Psych ch. 25

Why is it dangerous to combine alcohol with a sleeping pill? Alcohol and sleeping pills are stimulants; their combined action could lead to a heart attack. Alcohol and sleeping pills both disrupt immediate memory formation, leading to severe impairment. Alcohol and sleeping pills can both dehydrate the body, causing severe overheating, increased blood pressure, and death. Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death. Alcohol and sleeping pills cause hallucinations that feel so real the person can experience severe panic or harm himself or herself.

Alcohol and sleeping pills are depressants; their combined action reduces nervous system activity and can lead to death.

Which of the following statements is true of alcohol? Alcohol is a depressant, because it causes people to feel sad when under its influence. Alcohol is a stimulant, because it increases the heart rate as consumption increases. Alcohol is a stimulant, because people do foolish things while under its influence. Alcohol is a depressant, because it calms neural activity and slows body function. Alcohol is a hallucinogen, because it makes people believe things that are not true.

Alcohol is a depressant, because it calms neural activity and slows body function.

After taking a psychoactive drug for many years, Carl stops taking it. He finds withdrawal to be physically painful, because the drug that he had been taking caused his brain to stop producing its own endorphins. Which drug was he taking? Heroin Nicotine Marijuana Cocaine Methamphetamine

Heroin

Which of the following is true of alcohol? In large doses, it is a hallucinogen; in small doses, it is a depressant. In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a stimulant. In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant. In large doses, it is a stimulant; in small doses, it is a stimulant. In large doses, it is a stimulant; in small doses, it is a depressant.

In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant

What is the danger of labeling behaviors such as too much eating, shopping, exercise, sex, or gambling as addictions? Abusers may be more likely to hide their abuse and avoid seeking help. No physical or emotional pain is associated with these behaviors. It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors. Abusers are more likely to experience prejudice and discrimination. It can lead to increased feelings of shame and guilt

It can be used as an "all-purpose" excuse to explain away the behaviors.

Which of the following represents drug tolerance? Jacob had to increase the dosage of his pain medication when the old dosage no longer effectively controlled the pain from his chronic back condition. Pierre enjoys the effect of marijuana and is now using the drug several times a week. Hans has grown to accept the fact that his wife likes to have a beer with her dinner, even though he personally does not approve of the use of alcohol. Chau lost his job and is now homeless as a result of his drug use. José often wakes up with a headache that lasts until he has his morning cup of coffee.

Jacob had to increase the dosage of his pain medication when the old dosage no longer effectively controlled the pain from his chronic back condition.

What is most likely to occur when the brain is repeatedly flooded with artificial opiates? The level of serotonin is permanently decreased. The brain stops producing endorphins. The brain stops making dopamine. The immune system is suppressed. The brain shrinks.

The brain stops producing endorphins.

What do methamphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine have in common? They excite neural activity and arouse body functions. They relax the body, lead to disinhibition, and produce euphoria. They depress neural functioning and reduce pain. They distort perceptions and evoke sensations without sensory input. They slow body functions and calm neural activity.

They excite neural activity and arouse body functions.

What can be expected in someone who is a frequent user of marijuana? They will need to consume larger doses of the drug to feel its effects. There will be an increased production of dopamine in the brain. They will experience vivid hallucinations. They will experience a dangerously elevated heart rate. They will require less of the drug to feel its effects as the drug builds up in their system.

They will require less of the drug to feel its effects as the drug builds up in their system.

Although repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows signs of REM rebound. dissociation. addiction. narcolepsy. age regression.

addiction.

Compulsive craving for and use of a drug is an indication of dissociation. addiction. hallucination. narcolepsy. hypnagogic sensations.

addiction.

François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using? heroin amphetamines barbiturates marijuana morphine derivatives

amphetamines

In contrast to alcohol, marijuana is rapidly eliminated from the body. does not impair motor coordination. does not impair memory. amplifies sensitivity to sounds. produces severe tolerance.

amplifies sensitivity to sounds.

LSD and other powerful hallucinogens are chemically similar to, and therefore block the actions of, a subtype of the neurotransmitter serotonin. At the synapse, these drugs act as a(n) antagonist. endorphin. agonist. stimulant. depressant.

antagonist.

