

term for people in the music world who have low creative potential and continue to do the same thing over and over without variation

terror

the ___ part of terror management suggests that heightened awareness of death can come at a price. Awareness of mortality can be beneficial to people who are able to cope with stressful situations. Others who lack this ability may experience greater levels of anxiety and lower well-being

Resilience

the ability to recover from stress

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

the clinician encourages clients to develop more adaptive behaviors and ways of thinking about their experiences. advantages include being relatively short term (as few as seven sessions) and deliverable via audio therapy (delivered with audio CDs) and computer-based teletherapy

social indicator model of well-being

the demographic and social structural variables account for individual differences in levels of well-being. Because by demographic standards older individuals are in a disadvantaged position on these indices, they should therefore be less happy than the young. When an older adult is able to avoid becoming depressed by the potentially disturbing circumstances of poor health, widowhood, and low income, then that person seems deserving of some kind of special recognition

Peaceful awareness

the dying individual attempts to achieve a peaceful resolution with past mistakes and events that can no longer be made up for or changed

Filial anxiety

the fear of having to take care of an aging, infirmed parent

Sudden death trajectory

the individual is at a high level of functioning until the death suddenly occurs. applies to people in good health whose death is due to an accidental cause. can also apply to people who die due to an unanticipated medical event, such as heat stroke or sudden cardiac failure

major depressive disorder

the major symptom is an extremely sad mood that lasts most of the time for at least 2 weeks and is not typical of the individual's usual mood. The individual may also experience other symptoms including appetite and sleep disturbances, feelings of guilt, difficulty concentrating, and a low sense of self-worth

Adult

the most intense bereavement reaction comes from the death of an ___ child.

dreaded possible self

the opposite of the hoped-for possible self. With regard to health, most people would rather not become ill and so they will take action to avoid that outcome

hoped-for possible self

the person you would like to be

invisible death

the preference that the dying retreat from the family and spend their final days confined in a hospital setting

Bereavement

the process during which people cope with the death of another person. A process that can affect anyone, regardless of age, more likely to take place in later adulthood when people have an increased risk of losing their spouse, siblings, extended family, friends, colleagues, and neighbors

WHO active ageing model

the process of optimizing opportunities for health, participation, and security in order to enhance quality of life as people age

dyadic withdrawal

the process of reducing the individual friendships of the couple and increasing the joint friendships

social death

the process through which the dying become treated as nonpersons by family or health care workers as they are left to spend their final days in the hospital or nursing home.

Dying trajectories

the temporal pattern of the disease process leading to a patient's death

Creative potential

the total number of works that a person could hypothetically produce in a life span with no upper limits. The grandmother with a seemingly infinite supply of cupcake ideas would, in this model, be high in this

Socioemotional selectivity theory

the view that people seek to maximize the positive emotions they experience in their relationships

Retirement

the withdrawal of an individual in later life from the labor force

Communicative ecology model

their own ways of seeing, and talking about, themselves can influence the way older adults feel about aging and, ultimately, their actual ability to age successfully. people have great uncertainty about aging, which influences the way they talk about their own aging. The communication strategies they use in response to this uncertainty can alter their levels of self-efficacy about aging. Greater the self-efficacy, greater ability to age successfully.

widowhood effect

there is a greater probability of death in those who have become widowed compared to those who are married

humor

to see the funny side of even the worst situations

Acute rehabilitation

typically follows hospitalization. residents receive intensive treatment to restore previous levels of functioning

Elder abuse

used to refer to a large category of actions taken directly against older adults that inflict physical or psychological harm

Erikson

viewed generativity as not just having children but also successfully parenting them

bridge employment

when retirees work in a completely different occupation than they had during most of their adult life. For example, an insurance agent may retire from the insurance business but work as a crossing guard or server at a fast-food restaurant. Strongly related to financial need

donut hole

when the coverage gap, or ___ begins in which recipients pay more for generic drugs (37% instead of 25%); brand name drugs remain the same (25%). Once their drug costs total $5,100, out-of-pocket payments for enrollees become reduced to 5% of the drug's costs (or $3.40 for generic and $8.50 for brand name).

Vaillant

who believed people use increasingly mature and adaptive defenses and fewer immature and maladaptive ways of minimizing anxiety?

reaction formation

you act in a way opposite to your true feelings

projection

you blame others, in acting out you release your feelings impulsively

repression

you forget an unpleasant experience

denial

you refuse to acknowledge a bad situation

displacement

you transfer perhaps your angry feelings from their true target to someone who is less threatening

passive aggression

you try to get back at others by finding a way to harm them without being obvious about it

realistic environment

you will be expected to complete activities that make use of your ability to work with things rather than your ability to work with people

health-related possible self

your hope that you will remain in good shape and free of disease