psych 4

57. Someone who hates all members of a specific racial or religious group is demonstrating ________.

prejudice

29. Which of the following statements about suicide is correct?

Extracting a promise not to commit suicide before calling or visiting a helping professional seems to prevent some suicides.

17. Stress predicts physical and psychological health problems. Which of the following has it been found to predict?

heart disease, cancer, anxiety, and depression

20. Which of the following is considered the most complex form of conflict?

multiple approach-avoidance

13. Julio is a great athlete, he plays better when under the stress of a strong opponent. What is the term for the good stress that Julio uses?

eustress

40. In the context of group behavior, the term used to describe the concern that others are assessing one's behavior is ________.

evaluation apprehension

30. Excessive fear of public speaking is a common symptom of __________.

social anxiety disorder

11. Humor helps people cope with stress by ________.

stimulating the output of endorphins

14. Which of the following is one of Selye's three stages in the general adaptation syndrome?

the exhaustion stage

55. A research experiment was conducted on people's attitude toward a particular section of the society. After the experiment, the participants were requested to donate a small amount for the research organization. When they agreed and donated, they were followed with more requests for bigger donations. This is an example of ________.

the foot-in-the-door technique

21. According to your text, if you are American you are most likely stressed about ________.

the future of the nation

53. Which of the following characteristics is an aspect of groupthink that contributes to flawed decisions?

the group's belief in its rightness

35. Men tend to emphasize the following in a romantic partner: consideration, kindness, and thrift.

False

59. Trevor is a freshman in college and is having difficulty in his organic chemistry class. He doesn't know most of his classmates, but decides to ask Hideki for help. "He looks like he's Asian American, so he must be good in science," Trevor thinks. What is Trevor demonstrating?

a stereotype

42. Often equated with heroic behavior, the unselfish concern for the welfare of others is known as ________.

altruism

12. Sam wants to be a clinical psychologist. He has been accepted at two different graduate schools. Both schools are equally prestigious and will provide him with an outstanding education. However, he is finding it difficult to choose between the two. According to Neal E. Miller, this type of conflict is known as a(n) ________.

approach-approach conflict

3. The most complex form of conflict is the approach-avoidance conflict, in which each of several alternative courses of action has pluses and minuses.

False

33. When a client avoids talking about a difficult topic in therapy, such as an abusive relationship with a parent, saying, "I don't want to discuss it," this is known as transference.

False

5. People with lower self-efficacy expectations have biological as well as psychological reasons for remaining calmer and are less prone to be disturbed by adverse events.

False

6. In the approach-avoidance conflict, each of two goals is desirable, and both are within reach.

False

8. Unhealthy stress is referred to as eustress.

False

54. From the behavioral perspective, which of the following statements is true of aggression?

Strong, agile organisms are likely to be reinforced for aggressive behavior

45. In the context of aggression, which of the following is a perspective of social-cognitive theorists?

They believe that consciousness and choice play key roles in aggressive behavior among humans.

1. Some stress is healthful and necessary to keep us alert and occupied.

True

32. Cognitive therapy focuses on changing the beliefs, attitudes, and automatic types of thinking that create and compound people's problems.

True

7. If you have an internal locus of control, it means you feel you have control over the direction of your life.

True

9. Psychological states such as anxiety and depression can impair the functioning of the immune system.

True

31. Mental processes such as thoughts, emotions, memory, consciousness, even knowledge of one's own identity—the processes that make a person feel whole—may seem to be split off from one another in individuals living with ______________

a dissociative disorder

25. Vaccines introduce molecules into the body to teach the immune system to fight disease. These introduced molecules are known as which of the following?

antigens

18. Which of these is the type of emotional support that provides feedback from others about how one is doing?

appraisal

24. Marcella wants to be social after isolating during the pandemic. She wants to go to an outdoor party being thrown by her friend Sia because she knows that everyone will observe social distancing rules, but at the same time she knows that there is still a chance of catching the virus even if everyone behaves in a safe manner. Which type of conflict has Marcella resolved?

approach-avoidance

56. When a behavior is inconsistent with an attitude, they may cause a person to modify their attitude. This is known as ________.

