psych ap classroom

The final stage of general adaptation theory is known as

exhaustion

Which of the following is an example of an individual who demonstrates an internal locus of control?

A student decides to run for student government because he feels he can make some positive changes in the school.

Gustav was out for his daily walk when he was approached by a thief who demanded his wallet. He immediately felt an increase in his breathing and heart rate. Which of the following accurately describes Gustav's physiological response?

Alarm reaction

Which of the following are the stages in Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome?

Alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Which of the following situations describes an approach- avoidance conflict?

Anna must decide whether to buy a used car that is in her price range but has several mechanical problems.

Mark, a flight attendant, began his workday in a bad mood. However, by the end of the day, he felt much happier. According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what may have influenced Mark's mood?

Because it is his job to be courteous to customers, Mark smiled at passengers frequently.

Priscilla has recently found diaries from her family dating back multiple generations. She has noticed that there are similarities in their life events and in the way they thought about things that happened to them. She believes that it has to do with the fact that they all have the same inherited instincts that drive their behavior and that these instincts exist in all humans. Priscilla's way of thinking is most in line with

Carl Jung's collective unconscious

Which of the following is the best example of a homeostatic process?

Cathy drinks a large amount of water to reduce thirst after a long race.

Which of the following situations poses an approach- approach conflict for a person who listens only to classical music?

Choosing to study with one of two friends, both of whom listen to classical music while studying

In the James-Lange theory of emotion, which of the following immediately precedes an emotion?

Experience of physiological changes

A hostile person with a type A personality is most at risk for developing which of the following?

Heart disease

Dr. Emerson is seeing a patient named Nandini who is currently going through a divorce. She has moved out of her house and is staying on a friend's couch. While she is going through this, Nandini is struggling to find meaning in her life. Humanist theorist Abraham Maslow's explanation for Nandini's dissatisfaction with life would most likely be that

Nandini has not fulfilled basic needs (shelter, relationships, love), and thus cannot fulfill higher levels of needs

Which of the following summarizes the Big Five theory of personality?

People can be described by five higher- order traits that reflect most aspects of personality.

Which of the following correctly lists Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top?

Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Figures such as the one above are used in which of the following kinds of test?

Projective personality

Which of the following Freudian constructs is believed to protect the organism from anxiety by making memories inaccessible?

Repression

Andy is softhearted, good-natured, trusting, helpful, forgiving, gullible, and straightforward. Based on these characteristics, he is most likely to score high on which of the Big Five trait measures?

agreeableness

Melvin, a server at a restaurant, is in the middle of a lunch rush. He is completing orders, serving customers, and seating new guests. He has adapted to this level of stress and is coping. Which of the following terms identifies a stage in Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome that Melvin is currently experiencing?

Resistance

Which of the following would be detrimental to an individual's maintenance of high self-esteem?

Setting unrealistic personal goals

In Freudian theory, which of the following components of personality most resembles a conscience or censor?

Superego

In general, trait theories emphasize which of the following?

The lasting nature of personal characteristics

A complex pattern of organized, unlearned behavior that is species-specific is called

an instinct

Jess's psychologist asks him to take the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form® (MMP1-2-RF®). Later, his psychiatrist asks him to take the test again. If the test has high test-retest reliability, what will be found?

The results are likely to be similar.

Stanley Schachter's explanation of emotions places emphasis on

a cognitive appraisal of physiological arousal

Rufus wanted to go to college after high school, but he did not go because he was afraid it would be too much work. For years he has considered going to college but he still fears that it will be too hard. Eventually he feels so unhappy that he goes to see a therapist, who follows Carl Rogers's theory of humanistic personality. The therapist is most likely to explain Rufus's unhappiness as being a result of

a mismatch between his ideal self and his real self

Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is an attempt to explain

a reaction to stress

Angry with his professor because of a difficult exam, Martin returns home and takes out his anger on his best friend. Martin's behavior illustrates

displacement

After school, George and his friends complain of intense hunger. They go to George's home and immediately open his refrigerator to look for a snack. Which of the following is a theory of motivation that best explains their behavior?

drive reduction

Neo-Freudian theories of psychoanalysis such as those of Karen Horney and Erik Erikson differ from Freud's conceptualization in that they are less likely to

emphasize the libido

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the need to have respect for ourselves and to be valued by others is classified within the category of

esteem needs

Montgomery prepares his resume carelessly and arrives late for his job interview. He is rejected by the prospective employer. Montgomery concludes that "It's all a matter of dumb luck, anyway." Montgomery's judgement of his situation most clearly reflects

external locus of control

Incentive theories of motivation explain the desire of people to achieve goals in terms of

external stimuli that have the capacity to affect behavior

John is generally pleasant, but during final exams he experiences more intense stress than other students experience. He is irritable and easily frustrated. According to the Big Five model of personality, John would be

high in neuroticism

According to Sigmund Freud, our sexual and aggressive instincts are located primarily in the

id

Sandy's father's behavior gives her the impression that he will love her only if she gets very good grades. Carl Rogers would probably say that Sandy

is getting conditional positive regard

An animal will gain weight when

its ventromedial hypothalamus is damaged

In Sigmund Freud's view, the role of the ego is to

mediate among the id, the superego, and reality

The rationale underlying the use of projective personality tests, such as the Rorschach Test and the Thematic Apperception Test, is that they

reveal the subjects' personalities by eliciting responses to vague, ambiguous stimuli

Carl Jung believed in a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from a person's ancestral past. Which of the following psychological terms refers to that storehouse?

selective unconscious

According to Albert Bandura, people who believe that their efforts will be successful and that they are in control of events have a high level of

self efficacy

Individuals who exhibit a strong moral sense, accept themselves as they are, are deeply democratic in nature, and are willing to act independently of social and cultural pressures would be described by Abraham Maslow as

self-actualized

Ted is hiking along a mountain trail when he sees a large snake slithering across the path ahead of him. According to the James-Lange theory, after seeing the snake, Ted will most likely

start trembling and then feel fear without explicitly processing the snake

Transforming frustrated urges, especially sexual urges, into more socially acceptable forms of behavior is the defense mechanism known as

sublimation

According to psychoanalytic theory, Tom's constant shoplifting suggests that he has an underdeveloped

superego

One of the consistent research findings in the area of facial expressions and emotion is the

universality of facial expressions across cultures