Psych: ch 16 review

By middle age, more than ______ of adult children provide care for aging parents or parents-in-law

40%

By 2020, experts project that _____ of children at 30 years of age will still have living grandparents

80%

The ________ _______ _______ profiled more than 500 children and their parents in the 1920s and early 1930s and then again as they entered midlife, resulting in the book Present and Past in Middle Life

Berkeley Longitudinal Studies

Which of the following people would MOST likely experience the greatest degree of stress based on what we understand of the social clock?

Carol, a 40 year old female who has a family and is going to college for the first time

Two prominent theories that define stages of adult development in midlife are _______'s stage of generatively versus stagnation and _______'s seasons of a man's life

Erikson levinson

Which theorists headed the study of 132 women at Mills College in the late 1950s?

Ravenna Helson

Which TWO theorists conducted the Baltimore Study using a five-factor personality test? check all that apply

Rober Mccrae Paul Costa

True or False: In there Baltimore Study, Costa and Mccrae found relative stability in the big five factors of personality across adulthood; however, recent studies have found greater variability over the course of the life span

True

The majority of single-grandmother raising their grandchildren are _____

african american (53 percent). When both grandparents are raising grandchildren, the families are overwhelmingly non-Latino White.

Which of the following are some of the main reasons middle-aged and older women gave for initiating a divorce? check all that apply

alcohol or drug abuse verbal, physical, or emotional abuse cheating

According to Levinson, which of the following is NOT a major conflict that an adult male must come to terms with during the transition to middle adulthood? being destructive versus being constructive being ambitious versus being satisfied with life as it stands being masculine versus being feminine being young versus being old

being ambitious versus being satisfied with life as it stands instead it is, being ambitious versus being satisfied with life as it stands

What are young adults who return to their parents homes to live sometimes called? check all that apply

boomerang kids B2B (back to bedroom) kids

The Mills College study distinguished which of the following main groups among the Milles college women? check all that apply

career-oriented women family-oriented women Women without children who pursued low-level work

Research indicates that personality ______ throughout adulthood, but there is greater ________ in personality during middle adulthood

changes; stability

The majority of sibling relationships in middle adulthood can be described as ________

close

Which of the following is the most frequently reported daily hassle in middle age?

concerns about weight

According to a recent meta-analysis of stability and change, which of the following big five factors of personality showed a continuous increase from early adulthood to late adulthood?

conscientiousness

The ______ context of adult development includes the ways in which a society defines adulthood

cultural

george Vaillant used data collected from individuals when they were 50 to predict whether they would end up in which of the following categories? check all that apply

dead sad-sick happy-well

On average, perceptions of personal control _______ after middle adulthood

decrease

According to Levinson, a person between the ages of 28 and 33 is faced with which of the following tasks?

determining life goals

The three main style of grand parenting are fun-seeking, _________ and ________

distant; formal

Which of the following statements about divorce in middle adulthood is FALSE? staying married until children are old enough is a main reason that couples don't divorce until middle adulthood a large number of women reported that verbal, physical, or emotional abuse was the reason they divorced in middle adulthood divorce is more positive in every respect for adults in middle adulthood than for those in early adulthood divorced women report more concern about concern about financial issues than men

divorce is more positive in every respect for adults in middle adulthood than for those in early adulthood

Parents who live vicariously through their children and who report a decline in marital satisfaction when their children leave the home are experiencing _________

empty nest syndrome

The big five factors of personality can be condensed into the acronym OCEAN. it includes all of the following personality facts, EXCEPT excitability openness agreeableness neuroticism conscioustiousness

excitability

Seasons of a Mans life by Daniel Levinson was based upon the results of ______

extensive interviews with 40 middle =-aged men

A limitation of the contemporary life-events approach is that it _______

fails to address daily experiences that may also be a source of stress One drawback is that the life-events approach places too much emphasis on change. It does not adequately recognize the stability that, at least to some degree, characterizes adult development.

True or False: Passion is a critical component of established intimate relationships in middle adulthood

false, passion is more important in new relationships, especially in early adulthood

What was the most common response when 40 to 79 year olds were asked "when you think of who you are, you think mainly of _____?"

family 63 percent said "family," 9 percent said "religion," and 8 percent said "work"

In a recent study of part-time grandparent caregivers, _____- effects were found

few negative Grandparents who are part-time caregivers are less likely to have the negative health portrait that full-time grandparent caregivers have.

Which of the following statements regarding in middle adulthood is TRUE?

friendships that begin in childhood and remain into middle adulthood are deeper than those formed in middle adulthood

what are the three major contexts that influence development in middle adulthood? check all that apply

gender culture historical context

In which of the following areas are parents and adult children LEAST similar? gender roles politics religion

gender roles Both similarity and dissimilarity across generations are found. For example, similarity between parents and an adult child is most noticeable in religion and politics, least in gender roles, lifestyle, and work orientation.

Forty year old Martiska wishes to establish a pediatric AIDS foundation overseas. According to Erikson, she is focused on establishing a sense of ______

generativity

Parenting, teaching, and involvement in the community are examples of how middle-aged adults can develop _______

generativity

Who conducted the "grant study", which involved Harvard University men in their early 30s and their late 40s who had initially been interviewed as undergraduates?

george Vaillant

Which theorist asserted that midlife is not a crisis for most people?

george vaillant Levinson sees midlife as a crisis, Vaillant maintains that only a minority of adults experience a midlife crisis

According to Vaillant, which of the following characteristics at the age of 50 was not predictive of being in the "happy-well" category at 75 to 80 years of age? getting regular exercise being well-educated having wealth and income empathizing with other

having wealth and income

The view that adults experience a midlife crisis was based on findings from ________

levinsons the seasons of a mans life

Which of the following is NOT a drawback of the contemporary life-events approach? major life events have no been statistically proven to have an impact on development the life-events approach does not recognize the stability of adult development the life-events approach doesn't account for the impact of daily stressful experiences on development the life-events approach places too much emphasis on change

major life events have no been statistically proven to have an impact on development

