PSYCH CH14

Approximately _____ percent of the population suffer from panic disorder.

2 to 3

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder in 2015 was:

3.5

The risk of suicide is _____ times greater for those who have been depressed than for those who have not.

5

The percentage of Americans who reported suffering from a mood disorder in 2015 was:

9.3

According to research cited in your text, which of the following individuals is MOST likely to be a successful supervisor?

Deandre, who is introverted but very skilled at his job

People with schizophrenia often have disturbed perceptions called _____, which are sensory experiences without sensory stimulation.

HALLUCINATIONS

People are more likely to perceive themselves favorably. This is known as:

a self-serving bias

Compulsion is to _____ as _____ is to thought.

action; obsession

Susan has been diagnosed with panic disorder and refuses to leave her home without her husband. She fears any situation in which she cannot escape or find help when a panic attack would strike. Susan suffers not only from panic disorder but also from:

agoraphobi

The collective unconscious is to Carl Jung as the inferiority complex is to _____.

alfred adler

Raquel was initially excited to make the cheerleading squad. However, her parents noticed that she stopped eating dinner with them, wanted to help make most meals, and had a list of good and bad foods. She began portioning the amount of food she ate and weighing food. Most concerning was the significant weight drop from a healthy 115 pounds to 90 pounds. This case demonstrates symptoms of:

anorexia nervosa

In _____ disorder, the affected person is aggressive and ruthless and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.

antisocial personality

Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would MOST likely be diagnosed as having:

antisocial personality disorder

Bobby stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train over to the South Side. On the train, a passenger stepped on his shoes, and he threw the hot coffee into the passenger's face and laughed. Bobby would be considered to have:

antisocial personality disorder

Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior BEST illustrates _____ disorder.

antisocial pesonality

_____ disorders are characterized by distressing, persistent worry or maladaptive behaviors that serve to reduce it.

anxiety

Autonomic nervous system reactivity is an example of a(n) _____ influence on personality.

biological

Dr. Phelps believes that psychological disorders are influenced by genetic predispositions and physiological states. He is also aware that inner psychological dynamics, social dynamics, and culture influence psychological disorders. Dr. Phelps believes in a _____ model.

biopsychosocial

In an attempt to lose some of the weight gained by binge eating, Melissa uses laxatives and exercises until she is exhausted. Melissa MOST clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

bulimia nervosa

Personality is best defined as an individual's:

characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Mr. James incorrectly believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is MOST clearly demonstrating:

delusions

Angel has been arrested for grand theft auto. He claims that it was not him and that he knows nothing about the crime, as another one of his personalities must have done it. The court-appointed psychiatrist knows immediately that Angel does not suffer from _____ disorder, as the original personality generally denies awareness of the others.

dissociative identity

The humanistic perspective of personality:

emphasizes the ways people strive for self-determination and self-realization.

Susan's mother suffered from the flu during her pregnancy with Susan. Statistically, this increases Susan's risk of later developing schizophrenia. Maternal influenza is an example of a(n) _____ factor because it may influence the expression of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

epigenetic

The study of environmental influences on gene expression is called _____.

epigenetics

Lee has always been an extravert. There is some evidence that people like Lee seek stimulation because their normal brain arousal is relatively low. For example, extraverts:

exhibit less activity in a frontal lobe area involved in behavior inhibition.

Psychologists have used _____________ to assess whether a single personality trait (e.g., extraversion) is reflected in a cluster of characteristics (e.g., sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate).

factor analysis

______________ is a psychoanalytic method for exploring the unconscious. With this method, patients are told to relax and say whatever comes to mind.

free association

Elsa is a 50-year-old teacher who is openly gay. According to the American Psychiatric Association (APA), Elsa's homosexuality:

is not classified as an illness

Eeyore, a character in the Winnie the Pooh series by E. E. Milne, speaks slowly, has a pessimistic view, and often does not wish to participate in social activities. These behaviors suggest that the character suffers from _____ disorder.

major depressive

When the brain's danger-detection system becomes too active, the risk for _____ disorder(s) does NOT increase.

major depressive

For the past four weeks, Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is MOST likely that Odessa is suffering from:

major-depressive disorder

Bipolar disorder is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of _____.

mania

A large pharmaceutical company is conducting a clinical trial for a new antidepressant to treat major depressive disorder. They are concerned with the efficacy and safety of the new drug. Their perspective is most in line with the _____ model.

medical

Gena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Gena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

medical

Helena believes that people with psychological disorders are suffering from diseases that have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and sometimes even cured. Helena believes in the _____ model of psychological disorders.

medical

Flat affect (lack of emotional response), toneless voices, and expressionless faces are examples of _____ symptoms associated with schizophrenia.

negative

Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for three to four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time and she often repeats this cycle 10 to 12 times per day in addition to her ritualistic cleaning. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is MOST symptomatic of _____ disorder.

obsessive-compulsive

_____ disorder is characterized by a person having intrusive thoughts that may lead to repetitive actions.

obsessive-compulsive

Two disorders that involve anxiety are _____ disorder and _____.

obsessive-compulsive; posttraumatic stress disorder

Self-esteem refers to:

our feelings of high or low self-worth

Thirty-five-year-old Aria needs to have blood work. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Aria seems to be suffering from a(n) _____.

phobia

The TAT and Rorschach Inkblot Test are both _____ tests.

projective

According to Freud, fixation refers to a difficulty in the process of:

psychosexual development.

Brad often acts overly confident and daring. Few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Brad's behavior best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

reaction formation

Anxious people tend to be on the lookout for potentially threatening events; that is, they perceive the world as threatening. Their personalities shape how they interpret and react to events. This is known as:

reciprocal determinism

Which of the following is NOT included in psychology's current understanding of the unconscious mind?

repression

This disorder is MOST likely to result in the person living in poverty.

schizophrenia

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) has been translated into more than 100 languages and is in its __________ edition.

second

Trina suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on a popular antidepressant that will help to increase her _____ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter.

serotonin

Avoiding eating in public, speaking up in public, and going to parties is characteristic of _____ anxiety disorder.

social

_____ disorder may result in the avoidance of speaking in public, eating in public, and going to parties.

social anxiety

The medical model, one of the two models currently in use for understanding and treating psychological disorders, uses medical terms. Which of these is NOT a term from the medical model?

social stressors

An effective way to break the cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are _____ and _____.

specific; temporary

Your friend is giving a speech tomorrow, and she is worried because she's not happy with her new haircut. She is convinced everyone will be staring at her bangs and discussing her unattractive hairstyle. Her overestimation of people's reactions is known as:

spotlight effect

Ruth was walking through the woods during a thunderstorm. A tree struck by lightning from the storm toppled over, narrowly missing Ruth as she fled. The fact that Ruth now has a fear of all trees—not just the one that nearly harmed her—is an example of:

stimulus generalization

When 7-year-old Paul was caught pocketing a candy bar that he had not paid for, he felt ashamed and guilty. Using Freud's terminology, the sense of shame and guilt that Paul felt was a product of his:

superego

Qwan often finds himself anxious in social situations. He avoids eye contact with others and regularly dismisses his fears of blushing uncontrollably as shyness. If Qwan were Japanese, he might be suffering from:

taijin-kyofusho.

As a psychologist, you ask one of your clients to complete the MMPI. After you score the test, you notice that the client selected answers that make her seem healthier than she really is. These answers would be detected on:

the lie scale

Criticisms of the DSM-5 suggest that, if Rosenhan's study were replicated today:

the results would be much the same

According to Carl Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person is known as:

unconditional positive regard.

The relationship between mental illness and violence is BEST described as:

weak or nonexistent