Which of the following is a common symptom of nicotine withdrawal? insensitivity to pain diminished appetite drowsiness euphoria anxiety

anxiety

Sodium pentothal has sometimes been called a "truth serum" because it relaxes people and enables them to more freely disclose personally embarrassing experiences. It is most likely that sodium pentothal is a(n) form of cocaine. barbiturate. hallucinogen. amphetamine. opiate.

barbiturate

Which drugs are most likely to be prescribed as tranquilizers? amphetamines hallucinogens dissociatives barbiturates opiates

barbiturates

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are mild hallucinogens. amphetamines. barbiturates. stimulants. opiates.

barbiturates.

When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by decreasing manifest content. blocking the reuptake of dopamine. triggering a state of dissociation. producing hallucinations. increasing the occurrence of alpha waves.

blocking the reuptake of dopamine

Which of the following is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance? nicotine alcohol cocaine caffeine marijuana

caffeine

Which of the following psychoactive drugs is most likely to worsen people's ability to sleep? marijuana heroin alcohol barbiturates caffeine

caffeine

A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of cocaine. LSD. morphine. marijuana. barbiturates.

cocaine.

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Zachary experienced a diminished appetite, an increased pulse rate, dilated pupils, and feelings of self-confidence and euphoria. Zachary most likely experienced the effects of THC. cocaine. LSD. marijuana. heroin.

cocaine.

Alcohol consumption disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memory by increasing self-consciousness. decreasing REM sleep. decreasing sleep apnea. increasing anxiety. decreasing tolerance.

decreasing REM sleep.

One of the deadly effects of Ecstasy is pupil constriction. lethargy. increased appetite. dehydration. decreased blood pressure.

dehydration

Alcohol is considered a(n) both a depressant and a hallucinogen. opiate. stimulant. hallucinogen. depressant.

depressant.

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called dissociatives. hallucinogens. depressants. endorphins. amphetamines.

depressants.

Research indicates that alcohol decreases latent content. impairs recall of existing long-term memories. increases REM sleep. impairs short-term recall of what has just been said. disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories.

disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories.

The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to hide the drug abuse from public view. seek help from medical professionals. feel increased feelings of shame. become victims of social hostility and prejudice. feel powerless to overcome the addiction.

feel powerless to overcome the addiction

Adolescents are most likely to start smoking in order to gain decreased anxiety. trigger the release of lymphocytes. reduce their blood pressure. gain social acceptance. reduce their mental alertness.

gain social acceptance

LSD is most likely to produce age regression. dissociation. hallucinations. narcolepsy. night terrors.

hallucinations.

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of heroin. LSD. cocaine. amphetamine. nicotine.

heroin.

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that the majority of people become addicted to cocaine within a couple of years of their first use. regular marijuana smokers typically experience an irresistible craving for LSD. only a small minority of America's ex-smokers kicked the habit on their own. people who respond strongly to hypnosis are more prone to drug addiction. individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict.

individuals who are given morphine for pain relief seldom develop the irresistible cravings of an addict.

Research on the use of addictive drugs indicates that egular marijuana smokers typically experience an irresistible craving for THC. individuals who receive morphine from physicians for pain relief usually develop the irresistible cravings of an addict. many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help. an occasional cigarette smoker almost always becomes a heavy smoker. all categories of psychoactive drugs are associated with dependence.

many people are able to stop using addictive drugs without professional help.

Regular users of ________ may achieve a high with smaller amounts of the drug than occasional users. alcohol marijuana morphine nicotine heroin

marijuana

Mrs. Roberts, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received LSD. heroin. Ecstasy. marijuana. cocaine.

marijuana.

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________. marijuana; hallucinogen marijuana; stimulant cocaine; hallucinogen heroin; depressant cocaine; stimulant

marijuana; hallucinogen

The British government classifies the highly addictive crystallized form of ________ as one of the most dangerous of drugs. methamphetamine melatonin THC cortisolheroin

methamphetamine

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria. methamphetamine nicotine heroin LSD Amytal

methamphetamine

The change in brain chemistry that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug is called dissociation. neuroadaptation. dependence. disinhibition. narcolepsy.

neuroadaptation

By triggering the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine, ________ boosts alertness and diminishes appetite. MDMA heroin alcohol THC nicotine

nicotine

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant? LSD nicotine alcohol morphine marijuana

nicotine

Near-death experiences are often accompanied by visions of bright lights.examples of REM rebound. recalled by nearly all who have been revived from a cardiac arrest. typically recalled as very scary and unpleasant. typically experienced during delta wave sleep.

often accompanied by visions of bright lights.

Morphine and heroin are stimulants. hallucinogens. amphetamines. opiates. barbiturates.

opiates.

