PSYCH CH1

Which of the following sayings is a good summary of confirmation bias? Hope springs eternal. There are known unknowns and unknown unknowns. Seek and ye shall find. The plural of anecdote isn't fact.

seek and ye shall find

The phrase "don't confuse me with the facts" would BEST describe which self-deception trap? individualism Naive realism Belief perseverance Confirmation bias

Belief perseverance

The "third variable problem" is associated with which scientific thinking principle? Falsifiability Ruling out rival hypotheses Replicability Correlation isn't causation.

Correlation isn't causation.

The proverbs "birds of a feather flock together" and "opposites attract" are examples of how things we consider to be common sense are usually right can explain much about the world can actually be contradictory are usually wrong

can actually be contradictory

Which type of psychologist is most likely to work with patients who have serious mental disorders such as major depression? Forensic psychologist Clinical psychologist Developmental psychologist Counseling psychologist

clinical psychologist

Research has shown that people are especially prone to being susceptible to pseudoscience when don't feel a sense of control. are under 18. have a lot of life experience. are psychic.

don't feel a sense of control.

Science begins with the premise that knowledge should first be acquired through observation. This premise is called empiricism structuralism rationalism observationism

empiricism

Wilhelm Wundt developed the first full-fledged psychological laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany. He pioneered the technique of _______, in which trained observers reflected on and reported on their own mental experiences. insight analysis heuristics behaviorism introspection

introspection

Evolutionary psychology has been criticized because its predictions are difficult to falsify. it favors determinism over free will. researchers prefer newer psychology theories. evolution is just a theory.

it favors determinism over free will.

When we ask if it is possible for a claim made in a research study to be disproved, we are asking if the claim is framed as a hypothesis. replicable. just a theory. falsifiable.

just a theory.

Which of the following is NOT one of Freud's stages of psychosexual development? libido oral anal latency

libido

Ways of thinking that appear to make intuitive sense but are actually traps that lead to mistaken conclusions are called patternicity. logical fallacies. ad hoc immunizing hypothesis. confirmation bias.

logical fallacies.

The belief that "seeing is believing" is an example of falsifiability. metaphysics. naive realism. objective reality.

naive realism

Conspiracy theorists often fail to fight confirmation bias and therefore neglect evidence that does not support their hypothesis. use the scientific method to analyze their beliefs. seek confirmation in scientific research. find meaningful patterns that others have missed.

neglect evidence that does not support their hypothesis.

Just as behaviorism was gaining popularity in the United States, Sigmund Freud was founding a new field of psychology, one that focused on internal psychological processes such as unconscious impulses, thoughts, and memories. This field is called functionalism. structuralism. psychoanalysis. cognitive psychology.

psychoanalysis.

Which of the following is an indication of pseudoscience? Review from other researchers in the field Relying on stories of individuals Self-correction Only talking about "evidence" rather than "proof"

relying on stories of individuals

By testing hypotheses and analyzing the results of these tests, scientists can provisionally accept the theory behind the hypothesis, reject the theory outright, or report the hypothesis to the unproven theory databank revise the theory. categorize the hypothesis as metaphysical in nature and thus unprovable. use the theory to explain a specific event under scrutiny.

revise the theory.

Science writer Michael Shermer coined the termed "patternicity" to refer to the patterns researchers must use to create falsifiable research studies. the way people use patterns to re-create existing objects in the world. the human tendency to see patterns in meaningless data. common heritable characteristics that are passed down via the Y chromosome.

the human tendency to see patterns in meaningless data.

A client receiving psychoanalytic therapy becomes thinks his therapist is angry with him and becomes defensive. Which of the following elements of psychoanalytic therapy is this consistent with? dream analysis free association interpretation transference

transference