Psych Ch 6 Memory

Retrieval cue

A clue, prompt, or hint that helps trigger recall of a given piece of information stored in long-term memory.

False Memory

A distorted or fabricated recollection of something that dis not actually happened.

Long Term Potentiation

A long lasting increase in synaptic strength between two neurons.

Misinformation Effect

A memory distortion phenomenon in which a person's existing memories can be altered if the person is exposed to misleading information.

Deja vu experience

A memory ilusión characterized by brief but intense feeling of familiarity in a situation that has never been experienced before.

Imagination Inflation

A memory phenomenon in which vividly imagining an event markedly increases confidence that the event actually occurred.

Alzheimier's Disease

A progressive disease that destroys the brain's neurons, gradually impairing memory, thinking, language, and other cognitive functional resulting in the complete inability to care for oneself; the most common cause of dementia.

Cued Recall

A test of long- Term memory that involves remembering as item of information in response to a retrieval cue.

Recall

A test of long-term memory that involves retrieving information with out the aid of retrieval cues; also called free recall.

Mood Congruence

An encoding specificity phenomenon in which a given mood tends to evoke memories that consistent with that mood.

Schema

An organized cluster of information about a particular topic.

Recognition

Attest of long-term memory that involves identifying correct information out of several possibles choices.

Procedural Memory

Category of long-term memory that includes memories of different skills, operations, and actions.

Semantic Memory

Category of long-term memory that includes memories of general knowledge, concepts, facts, and names.

Episodic memory

Category of long-term memory that includes memories of particular events.

Proactive Interference

Forgetting in which an old memory interferes with remembering a new memory; forward-acting memory interference.

Chunking

Increasing the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory by grouping related items together into a single unit, or chunk.

Explicit Memory

Information of knowledge that can be consciously recollected.; also called declarative memory.

Implicit Memory

Information or knowledge that effects behavior or task performance but can not be consciously recollected; also called non-declarative memory.

Anterograde Amnesia

Loss of memory caused by the inability to store new memories; forward-acting amnesia

Retrograde Amnesia

Loss of memory, specially for episodic information backward acting amnesia.

Repression

Motivated forgetting that occurs unconsciously; a memory that is blocked and unavailable to consciousness.

Clustering

Organizing items into related groups during recall from long- term memory.

Dementia

Progressive deterioration and impairments memory, reasoning and other cog is five functions occurring as the result of a disease or a condition.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Rehearsal that involves focusing on the meaning of information o help encode and transfer it to long term memory.

Prospective Memory

Remembering to do something in the future.

Amnesia

Severe memory loss

Short Term Memory

The active stage of memory in which information is steered for up to about 20 seconds.

Memory Consolidation

The gradual, physical process of converting new long-term memories to stable, enduring memory codes.

Memory trace or engram

The hypothetical brain changes associated with a particular stored memory.

Forgetting

The inability to recall information that was previously Available.

Retrieval cue failure

The inability to recall long-term memories because of inadequate or missing retrieval cues.

Encoding failure

The inability to recall specific information because of insuficiente encoding of the information for storage in long-term memory

Maintenance Rehearsal

The mental or verbal repetition of information in order to maintain it beyond the usual 20 second duration of short-term memory.

Memory

The mental processes that enables you to retain and retrieve information over time.

Encoding specificity principal

The principal that when the conditions of information retrieval are similar to the condition of information encoding, retrieval is more likely to be successful.

Retrieval

The process of accessing stored information.

Encoding

The process of transforming information into a form that can be entered unto and retained by the memory system.

Flashbulb Memory

The recall of very specific images or details surrounding a vivid, rare, por significant personal event; detail may or may not be accurate.

Sensory Memory

The stage of memory that registers information from the environment and holds it for a very brief period of time.

Long Term Memory

The stage of memory that represents the long-Term storage of information.

Context Effect

The tendency to recover information more easily when the retrieval occurs in the same setting as the original leading of the information.

Serial Position Effect

The tendency to remember items at the beginning and end of a list better than items in the middle.

Interference Theory

The theory that forgetting is caused by one memory competing with or replacing another.

Decay Theory

The view that forgetting is due to normal metabolic processes that occur in the brain overtime.