Psych 333 Chapter 5

77. What compulsive behaviors do individuals with body dysmorphic behavior engage in? a. Excessive grooming b. Skin-picking c. Excessive mirror checking d. Comparing themselves to others e. All of the above

e. All of the above

55. Are obsessions and compulsions the same thing? a. Yes, they are both repetitive thoughts, urges, or images. b. No, compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual typically performs in response to an obsession which is an intrusive thought urge or image c. No, obsessions happen through compulsion d. Yes, both happen at the same time and the person has no control over it e. None of the above

b. No, compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual typically performs in response to an obsession which is an intrusive thought urge or image

11. What is an example of an obsession? a. Repeatedly washing your hands. b. Persistent thoughts about contamination. c. Saying words over and over again d. Count to 10 backwards and forwards 10 times e. All the above are examples of an obsession

b. Persistent thoughts about contamination.

75. Obsessions are defined as a. Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual typically performs in response to an obsession. b. Repetitive and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images c. Washing hands, organizing objects in a symmetrical manner, and repeating specific words. d. Perceived defect or flaw in physical appearance. e. A and C

b. Repetitive and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images

48. Which of the following obsessions best highlights an ego-dystonic obsession? a. A professor having obsessive thoughts about whether she remembered to feed her dog this morning b. A doctor obsessively questioning whether he properly completed his paperwork c. A priest having obsessive blasphemous thoughts d. A student having obsessive thoughts about contamination e. A mother having obsessive thoughts about whether her kids are safe at school

c. A priest having obsessive blasphemous thoughts

16. Which is an example of Body Dysmorphia Disorder? a. An individual concerned about their scars from falling off a tree when they were a kid b. An individual concerned with their sister's body weight c. An individual concerned with their hair thinning without their hair actually thinning d. An individual concerned with their outfit

c. An individual concerned with their hair thinning without their hair actually thinning

74. Which treatment was created especially for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? a. Deep Brain Stimulation b. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy c. Exposure and Response Prevention d. SSRIs e. Panic Control Treatment

c. Exposure and Response Prevention

52. ______ are defined as repetitive and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images. ______ are defined as repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual typically performs in response to an obsession. a. Compulsions, obsessions b. Manic episodes, delusions c. Obsessions, compulsions d. Infatuation, obsession e. Delusions, compulsions

c. Obsessions, compulsions

24. Which of the following is NOT an example of a compulsion? a. Repeatedly washing one's hands b. Ordering objects c. Repeated doubts that a door is not locked d. Praying e. Repeating words silently

c. Repeated doubts that a door is not locked

30. In order to meet criteria A for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) a. Obsessions must be present b. Compulsions must be present c. Obsessions and Compulsions must be present d. Obsessions and/or Compulsions must be present

d. Obsessions and/or Compulsions must be present

63. Body dysmorphic order falls under which class of disorder? a. Mood disorders b. Anxiety disorders c. Depressive disorders d. Obsessive compulsive and related disorders e. Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

d. Obsessive compulsive and related disorders

43. What is an example of a compulsion? a. Priest having blasphemous thoughts b. Thinking that not washing their hands will cause their whole family to die from a disease c. Constant thoughts that the front door wasn't locked d. Repeated hand washing

d. Repeated hand washing

7. What is it called when an individual believes that their thoughts are the moral equivalent of them committing that action and/or that their thoughts will increase the likelihood of something bad happening? a. Ego-dystonic thoughts b. Inflated Responsibility c. Anhedonia d. Thought Action Fusion e. Information Transmission

d. Thought Action Fusion

78. What is it called when an individual believes that their thoughts are the moral equivalent of them committing that action and/or increase the likelihood of something terrible happening? a. Ego-dystonic thoughts b. Inflated Responsibility c. Anhedonia d. Thought-Action Fusion e. Information Transmission

d. Thought-Action Fusion

61. Which of the following treatments for OCD involves implanting electrodes into the nucleus accumbens that sends electrical impulses to stimulate this brain region? a. psychosurgery b. cognitive behavioral therapy c. exposure and response prevention therapy d. deep brain stimulation

d. deep brain stimulation

20. According to the DSM, to diagnose OCD the individual needs to have... a. obsessions b. compulsions c. both obsessions and compulsions d. obsessions or compulsions or both

d. obsessions or compulsions or both

64. Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the influence of heredity on OCD? a. Monozygotic twins have a higher concordance rate than dizygotic twins. b. First degree relatives are twice as susceptible to develop OCD. c. Control families have higher rates of obsessions and compulsions. d. Dizygotic twins have a higher concordance rate than monozygotic twins. e. A and B

e. A and B

51. What is/are some biological factors of OCD? a. Brain injury/insult b. Over-activity in the noradrenergic system c. Elevated levels of dopamine d. Infectious agents and post-infectious autoimmune syndrome e. A and D

e. A and D

39. Which of the following could contribute to the etiology of body dysmorphic disorder? a. Living in a society that heavily values and emphasizes beauty b. Dealing with past experience with childhood neglect and abuse c. Having an attentional bias towards beauty and attractiveness d. Being born in a family of higher socioeconomic status e. A, B, and C

e. A, B, and C

1. What is a specifier for Body Dysmorphic Disorder? a. With good or fair insight b. With poor insight c. With absent insight/delusional beliefs d. B & C e. All of the above

e. All of the above

32. What are the psychological contributing factors of Body Dysmorphic Disorder? a. Childhood neglect and abuse b. More likely to have been teased about their appearance c. May believe they are worthless if they aren't attractive d. Attentional bias towards beauty and attractiveness e. All of the above

e. All of the above

54. What are potential psychological factors for Body Dysmorphic Disorder? a. Childhood neglect or abuse b. Being teased about their appearance c. May believe they are worthless if they are not attractive d. Attentional bias towards beauty and attractiveness e. All of the above

e. All of the above

27. Which of the following is NOT categorized as an obsessive-compulsive and related disorder? a. Body dysmorphic disorder b. Obsessive compulsive disorder c. Hoarding disorder d. Trichotillomania e. All of the above are categorized as OCD and related disorders

e. All of the above are categorized as OCD and related disorders

14. Compulsions are defined by: a. Obsessions b. Repetitive Behaviors c. Repetitive Mental Acts d. Neutralization e. B and C

e. B and C

44. What does thought-action fusion mean? a. When you believe that you have both compulsion and obsessions b. When you develop or have a brain tumor, encephalitis, head injury c. A belief that thoughts are the moral equivalent of actions d. A belief that negative thoughts increase the likelihood that something terrible will happen e. C and D

e. C and D

21. Which of the following are obsessions? a. Closing the door 17 times before leaving for work so can avoid a car accident b. Checking if you locked your door for the 6th time so your home won't catch fire c. Counting all your teeth, fingers, and toes 5 times so your mother won't die d. Washing your hands 9 times so you don't get mauled by a bear e. None of the above (these are all compulsions)

e. None of the above (these are all compulsions)

37. Which of the following is NOT true about Body Dysmorphic Disorder? a. Individuals perceive a flaw or defect as ugly b. Individuals are concerned about looking unattractive or like a monster c. Individuals can be focused on more than one body part d. Preoccupations are intrusive, unwanted and time consuming e. Others can easily see the flaw or defect the individual is focused on

e. Others can easily see the flaw or defect the individual is focused on

68. What disorder/s are NOT included in the new Obsessive-Compulsive section of the DSM-5 a. Body Dysmorphic Disorder b. Trichotillomania c. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder d. Hoarding Disorder e. Tic Disorder

e. Tic Disorder

6. What is a radical last resort to treating OCD? a. Deep Brain Stimulation b. Exposure and response prevention c. Psychosurgery d. Cognitive behavioral therapy e. a and c

e. a and c

35. How likely is it that a person will develop OCD if she has a first-degree biological relative with a childhood onset of OCD? a. 10 times more likely to develop OCD b. 2 times more likely to develop OCD c. 5 times more likely to develop OCD d. 12 times more likely to develop OCD e. 8 times more likely to develop OCD

a. 10 times more likely to develop OCD

65. Which is NOT a contributing factor to Body Dysmorphic Disorder? a. A parent diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder b. Dysfunctional belief that unattractiveness is equal to worthlessness c. A parent diagnosed with OCD d. Childhood neglect and abuse e. Societal values that emphasize beauty

a. A parent diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder

5. Which of the following statements about BDD is incorrect? a. An individual who has a congenital facial defect or a burn victim who is concerned about scars is an example of an individual with BDD b. Obsessions with defects or flaws are not observable to others c. Women are more likely to present with a comorbid eating disorder d. Individuals spend a considerable amount of time preoccupied with his/her appearance (i.e., on average 3-8 hours a day) e. Gender-based prevalence rates indicate a fairly balanced sex ratio

a. An individual who has a congenital facial defect or a burn victim who is concerned about scars is an example of an individual with BDD