attitude-discrepant behavior

38. Which aspect of attraction and love involves making the decision to enhance and maintain the relationship?

commitment

51. When someone changes their behavior to adhere to social norms, they are ________.

conforming

26. Delmar believes that he has been sent to earth to save mankind. He believes that women are evil and that any male who speaks to a female is doomed to be a slave. He often tells people of his grand plan to save males from the influence of females. Nothing one says or does can convince him that his ideas are absurd. Delmar's behavior best exemplifies _________.

delusions

48. What is the term for a hostile behavior directed against groups toward whom one is prejudiced?

discrimination

58. In United States history, literacy tests given in some Southern states in the 1960s as a means to keep African Americans from being able to vote is an example of ________.

discrimination

46. When Shaina is about to begin her speech in class, she notices that a few of her classmates are whispering among themselves. She becomes nervous that she might be boring to her audience and gets distracted. In this scenario, the presence of the classmates is not likely to facilitate her performance due to ________.

evaluation apprehension

39. According to the study conducted by Sprecher in 2008, U.S. women are more willing than U.S. men to marry someone who ________.

is not good-looking

19. Carole is a healthy teenager. She is able to resist illness despite being severely stressed at times. She believes that change is normal and can face adverse situations well. Psychologists would say that Carole ________.

is psychologically hardy

47. Miguel and Tatiana are close friends from second grade. They share their feelings with each other, but they lack passion or commitment. According to Robert Sternberg's triangular model of love, Miguel and Tatiana's love is a form of ________.

liking

23. Abram is choosing which college to attend next year. He has to weigh scholarship offers, degree programs, and distance from his home among other factors. Which type of conflict is Abram experiencing?

multiple approach-avoidance

60. According to Sternberg, which three factors contribute to attraction?

proximity, physical appearance, similarity

61. What color is associated with feelings of attraction?

red

50. In collectivist cultures that stress interdependence, such as Asian cultures, people are more likely to attribute another person's behavior to that person's ________.

social roles and obligations

16. Although academically gifted, Chloe never had the desire to be the best in her classes. She would most likely be considered to exhibit ________.

Type B behavior pattern

2. People with higher self-efficacy expectations have biological as well as psychological reasons for remaining calmer than people with lower self-efficacy.

True

34. All prejudices involve stereotyping but not all stereotypes lead to prejudices.

True

27. Which of the following statements about suicide is true?

College students are more likely to commit suicide than non-college students.

28. Seligman (1996) suggested that when things go wrong, people tend to blame internal or external factors, stable or unstable factors, and global or specific factors. Seligman calls these _______.

attribution styles

43. Which aspect of love refers to the tendency to share one's innermost feelings with a partner according to the Triangular model of Robert Sternberg?

intimacy

22. The symptom associated with stress that is most commonly reported by Americans is ________.

irritability

49. Justice's boss tells them to report to work at 4:00 a.m. the next day. Justice is not happy about arriving at work at such an unusual hour, yet they do as they are told. In the context of social influence, their behavior is an example of ________.

obedience to authority

37. According to the social-cognitive perspective, aggressive skills are mainly acquired by ________.

observation of other people acting aggressively

44. Which of the following statements is true of groupthink?

External threat heightens the cohesiveness of the group and is a source of stress.

41. Which type of theorist would believe that we are not likely to act aggressively unless we believe that aggression is appropriate under the circumstances and likely to be reinforced?

social-cognitive theorists

52. What type of attributional style claims that people who are kind are just "nice" people all around?

dispositional attributions

10. Peggy Blake and her colleagues constructed a scale of "life-change units" to measure the impact of life changes among college students. Surveys with students revealed that ________.

some of them considered academic success to be stressful

36. Groupthink can be averted if group leaders encourage members to remain skeptical about options and to feel free to ask probing questions and disagree with one another.

True

4. Debbie failed her first Chemistry exam. Because she was very stressed and tired, her mind jumped to the beliefs that she was a "terrible student" and "a failure"; she became certain she would fail the class and perhaps fail at school altogether. Debbie catastrophized failing her exam.

True

15. Which part of the nervous system activates the adrenal medulla, causing it to release a mixture of adrenaline and noradrenaline during the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

sympathetic nervous system