Which of the following statements about intergenerational relationships is FALSE? Parent and their adult children hold similar views on religion and politics married men and women are more likely to have contact with their parents than divorced or never-married individuals parents who divorce are much more likely to have children who divorce relationship quality between the adult child and the parent is associated with the quality of parenting that occurred in childhood

married men and women are more likely to have contact with their parents than divorced or never-married individuals

Which of the following statements regarding the stresses experienced by young adults versus those experiences by middle-aged adults is TRUE?

middle-aged adults were more likely to experience "overload" stressors that involve juggling too many activities at once

According to Helson's Mills College study, adult women experiences a ______

midlife consciousness rather than midlife crisis

Compared to grandfathers, grandmothers have ______ contact with grandchildren

more

Some studies suggest that the role demands between work and family are ________

more intense for women than for men

Grandparents over the age of 65 were _______ grandparents younger than 65 to interact with their grandchildren in a formal style

more likely than

Recent studies revealed that middle-aged adults were ______ their counterparts in late adulthood to view their relationships with indifference or ambivalence

more likely than

On average, a sense of personal control _____ in midlife and then _____

peaks; declines

Which of the following is NOT a common reason that grandparents are thrust back into the "parenting" role for their grandchildren? divorce teen pregnancy drug use by parents of grandchildren personal preference

personal preference

Which of the following characteristics is not necessarily reflective of relationships in middle adulthood? loyalty security mutual emotional interest physical attraction

physical attraction

As opposed to the middle of the "sandwich" generation, in which the middle generation cares for grown children and aging parents simultaneously, some experts believe middle-aged adults belong to a "_______" generation that alternates between the care of grown children and aging parents

pivot

As adult children become middle-aged, they often develop more _____ perceptions of their parents

positive

Jane is in middle adulthood and fells she is more social than she was in her past. Research indicates this would be an example of the _____ changes in personality traits across adulthood

positive

Following the grant study, valiant concluded that which of the following is the main focus of a person in his/her forties?

reassessing and recording the truth about the adolescent and adulthood years

Which of the following are criticisms about Levinson Seasons of a Mans Life? check all that apply

respondents may have distorted memories or forget parts of their past the original levinson data included no females levinsons work included no statistical analysis

Because many middle-aged adults today are responsible for their children as well as for their aging parents, what names are given to this generation? check all that apply

sandwich squeezed overload

In middle adulthood, affectionate or companionate love increases. this form of love includes the quality of _______ check all that apply

security loyalty mutual emotional interest physical attraction, romance, and passion are more important in new relationships, especially in early adulthood.

The Berkely studies found that the most stable aspects of personality included all of the following, EXCEPT ________ openness to new experiences self-control intellectual orientation self-confidence

self-control

In what ways does immigration increases intergenerational stresses on Mexican families? check all that apply

separation of immediate and extended family members relocation to a new community without a social network discrepancies between acculturation levels within the family

George Vaillant performed longitudinal studies of adult development and aging on which THREE of the following groups? check all that apply

socially advantaged harvard graduates born about 1920 socially disadvantaged inner-city men born about 1930 Middle-SES, intellectually gifted women born about 1910

Which of the following NOT considered to be limitation of stage theories of adult development? stage theories place too much emphasis on crises in development, especially midlife crisis there is often individual variation in the way people experience the stages stage theories focus too much on individual case studies and not on universals

stage theories focus too much on individual case studies and not on universals

Jacob, who is 45, has amassed a lot of wealth but has not done anything to benefit the next generation. According to Erikson, he may be in a state of _______

stagnation

According to Erikson, ________ develops when middle-aged adults sense they have no done anything for the next generation

stagnation Generativity encompasses adults' desire to leave legacies of themselves to the next generation

When women face stress, they are more likely to engage in a _______ and _________ pattern, seeking out social connections

tend and befriend patter Taylor argues that when women experience stress an influx of the hormone oxytocin, which is linked to nurturing in animals, is released.

Which perspective of adult development argues that groups of individuals born during the same time period act and react according to a shared set of historical and social expectations?

the contemporary life-events approach

The process by which, over time, people become more adept at interacting with the environment and in ways that promote increased stability in personality can be described as ______

the cumulative personality model

Olivia is a 19 year old college student who hopes to be a physicians assistant in large medical facility. She plans to be married and have two children by the time she turns 30. Levinson would call this ________

the dream an image of the kind of life the youth wants to have, especially in terms of a career and marriage

The contemporary life-events approach takes into account all of the following, except _________

the stability of ones personality over time

Which of the following is NOT a belief attributed to the contemporary life-events approach? the impact of life events depends on the sociohistorical context of the event the impact of life events on development depends on a persons ability to adapt and cope the stress of life events alone influences a persons development life events are mediated by things like physical health and family supports

the stress of life events alone influences a persons development

Which of the following defines the social clock?

the timetable according to which infidivudlas are expected to accomplish lifestyle tasks Neugarten (1986) holds that the social environment of a particular age group can alter its social clock such as getting married, having children, or establishing themselves in a career.

True or False: as divorce and remarriage have become more common, most states have passed laws giving grandparents the right to petition a court for visitation privileges with their grandchildren, even if a parent objects

true

True or False: in the individual variations view middle-aged adults are seen as taking an active role in understanding, changing, and giving meaning to their lives

true

True or False: it is rare for sibling closeness to develop for the first time in adulthood

true

Married men were more likely to be involved with which family group?

wives kin

Which of the following groups experiences the highest rate of daily stressors as opposed to "overload" stressors?

young adults