25. Currently, what is the best working treatment option for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)? a. Exposure and Response Prevention b. Rational Emotive Therapy c. Clomipramine or SSRI's d. Both a and b e. None of the Above

a. Exposure and Response Prevention

33. Jim is diagnosed with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). What form(s) of treatment would be the most effective to treat Jim. a. Exposure and response prevention (ERP) b. Deep brain stimulation c. Medication (SRIs) d. Electroconvulsive therapy

a. Exposure and response prevention (ERP)

67. What is Exposure and Response Prevention? a. Involves implanting electrodes into the nucleus accumbens that sends electrical impulses to stimulate this brain region (like a pace maker for the brain) b. Individuals are gradually exposed to their feared stimuli (e.g., contamination) while resisting engaging in compulsions (e.g., washing) c. Focuses on identifying and challenging dysfunctional beliefs d. Flooding e. A form of biofeedback

b. Individuals are gradually exposed to their feared stimuli (e.g., contamination) while resisting engaging in compulsions (e.g., washing)

59. What is the sex ratio of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in adults? (Men: Women) a. 1:1 b. 1:1.5 c. 1.5:1 d. 1:2 e. 2:1

a. 1:1

76. The point prevalence rate for BDD among U.S. adults is? a. 6.3% b. 0.4% c. 1.1% d. 1.5% e. 2.4%

e. 2.4%

15. What treatments are used for OCD? a. Medication (SRI's) b. Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) c. Psychosurgery d. Deep Brain Stimulation e. All of the above

e. All of the above

38. What is the name for the disorder that is characterized by excessive skin picking? a. Body Dysmorphic Disorder b. Hoarding Disorder c. Trichotillomania Disorder d. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder e. Excoriation Disorder

e. Excoriation Disorder

4. According to the DSM-5, the typical age of onset for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is ___. a. 16 b. 21 c. 19.5 d. 18.5 e. 25

c. 19.5

31. Dizygotic twins are more likely to both have OCD than monozygotic twins. a. True b. False

b. False

73. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for being diagnosed with BDD? a. Hallucinations and catatonic behavior present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period b. Preoccupation with a perceived flaw in appearance that is not to others c. The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning d. Performed repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to the appearance concerns e. All of the above are criterion for being diagnosed with BDD

a. Hallucinations and catatonic behavior present for a significant portion of time during a 1-month period

47. Which of the following is NOT a treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder? a. Lithium b. Exposure and Response Prevention c. Deep Brain Stimulation d. SSRIs e. Psychosurgery

a. Lithium

71. ________ are defined as repetitive and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images. a. Obsessions b. Compulsions c. Tourette d. Tics e. Social Phobia

a. Obsessions

26. Which of the following describes the main criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. Recurrent and persistent thoughts and urges, that cause anxiety or distress b. Concentration with one or more perceived defects or flaws in appearance that aren't observable or noticeable to others c. Anticipation of future threat d. Recurrent or unexpected panic attacks.

a. Recurrent and persistent thoughts and urges, that cause anxiety or distress

19. Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is another obsessive-compulsive disorder, however, the focus of these obsessions are with a perceived defect or flaw in physical appearance. A key feature of these obsessions with defects or flaws are that they are not observable to others. Is this True or False? a. True b. False

a. True

42. Monozygotic twins (identical) are more likely to both have OCD than dizygotic twins (fraternal) True or False. a. True. b. False.

a. True.

28. One of the most effective treatment for both OCD and BDD is ______. a. exposure and response therapy b. psychoanalysis c. logical reasoning d. mindfulness based stress reduction e. self-management skills

a. exposure and response therapy

72. If your mother was diagnosed with OCD as a child, how many times more likely is it that you will also be diagnosed with OCD? a. 2 times more likely b. 10 times more likely c. 20 times more likely d. There's not enough information to know e. OCD cannot be genetically passed down

b. 10 times more likely

41. What is the mean onset age of obsessive-compulsive disorder? a. 25 b. 19.5 c. 14 d. 35 e. Over 50

b. 19.5

8. Masen is a from a very small town and has been homeschooled for his entire life, and he is now beginning his first year of college. He has always been incredibly insecure about his looks ever since he was a young boy. He is particularly insecure about the size of his nose despite it being normal in size. His entire life, he has always wanted a smaller nose, but has never been happy with the way it looks. Now that he is in college, he is petrified of other people looking at the size of his nose and thinking he is repulsive. Instead of going to classes, he has been looking into rhinoplasty surgeries to decrease the size of his nose. Several months in, Masen decides to drop out of college where he will not be exposed to as many people. He started working a low-profile job so that he can save up for plastic surgery. In the course of 3 years, Masen eventually received 3 rhinoplasties, and is still unsatisfied with his appearance and constantly worries about the way he is perceived by others. What disorder does Masen most likely have? a. Major Depressive Disorder b. Body Dysmorphic Disorder c. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder d. Panic Disorder e. Social Anxiety Disorder