Although Max never experiences caffeine withdrawal symptoms, he feels that he needs coffee every morning as part of his daily routine. Max best illustrates psychological dependence. dissociation. REM rebound. the pop-out phenomenon. narcolepsy.

physical dependence

If Marty doesn't drink caffeinated sodas daily, he experiences severe headaches. Marty is most clearly showing signs of psychological dependence. tolerance. physical dependence. a hypnagogic state. dissociation.

physical dependence

Physical pain and intense cravings indicate sleep apnea. age regression. REM rebound. physical dependence. dissociation.

physical dependence

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction? narcolepsy physical dependence hallucinations alpha waves REM rebound

physical dependence

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of dissociation. narcolepsy. neuroadaptation. physical dependence. REM rebound.

physical dependence.

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs. narcoleptic neuroadaptive dissociative hypnagogic psychoactive

psychoactive

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called narcotic agents. hallucinogens. psychoactive drugs. stimulants. physiological dependents.

psychoactive drugs.

Drug tolerance refers to the reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage. belief that drug use should be legalized. discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of a drug. loss of social inhibitions following drug use. absence of pain or anxiety following the use of a drug.

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.

After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has directed his attention to the future. reduced his self-awareness. reduced his sexual desire. increased his level of sympathetic nervous system arousal. destroyed some of his brain cells.

reduced his self-awareness

Studies of marijuana's effects indicate that regular usage has no serious negative effects on physical health. regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users. usage consistently reduces feelings of anxiety and depression. marijuana is the most commonly used psychoactive drug in North America. daily use of the drug is currently higher than it has ever been among high school seniors.

regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users.

Alcohol consumption is LEAST likely to make people more sexually daring. self-disclosing. aggressive. fearful. self-conscious.

self-conscious.

A rewarding consequence of cigarette smoking is that it reduces heart rate. mental alertness. the release of epinephrine into the bloodstream. blood pressure. sensitivity to pain.

sensitivity to pain.

The altered state of consciousness that is most similar to a drug-induced hallucination is narcolepsy. withdrawal. REM sleep. hypnosis. the near-death experience.

the near-death experience.

As drug users experience neuroadaptation, they demonstrate signs of narcolepsy. hallucinations. tolerance. NREM. dissociation.

tolerance

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of withdrawal. dissociation. narcolepsy. tolerance. resistance.

tolerance.

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of withdrawal. tolerance. resistance. dissociation. narcolepsy.

tolerance.

Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol. This study best illustrated the impact of physical dependence. drug tolerance. user expectations. dissociation. neuroadaptation.

user expectations.

When oxygen deprivation just prior to death turns off the brain's inhibitory cells, neural activity increases in the visual cortex. motor cortex. temporal lobe. brainstem. cerebellum.

visual cortex.

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called intolerance. narcolepsy. REM rebound. dissociation. withdrawal.

withdrawal.

Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen? LSD Nembutal marijuana heroin Ecstasy

Ecstasy

Which stimulant causes high energy, emotional elation, dehydration, and damage to serotonin-producing neurons? Nicotine LSD Barbiturate Ecstasy Caffeine

Ecstasy

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of alcohol. morphine. Ecstasy. barbiturates. amphetamines.

Ecstasy.

Jason has been smoking marijuana. Which of the following best describes the effects of this psychoactive drug on Jason's behavior? Jason will experience blissful pleasure during use but extreme discomfort during withdrawal. Jason will become relaxed and experience mild hallucinations, followed by memory loss. Jason will become dehydrated quickly, which could lead to overheating and death. Jason will quickly experience a euphoric rush, then a significant "crash" as the drug wears off. Jason will feel increased alertness and wakefulness.

Jason will become relaxed and experience mild hallucinations, followed by memory loss.

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug? nicotine caffeine cocaine LSD heroin

LSD

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Karnpreet experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Karnpreet most likely experienced the effects of heroin. cocaine. marijuana. barbiturates. LSD.

LSD.

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of barbiturates. LSD. cocaine. heroin. marijuana.

LSD.

An altered state of consciousness similar to that of a near-death experience is most likely to result from the use of barbiturates. marijuana. heroin. LSD. cocaine.

LSD.

After a stressful day at the office, Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner. Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember the next day the names of the business associates he talked to before going to the bar. at the time he is drinking how to do long division. the next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking. at the time he is drinking the name of his employer and his own home address. at the time he is drinking the names of the people he has just met.

the next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking.