Psych Ch 15

In order for a person to be classified as having major depressive disorder, he or she must experience a depressive episode that lasts at least one week. two weeks. one month. two months.

two weeks

According to Dr. Smoller, professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, anxiety disorder is due to ______ systems that have kind of gone awry in the brain. emotion-sensor pleasure-seeking threat- and harm-avoiding None of the answer choices are correct.

threat- and harm-avoiding

Which of the following best characterized Jason Ramsey's symptoms? vomiting due to bulimia nervosa stomach pains that were ultimately diagnosed as ulcers chest pains leading up to a heart attack 24-hour, 7-day-a-week panic

24-hour, 7-day-a-week panic

How are generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder different? Generalized anxiety disorder is more severe than phobic disorder. Generalized anxiety disorder involves avoidance of specific situations, whereas phobic disorder does not. Generalized anxiety disorder involves anxiety about a large variety of things, whereas phobic disorder involves anxiety about a specific thing. Generalized anxiety involves fear of other people, whereas phobic disorder involves fear of dangerous places or objects.

Generalized anxiety disorder involves anxiety about a large variety of things, whereas phobic disorder involves anxiety about a specific thing.

Which of the following does not fit with the others? bipolar disorder persistent depressive disorder PTSD major depressive disorder

PTSD

The hypothalamus (shown above in orange), also a part of the limbic system, is located in the forebrain just below the thalamus. The hypothalamus is linked to emotion by releasing hormones that regulate mood. When a person experiences a panic attack, the hypothalamus assists with mediating the panic by releasing hormones for the fight-or-flight response. This is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. How does the hypothalamus influence panic attacks? The hypothalamus receives sensory input to assist the frontal cortex with regulated actions. The hypothalamus secretes melatonin to induce drowsiness in the face of panicked emotions. The hypothalamus maintains heart rate at a rapid pace during a panic attack. The hypothalamus releases hormones that influence fearful emotion.

The hypothalamus releases hormones that influence fearful emotion.

Mireille began having brief episodes of overwhelming anxiety about a year ago. She doesn't know what causes them, but she has had them in the grocery store, at busy restaurants, and once while driving. Her heart pounds, she has difficulty breathing, and sometimes she feels like her body no longer belongs to her. She is afraid she will go crazy and embarrass herself in front of other people. Based on this information, Mireille may have obsessive-compulsive disorder. a somatoform disorder. a dissociative disorder. a panic disorder.

a panic disorder.

After Ralph has been diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder, his doctor explains that depression often runs in families. Which of the following factors is Ralph's doctor exemplifying? clinical sociocultural psychoanalytic biological

biological

Individuals who suffer from _____ are more likely to have extreme manic episodes which may include hallucinations while individuals who suffer from ____ may have experiences of mania that are less extreme or euphoric. bipolar I; bipolar II bipolar II; bipolar I MDD I; MDD II MDD II; MDDI

bipolar I; bipolar II

This image shows a the superior cut of the brain with the bilateral lenticular nuclei highlighted in orange. Located within the cerebral hemisphere, the lenticular nuclei are wedge-shaped masses of gray matter. Gray matter is composed of nerve cell bodies and branching dendrites, which influence muscle control and sensory perception. People with OCD show decreased gray matter in the lenticular nuclei. Knowing that the gray matter influences muscle control, decreased gray matter may be a contributing cause for compulsive actions. Which of the following is an example of compulsive behavior that could be experienced by a person with OCD due to decreased gray matter? continuous fear of getting sick obsessive thinking about personal safety checking once to make sure the front door is locked before leaving for work compulsive cleaning of the kitchen

compulsive cleaning of the kitchen

The frontal lobe, shown above, is the region of the brain that is responsible for higher mental processing and many other functions. Higher mental processing involves complex thinking and intentional and logical reasoning. People with OCD show structural abnormalities in the frontal lobe (as evidenced in MRIs from clinical studies), which reduce complex thinking to fixations or intrusive, repetitive thoughts. Common obsessions are contamination (Melvin's fear of germs), loss of control, harm, perfectionism, and unwanted sexual thoughts. Which of the following is an example of an obsession that could be experienced by a person with OCD, due to structural abnormalities in the frontal lobe? constant concerns about contamination organizing items in one's closet by the sequence of the rainbow's colors continuous counting of tiles and patterns they make on the floor repetitive handwashing

constant concerns about contamination

A person who believes that the television news anchor is talking to him is suffering from hallucinations. delusions. catatonia. negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

delusions

Researchers propose that sometimes children cope with intense trauma by dissociating from the experience and developing alternative selves as protectors. This is one explanation to the cause of dissociative identity disorder. dissociative amnesia. bipolar I disorder. PTSD.

dissociative identity disorder.

The basal ganglia, also called the basal nuclei, are shown above in the superior cut of the brain. This region of the brain influences voluntary motor movements and routine behaviors. People with OCD show structural abnormalities in the basal nuclei (also evidenced in MRIs from clinical studies), which disrupt normal routines by introducing compulsive behaviors. Common compulsions are excessive washing (Melvin's solution to his fear of germs), continuously checking, and repeating specific behaviors. Which of the following is an example of a compulsion that could be experienced by a person with OCD due to structural abnormalities in the basal ganglia? worrying about becoming out of control double checking the locks on doors and the switches on appliances multiple times a day fixating on exactness and perfection constantly thinking about how dirty the steering wheel of a car is

double checking the locks on doors and the switches on appliances multiple times a day

Humans typically have two amygdalae, which are neuronal ganglia that are each the size of an almond, located deep within the temporal lobe. The amygdalae register all positive and negative emotions, especially fear and anxiety. During a panic attack, the amygdalae put the body's fight-or-flight responses into motion. The amygdalae are located deep within the temporal lobe. Pictured here is the temporal lobe so you can see the brain region where the amygdalae are located. Which of the following is an example of an emotion that could be experienced by a person having a panic attack due to the amygdalae? tranquility fear anger calmness

fear

All of the following are symptoms of schizophrenia EXCEPT thought and language disturbance. emotion inappropriate to the situation. withdrawal from social interaction. long periods of sleeplessness.

long periods of sleeplessness.

Generational differences, gender differences, and socioeconomic status are all examples of ______ factors of Major Depressive Disorder. psychological biological epigenetic sociocultural

sociocultural