b. Body Dysmorphic Disorder

22. What is the best treatment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder? a. Plastic Surgery b. Exposure and response therapy c. SSRIs d. Cannabis e. Psychopharmacology

b. Exposure and response therapy

13. True or False: OCD is considered a type of anxiety disorder. a. True b. False

b. False

18. Which of the following is NOT included in the Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders section of the DSM 5? a. Body Dysmorphic Disorder b. Generalized Anxiety Disorder c. Hoarding Disorder d. Excoriation Disorder e. Trichotillomania

b. Generalized Anxiety Disorder

50. Which of these is a good example of exposure and response prevention? a. Sneezing and forcing the person not to grab a tissue for you b. Having the person touch a drop of pee and not wash his/her hands afterwards c. Forcing a person to wash their hands after going to the bathroom d. Making the person check their stove to make sure their stove is off every time they are worried about it

b. Having the person touch a drop of pee and not wash his/her hands afterwards

57. Which description fits best with someone who may be starting to suffer from BDD? a. Brad, who is a 21-year-old college student that seems to have a problem with drinking. He continues to go out every night and ignores his homework and school responsibilities. b. Tanya, a 14-year-old who repeatedly checks the mirror before she heads to school to look at her nose and other face blemishes that she believes look hideous but that others think look fine. c. Chris, a 50-year-old that can't seem to keep a job stable to support his family. Every job he has, Chris seems to get fired due to his laziness. d. Kathy, a young mom that is restless almost every single day due to her four kids. She finds herself getting no sleep because she is a single parent struggling to keep an eye on every child. e. Carmen, a new college freshman that is having a hard time fitting in on her dormitory floor. She can't seem to make friends and is slowly beginning to isolate herself from other people, including her family.

b. Tanya, a 14-year-old who repeatedly checks the mirror before she heads to school to look at her nose and other face blemishes that she believes look hideous but that others think look fine.

3. Which of the following best describes an individual with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder with poor insight? a. The individual is completely convinced that the obsessive-compulsive beliefs are true b. The individual thinks the obsessive-compulsive beliefs are probably true c. The individual recognizes that the obsessive-compulsive beliefs are definitely or probably not true or that they may or may not be true. d. None of the above

b. The individual thinks the obsessive-compulsive beliefs are probably true

62. What is it called when individuals believe that thoughts are the moral equivalent of actions and/or that negative thoughts increase the likelihood that something terrible will happen? a. Ego dystonic b. Thought-action fusion c. Trichotillomania d. Agoraphobia e. Ideas/delusions of reference

b. Thought-action fusion

34. Which statement about OCD is FALSE? a. To be diagnosed with OCD the obsessions/compulsions must be time-consuming b. To be diagnosed with OCD you must experience both compulsions and obsessions c. To be diagnosed with OCD the symptoms cannot be from the effects of substance abuse

b. To be diagnosed with OCD you must experience both compulsions and obsessions

53. Someone who is completely convinced that their teeth are hideous and abnormal and they don't believe anyone who tells them otherwise most likely would be diagnosed with Body Dysmorphic Disorder... a. With good insight b. With absent insight c. and Anxiety d. and Depression e. With poor insight

b. With absent insight

66. Kevin has been diagnosed with having body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). He is a 20-year-old college student and believes that he is quickly balding. Although Kevin might have thin hair, it is not noticeable to anyone around him. Despite this, Kevin has extreme concerns that he will become bald in the near future. Which of the following insight specifiers should be applied to Kevin's diagnosis of BDD? a. With good or fair insight b. With absent insight c. With poor insight d. A and B e. None of the above

b. With absent insight

2. Some who believes the house definitely will burn down if they don't check the stove 30 can be diagnosed with what OCD specifier? a. With good or fair insight b. With absent insight/delusional beliefs c. With poor insight d. With delusional beliefs e. With absent insight

