psych ch11

________ is a state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar.

Congruence

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max?

Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview.

Sally really loves being outdoors. She likes to hike, do yoga in the warm sun, and go for long camping trips. She and her wife move to Arizona from New York so that they can enjoy these activities in warmer weather for most of the year. This process of moving to an area that is most suited for one's personality tendencies is called selective ________.

migration

Which individual is probably not living in a culture that promotes a collectivist view of the world?

James, who lives in England

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?

Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________.

an internal locus of control

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization?

balance between extroversion and introversion

What was the third personality dimension eventually proposed by Hans and Sybil Eysenck?

psychoticism versus superego control

According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one's ______ self and their ________ self.

real; ideal

________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.

trait

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to minority cultures.

TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality?

They can be scientifically tested because they involve observable actions.

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold.

choleric

How can parents help their children achieve high congruence?

giving them unconditional positive regard

Johanna is almost always nasty to people. She talks about others behind their backs, looks for ways to undercut classmates, and intentionally does things to impede other's success. Virtually everyone she knows eventually grows to dislike her, often citing her nastiness as the reason why they don't want to be around her. According to Allport, this negativity seems to be a(n) ________ trait for Johanna.

cardinal

According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.

oral

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify?

Freudian slip

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________.

anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

high self-efficacy

In the HEXACO model of personality traits, to what does the "X" refer?

extraversion