b. With absent insight/delusional beliefs

12. Diana has been diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder. She recognizes that her belief that her apartment block will burn down if she leaves her curling iron on is probably not true, and therefore her diagnosis should have the specifier of: a. Mild b. With good or fair insight c. Without delusional beliefs d. With acceptable insight e. No specifier is appropriate

b. With good or fair insight

9. Which specifier in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder would be applied to the diagnosis of an individual who thinks the obsessive-compulsive beliefs are probably true? a. With good or fair insight b. With poor insight c. With absent insight/delusional beliefs d. None of the above

b. With poor insight

45. The specifier "with good and fair insight" for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is applied to individuals with OCD who: a. disagree with their diagnosis b. recognize that the obsessive-compulsive beliefs are definitely/probably not true c. are completely convinced that the obsessive-compulsive beliefs are true d. think that the obsessive-compulsive beliefs are probably true

b. recognize that the obsessive-compulsive beliefs are definitely/probably not true

17. An individual with Body Dysmorphic Disorder with good or fair insight believes: a. That the body dysmorphic belief is probably true b. That the body dysmorphic beliefs are definitely true c. That the body dysmorphic beliefs are definitely not true or probably not true, or might be true d. they don't think that they have a body dysmorphic disorder e. None of the above

c. That the body dysmorphic beliefs are definitely not true or probably not true, or might be true

58. An individual with Body Dysmorphic Disorder with good or fair insight believes: a. That the body dysmorphic belief is probably true b. That the body dysmorphic beliefs are definitely true c. That the body dysmorphic beliefs are definitely not true or probably not true, or might be true d. They don't think that they have a body dysmorphic disorder e. None of the above

c. That the body dysmorphic beliefs are definitely not true or probably not true, or might be true

23. Which characteristic is True for Body Dysmorphic Disorder? a. People have problems with their body, but it doesn't affect their social life b. Preoccupations are generally not that time consuming c. This person at some point has performed repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to their appearance concerns d. Their concerns can be explained with concerns about body fat or weight e. All of these are correct

c. This person at some point has performed repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to their appearance concerns

36. What is the name for the disorder that is characterized by excessive hair pulling? a. Body Dysmorphic Disorder b. Hoarding Disorder c. Trichotillomania Disorder d. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder e. Excoriation Disorder

c. Trichotillomania Disorder

60. Greg is convinced that his house will flood if he doesn't check that the faucet is completely off 50 times. What type of specifier should be applied to Greg's diagnosis? a. With poor insight b. With good or fair sight c. With absent insight/ delusional beliefs d. None of the above

c. With absent insight/ delusional beliefs

29. John believes that the house probably won't burn down if he doesn't check the stove 30 times. Which Obsessive-Compulsive specifier does this example explain? a. With poor insight b. With absent insight/delusional beliefs c. With good or fair insight d. With panic attacks e. None of the above

c. With good or fair insight

49. How much more likely are first degree biological relatives of adults who had a childhood onset of OCD likely to develop OCD? a. 6x more likely b. 2x more likely c. 4x more likely d. 10x more likely e. There are no studies done to formally back up this question

d. 10x more likely

69. What percentage of people find medications (SSRIs) beneficial in reducing symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder? a. 40-50% b. 25-30% c. 5-10% d. 50-60% e. 85-90%

d. 50-60%

56. What environmental factors may contribute to body dysmorphic disorder a. Teasing in childhood b. Childhood neglect and abuse c. Negative social evaluations about one's body d. All of the above

d. All of the above

10. What biological contributing factors are present in OCD? a. Family and twin studies suggest a genetic contribution b. Functional brain abnormalities in the frontal regions and basal ganglia c. Occasionally develops after brain surgery or injury d. All of the above are Biological contributing factors

d. All of the above are Biological contributing factors

70. Which of the following is not an OCD-related disorder? a. Body dysmorphic disorder b. Hoarding disorder c. Excoriation disorder d. Cyclothymic disorder e. Trichotillomania

d. Cyclothymic disorder

40. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Body Dysmorphic Disorder? a. Obsessions with defects or flaws that are not observable to others b. The obsessions can range from feeling "unattractive" to "looking hideous" c. Individuals may constantly compare their features to other people's features in public d. Feeling concern over a congenital face defect or burn scars. e. All of the above are characteristics of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

d. Feeling concern over a congenital face defect or burn scars.

46. Body Dysmorphic Disorder: a. Is more often diagnosed in women b. Is more often diagnosed in men c. Is more common in boys in childhood d. Is diagnosed equally between men and women

d. Is diagnosed equally between men and women